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THE 


BATTLE OF SALAMANCA 


A TALE OF THE NAPOLEONIC WAR 


BENITO PEREZ GALDOS, 


h 


AUTHOR OF “DONA FERFECTA," “GLORIA,” “LA INCOGNITA,” 

“ TRAFALGAR,” ETC, 



TRANSLATED BY 

ROLLO OODEN. 


IV1AY21 ^895 




PHILADELPHIA: 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY. 





Copyright, 1895, by J. B. Lippincott Company. 


Printed by J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, U.S.A. 


LIPPINCOTT’S 

yONTHLY ]\/JAGAZINE. 

JUNE, 1895. 

THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


I. 

Madrid, March 14, 1812. 

D ear Gabriel, — if you have not been luckier than I, we are 
finely off. Not a single thing has resulted from my investiga- 
tions up to the present time, except the fact that the commissary of 
police is no longer in this city, and that he is not in the service of the 
French or any one else, unless it be the devil. After his trip to Gua- 
dalajara, he asked leave of absence, threw up his position, and now 
nobody knows anything about him. 

My situation here has improved a trifle. I have surrendered, my 
friend : I have written to my aunt, and the head of my illustrious 
family indicates to me in her last letter that she has taken compassion 
upon me. Her agent has received orders that I am not to be left to 
die of hunger. Thanks to this and to my well-filled boxes, your poor 
countess will not have to beg for the present. I have tried to sell the 
jewels and laces and embroideries, but nobody wants to buy them. 
There isn’t a franc in all Madrid, and when a loaf of bread costs from 
seventy to ninety cents, you can imagine that there is not much fancy for 
buying jewels. If this state of things keeps on, the day will come 
when I shall have to give my diamonds for a single chicken. 

I am sending this letter to you at Sepulveda. Try to get to Zamora. 
I pursue my inquiries here with untiring zeal, and, by affecting great 
attachment for the French cause, I have made friends among officials 
high and low, principally of the police. Let me know if you join 
Carlos Espana’s division. I think it would be better for your military 
career to give up those fierce guerillas; but for Heaven’s sake don’t go 
into the army of Estremadura. I do not believe the light we seek 
will come from that direction. Continue in Castile, my son, and do 
not give up my holy undertaking. Write to me often. Your letters 
and the pleasure of answering them are my only comfort. 


723 


724 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


March 22. 

You cannot imagine the frightful misery which reigns in Madrid. 
The rich can exist, though with difficulty, but the poor are dying in 
the streets by hundreds. All the resources of charity are exhausted, 
and money seeks for food without finding it. The wretched people 
fight furiously for a cabbage-stalk, and for the leavings of those few 
who still set their tables. It is impossible to go out into the streets, 
as the spectacles that meet one’s gaze at every step fill one with horror. 
On every hand you see starving beggars, pushed into the gutters, and 
in such a state of emaciation that they seem corpses in which a remnant 
of useless and miserable life has been overlooked. They find their 
bed in the mud and filth of the streets and squares, and are silent 
except when they cry for bread which no one can give them. 

The French promenade through this cemetery with well-fed and 
good-natured complaisance, but their police persecute the inoffensive 
people most cruelly. No groups are allowed in the streets, no stopping 
to talk, no looking in at shop- windows. The shopkeepers are fined 
two hundred ducats if they allow curious people to stand at their doors 
or windows, so that the wretched creatures have to rush out every 
moment to drive off the neighbors with a yardstick. 

They say now that Napoleon is going to begin war against the 
Emperor of all the Russias. That will be a good thing for Spain, for 
they will have to take troops from the Peninsula, or at least they will 
not be able to make good the losses which they are all the time suffering. 
The French cause seems to me in a ticklish situation, and I have noticed 
that the most sensible among them no longer entertain any illusions in 
regard to the final result of this war. 

As for our affair, what can I say that is not sad and depressing ? 
Nothing, my son, absolutely nothing. My inquiries lead to no result. 
I have not found the least bit of light, nor the slightest indication. 
Nevertheless, I trust in God, and hope on. I address this letter to 
Santa Maria de Nieva, as it is most likely to find you there. 


April 22. 

I have been at the palace, my son, and have prostrated myself 
before that tinsel Catholic Majesty to whom a few Spaniards pay court, 
stirring about restlessly so as to appear to be many. If I were to say 
to any of the dwellers in Madrid that Joseph I., known here as Squint- 
Eye,” or “ Joe Bottles,” is a pleasant, sensible, and tolerant person of 
good manners and benevolent impulses, they would think me crazy, or 
else sold to the French. 

His appearance could not be better. Joseph has greatly the ad- 
vantage of his keg of a brother. His grave and expressive face lacks 
little of perfection. He commonly dresses in black, and his entire 
personal bearing could not be more agreeable. I need not tell you that 
the people here talk of his debaucheries : it is only a weapon invented 
by patriotism in the national defence. Joseph is no drunkard. A 
thousand abominable stories are also told of his vices not connected 
with drunkenness, but, without positively denying them, I am slow in 
giving them credit. In short, Bottles” is a very good sort of king ; 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


725 


and when one sees him and deals with him, one cannot but regret that 
it is usurpation and war, not birth and right, which have brought him 
here. 

His champions here are few, easily counted. This dynasty has no 
loyal subjects except the ministers and two or three persons placed 
by them in important offices. Those Spaniards who serve him appear 
like disgraced victims, and have nothing of that triumphant and vain- 
glorious air which those are accustomed to display here who are raised 
a couple of fingers above the crowd, either by merit or by another’s 
favor. They live either in shame or in fear, for doubtless they foresee 
that the English duke is going to upset all this. Some of them, how- 
ever, indulge in pleasant dreams, and say that we shall have bottles, 
pitchers, and cups, world without end. 

I have purposely left for the end of my letter our precious affair, 
because I wanted to surprise you. Haven’t you guessed from my tone 
that I am less dejected than usual ? But I shall not tell you anything 
until I can be sure that I am not misleading you. Restrain your im- 
patience, my son. Thanks to Joseph, I have obtained some important 
information, and very soon, as Azanza has just assured me, this gleam 
of the truth will turn to full and complete light. Farewell. 


May 21. 

Great news, my dear friend, son, and servant ! At last the hiding- 
place of our mortal enemy is discovered ! A thousand blessings be 
upon Joseph and that unknown Queen Julia whose name I invoked in 
order to win his favor ! Santorcaz has not yet gone to France. From 
here all along the road to the west, my dear one, I can say to you, as 
they say to children playing blind-man’s-buff, You are warm. Yes, 
little one, stretch out your hand and catch the traitor. How many 
times we look for our hat and find it on our head ! As soon as you 
receive this letter, go straight to Plasencia, and, depending upon your 
astuteness, your courage, your talent, or all put together, enter the 
scoundrel’s presence and tear from him that treasure which he always 
keeps by him. 

How I have had to work to find this out! Santorcaz left the 
service a long time ago. His proud and impetuous character made him 
unendurable to the very men who gave him office. For some time he 
was tolerated on account of the excellent service which he rendered, 
but finally it was discovered that he belonged to the society of Phila- 
delphians,” which had its origin in Soult’s army, and of which the 
object was to dethrone the emperor and proclaim a republic. He was 
removed from his position shortly after he had robbed us of Ines, and 
since then he has w^andered through the Peninsula founding lodges. 
He was in Valladolid, in Burgos, in Salamanca, in Oviedo; after that 
I lost his trail, and for some time I thought he had gone to France. 
Finally, the French police (the worst thing in the world does some 
good) discovered that he is at present in Plasencia, seriously sick, and 
hindered a bit in his work of turning the villages upside down with 
his lodges and revolutionary conclaves. What a shame it is that the 
outcasts, the rogues, the liars and counterfeiters are the very ones to set 


726 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


about reforming the world ! It makes me angry, I tell you ; it makes 
me furious. 

The one who has completed my information about Santorcaz is a 
French sympathizer, no less of a lunatic and busybody than he is him- 
self. Do you know Jos6 Marchena? He is one who passes here for a 
loose-living ecclesiastic, a sort of abbot who speaks more French than 
Spanish, and more Latin than French, a poet, orator, and man of 
fluent wit, who is said to be a friend of Madame de Stael, and who 
appears really to have been a friend of Marat, Robespierre, Legendre, 
Tallien, and other great folk. He and Santorcaz lived together in 
Paris. They are still great friends, and write each other often. But 
this Marchena is a man of little reserve, and answers every question 
put to him. Through him I have learned that our enemy is in poor 
health, that he stays only in villages occupied by the French, and that 
when he goes from one place to another he disguises himself skilfully. 
And we thought he was in France ! And I told you not to go to the 
army in Estremadura! Go; run ; don’t wait a single day. The duke 
must be somewhere about there with his army. I will write you at the 
head-quarters of Carlos Espana. Answer me immediately. Will you 
go where I send you? Will you find what we are looking for? Will 
you be able to give it back to me? I am beside myself. 


II. 

When I received this letter I was on my way to join the army of 
Estremadura, although it was not then in Estremadura, but in Fuente 
Guinaldo, in the province of Salamanca. It fell to me to take a 
place on the staff of that marshal, called Carlos Espagne, who was 
afterwards Count de Espana. At that time the young Frenchman, 
who had been serving in our armies since 1792, was not at all famous, 
although he had distinguished himself in the actions of Barca del 
Puerto, Tamames, Tresno, and Medina del Campo. He was an excel- 
lent soldier, brave and vigorous, though of a wayward and ungovern- 
able temper. Commanding universal admiration in actual battle, his 
performances when he had no enemies in front of him excited laughter 
or rage. 

Many of his actions argued a lamentable emptiness in his cerebral 
store-houses, and if he did not sometimes set us to fighting windmills 
it was because Providence held us in His hand. But it was a frequent 
occurrence to have the alarm sounded in the dead of night, to rush 
hastily out of our lodgings, to look for the enemy who had thus un- 
seasonably broken in upon our slumbers, and to find only that crazy 
Espana bellowing in the midst of the fields at his invisible fellow- 
countrymen. 

This man was then in command of a division belonging to the 
army under General Carlos O’Donnell. The latter had just been 
joined by the bands of Julian Sanchez, the successful guerilla, and 
was preparing to join the ranks of Wellington, who was then in camp 
at Fuente Guinaldo, after having captured Badajos in the latter part 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


727 


of March. The French in Old Castile were under the lead of Mar- 
mont, and were making no concerted movement. Soult was operating 
in Andalusia, not daring to attack the duke, and the latter decided to 
march boldly against Castile. In general, the outlook was not bad 
for us, while the imperial star appeared to be declining after the blows 
suffered at Ciudad Rodrigo, Arroyo Molinos, and Badajos. 

I had received my commission as major in February of that year. 
Luckily I was for some time in command of an expedition that 
traversed the country about Aranda and afterwards the hill-country of 
Covarrubias and Demanda. By the beginning of March I had made 
sure that Santorcaz was not in that region. I daringly extended my 
explorations as far as Burgos, then occupied by the French, entered 
the city in disguise, and learned that the ex-commissary of police had 
been living there some months before. Then, going down to Segovia, 
I pursued my inquiries ; but then I was ordered to join the division 
of Carlos Espaila. 

I obeyed, and, as precisely at that time I received the last of the 
letters which I have faithfully copied, I deemed it a special favor of 
Heaven that my military duty called me to Estremadura. But, as I 
have said, Wellington, whom Espana was to join, had already left the 
banks of the Tietar. We were to leave Piedrahita and unite with him 
either in Fiiente Guinaldo or Ciudad Rodrigo. From there it would 
be very easy to go to Plasencia. 

While I was revolving different and desperate projects in my 
troubled mind, events took place which I must not pass by in silence. 


III. 

After a prolonged march during the afternoon and a good part of 
a lovely June night, Espana gave orders for a halt and rest in Santi- 
banez de Valvaneda. We had a comparative abundance of supplies, 
considering the great scarcity which was ordinarily our lot, and, as the 
army was always ready for a little amusement, there was no lack of 
hilarity in the village as we took possession of the houses at dead of 
night. 

It was my fortune to lodge in the best room of a house which was 
a cross between a mansion and an inn. My orderly got ready for me 
a beautiful bed, and I went to sleep, without, I am bound to say, any- 
thing unusual or poetical occurring to mark that ordinary act of life. 
But suddenly, I do not know how long afterwards, I was awakened 
by a most peculiar sensation, which I cannot describe except by saying 
tliat, only a -single sense seeming to have been affected, I leaped out of 
bed, crying out, Who is there 

Fully awake now, I shouted to my orderly, ^^Tribaldos, get up 
and make a light.’^ 

Almost at the same instant I discovered my illusion. I was entirely 
alone. But, though nothing was taking place in my bedroom, outside 
of my own restless mind, as was proved when Tribaldos came in with 
a light and began to search about, something was happening on the 


728 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCji. 


ground-floor of the building, where the profound silence of the night 
was broken in upon by a loud disturbance caused by people, carriages, 
and horses. 

Major,” said Tribaldos, drawing his sabre and cutting about him 
in the air, those rascals do not propose to let us sleep to-night. 
— Begone, you rogues ! Do you think that I am afraid of you ?” 

Whom are you talking to?” 

‘‘To the spirits, sir,” he replied. “They have come to amuse 
themselves with you after having had their fill of fun with me. One 
of them caught me by the right foot, another by the left, and a third, 
who was uglier than Barabbas, tied a rope around my neck, and by 
pulling and hauling on this they carried me ofl* flying to my native 
village, to show me my Dorothea saying sweet things to Sergeant Mos- 
cardon.” 

“But do you believe in spirits?” 

“ Why shouldn't I, when IVe seen them? I have taken more 
turns with them than I have hairs in my head,” he replied, in a tone 
of profound conviction. “ This house is full of the gentry.” 

“ Tribaldos, do me the favor to kill no more mosquitoes with your 
sabre. Leave the spirits alone, and go down to see what is the cause 
of the infernal noise in the court-yard. It would seem that travellers 
had arrived; but, from the rumpus they make, one would think that 
not even Sir Arthur M^ellesley had more people in his train.” 

The fellow went out, leaving me alone, but in a short time he 
reappeared, muttering between his teeth in a threatening tone and with 
a most unpleasantly disturbed countenance. 

“So you thought, major, that it must be Englishmen or travelling 
princes who were thundering through the house in such a manner? 
Well, sir, they were actors, a lot of wretched actors on their way to 
Salamanca to give performances there during the feast of St. John. I 
must have counted eight of them at least, men and women, and they 
have two wagon-loads of painted canvases, costumes, gild^ crowns, 
pasteboard armor, and masks. A fine lot ! The innkeeper proposed 
to kick them into the street, but they pulled out their money, and as 
soon as his majesty saw the color of it he treated them like dukes.” 

Tribaldos went out again, only to return a moment later. 

“.It^ seems to me they must be already going,” said I, noticing a 
certain increase in the noise. 

“ No, major,” he replied, laughing : “ it’s only that Sergeant Pan- 
duro and Corporal Rocacha have set fire to the wagon containing their 
stage tools. J ust hear the shrieks of the kings and princes and senes- 
chals as they see their thrones and crowns and ermine robes all burn- 
ing up! Gracious, how the princesses and other she-dignitaries do 
squawk ! I am going down to see if the rogues can weep here as well 
as in the theatre. The head man of them all can scream fit to split 
major ? I’m going down again to see them 

I certainly did hear that one voice among all the other exasperated 
tones, and the strangest thing is that its timbre, distant though it was 
and affected by anger, made me tremble. I recognized it. 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


729 


I leaped to my feet and dressed in hot haste; but the noises 
diminished little by little, and by the time I was ready to go out, 
Tribaldos came in and said, Tliey’re gone, major, the supreme rascals. 
The whole court-yard is full of burnt pieces of the palaces of Warsaw, 
pasteboard helmets, and the scarlet cloak of the Doge of Venice.^^ 
Which way have the wretches gone?^^ 

Towards Grijuelo.’’ 

“ They must be going to Salamanca. Get your rifle and follow 
me instantly.” 

“ But, major. General Espafla wants to see you this very moment. 
His Excellency's aide has brought the message.” 

“ May the devil take you and the message and the aide and the 
general all together! Why, I have put on my necktie wrong side 
front ! Give me that vest, stupid : you didnT suppose I was going 
without that?” 

The general is waiting for yon. Down there you can hear him 
walking up and down, stamping and shouting, in his lodgings.” 

When I reached the square, the disturbing travellers had disap- 
peared. Don Carlos Espafia met me as I came out, and said, “ I have 
just received a despatch from the duke ordering me to march towards 
Sancti-Spiritus. Up, everybody ! Sound the long roll.” 

Thus ended an incident which I need not have related but for its 
connection with others yet to be told. 


IV. 

Two days later the monotony of our march was broken by a nota- 
ble event. It was still early in the morning when our troops in the 
vanguard burst out into joyful cries. Orders were given to form in 
line, so that the various companies should wear their finest and most 
martial air. By command of the general, some ran to cut branches 
from the groves of oak near by, to make crowns or triumphal arches, 
or I don^t know what. When we reached the Ciudad Rodrigo road, 
we saw coming up a large body of men dressed in scarlet, horsemen 
on powerful steeds. As soon as we caught sight of them we all broke 
out into a glad shout : 

“ Hurrah for the duke I” 

It is Cotton’s cavalry of General Graham’s division,” said Don 
Carlos Espana. “ Gentlemen, be careful not to do anything ridiculous. 
The English are very ceremonious, and forms are of great importance 
with them. If we have branches enough, let us make a little triumphal 
arch for the conqueror of Ciudad Rodrigo to pass under, and I will 
deliver a speech I have all ready, praising him for his skill in the art 
of war and eulogizing the Constitution of Cadiz.” 

The duke is no great friend of the Constitution of Cadiz,” said 
Don Julian Sanchez, who was at Don Carlos’s right ; but what differ- 
ence does that make to us? If we can only beat Marmont, all the 
dukes in creation can go hang.” 

The red horsemen finally came up to us, and their commander, who 


730 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


spoke a supernatural kind of Spanish, paid his compliments to our 
general, assuring him that his excellency the Duke of Ciudad K-odrigo 
would not be long in reaching Sancti-Spiritus. We at once began to 
erect our arch at the entrance to that village, and you should have seen 
the local school-master bringing out some great card-board placards 
covered with fine lettering and original poetry. In the latter metrical 
performances the virtues of the modern Fabius, Sir Arthur Wellesley, 
Viscount Wellington of Talavera, Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo, Grandee 
of Spain and Peer of England, were exalted far above the moon. 

One after another the numerous divisions of the army kept arriving 
and spreading out through all the region, and at last, among the most 
brilliant of the Scotch, English, and Spanish soldiers, appeared a mail- 
coach, greeted with shouts and jubilation by the men on either side of 
the road. In the coach I saw a large red nose, and some extraordinarily 
white teeth gleaming beneath it. In the rapidity of the march, that 
was about all I could make out, except a courteous and benevolent 
smile returning the salutations of the troops. 

I ought not to omit to state, although it is hardly in keeping with 
serious history, that when the coach passed under the triumphal arch, 
inasmuch as the latter was not built by Roman engineers, it was knocked 
down by a blow from one of the wheels and fell in a general ruin upon 
the unlucky head of the school-master. As no one was hurt, we could 
only celebrate the calamity with laughter. In the mean time, Don 
Carlos Espaila unloaded his speech before the duke, and no sooner had 
he concluded than the school-master stepped up with the dire project 
of delivering an oration on his own account. The English general 
consented to hear it, politely concealing the fact that he was bored, and 
listened to the pedantries of the orator with frequent nods of his head 
and that peculiar English smile which makes one believe in a little 
intermaxillary cord which can be used to make the mouth fly open as 
if it were a curtain. 

Major,’^ said my aide to me joyfully, after I had left the company 
of the generals to see about my lodging, did you see the other army 
behind them ?’’ 

You mean the Portuguese ?’’ 

‘^Portuguese your grandmother! I mean the women, — an army 
of women. The English take their wives with them instead of bag- 
gage. That’s the way to go to war !” 

I looked, and saw as many as forty or fifty wagons, coaches, and 
other kinds of vehicles, all filled with women. Some seemed to belong, 
to the upper classes, some to the lower, and they were of different ages 
and styles and degrees of beauty ; though it must be said, to tell the 
truth, that most of them had no beauty in any degree whatever. The 
moment the carriages stopped, amid clouds of dust, you should have 
seen the lady travellers leap lightly down, and heard the chattering 
and outcry that followed. They cried out for their husbands, and the 
latter, in their turn, forced their way into the throng of femininity, 
calling out for their wives. Happy couples were immediately formed, 
and the air was filled with the confused sounds of guttural voices and* 
shrill tones mingled. 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


731 


It was not possible for the whole of the division of our allies to 
pass the night in that village, and so a part of it followed the road 
along towards Aldehuela de Yeltes. Many of the women, who formed 
a part of the convoy of provisions and ammunition, entered their car- 
riages again, while others remained in Sancti-Spiritus. Throughout 
the day we were occupied in looking up the best lodgings possible, but, 
as there were so many of us, the question was not wholly solved by 
nightfall. As for myself, I was just about making up my mind to 
sleep in the open, when Tribaldos brought me word that the local 
school-master would take the greatest pleasure in placing his room at 
my disposal. After calling upon my worthy host, I went out to attend 
to various military duties, and was going back to the house again, when 
I heard alarmed outcries near the road. I ran in the direction of the 
sound, and discovered a little carriage, drawn, swaying and bounding, 
by a runaway horse. As it swept by us at terrible speed, a woman’s 
cry fell upon my ears. 

“There’s a woman in that coach, Tribaldos,” I shouted to my 
aide. 

“ It’s an Englishwoman, sir, who was left behind by the others.” 

“Poor creature! Wasn’t there a man among them all courageous 
enough to stop the horse and save her ? But he seems to be slowing 
up. Let’s run there.” 

“ The carriage is out of the road,” cried Tribaldos, in great excite- 
ment, “ and in a place of the greatest peril.” 

I saw at once that the carriage was on the point of being dashed 
to pieces. The horse had entangled himself in some heavy vines, and 
had fallen, almost stunned by the violence of the shock. But he was 
over the edge of a very steep bank, and was sliding down towards the 
chasm below. The coach had toppled over without being crushed, but 
was in a most terrifying position. 

I rushed to the spot, at every leap loosening stones that rolled on 
ominously, and finally laid hold of the vehicle. A woman was calling 
frantically from within it. 

“ Senora,” I shouted, “ I am here. Don’t be alarmed. You will 
not fall over the cliff.” 

The horse was pawing desperately in his efforts to get up, and by 
his struggles was drawing the carriage nearer to the abyss. A moment 
more, and all would have been over. I braced myself against a great 
rock, and with both hands held back the toppling carriage. 

“ Senora,” I cried, eagerly, “ try to get out. Catch hold of me : 
do not be afraid. If you can only get out on the ground, the danger 
will be past.” 

“I cannot I I cannot 1” she exclaimed, in agony. 

“ Have you broken any bones ?” 

“ No. Now I will see if I cannot get out.” 

“ Try your best. If we lose a minute we shall both go over.” 

I cannot describe the prodigious efforts we both put forth. The 
fact is that in such critical moments the human body has a force far 
beyond the ordinary, and performs a series of wonderful feats which it 
afterwards can neither remember nor repeat. All I know is that, with 


732 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


God’s help, I succeeded in rescuing that unknown woman from her 
dreadful peril. I carried her in my arms up to the road. 

“ Tribaldos, you lazy coward,” 1 cried to my orderly, who only then 
came to my aid, help me up here.” 

Once safe in the road, the fair unknown took a few steps. 

Sir, I owe you my life,” she said, recovering her lost color and 
the brilliancy of her eyes. She seemed to be about twenty-three, and 
was tall and graceful. Her spirited bearing, her gentle voice, her 
beautiful face, and her ceremonious way of addressing me, due, doubt- 
less, to her not knowing Spanish very well, made upon me a profound 
impression. 


V. 

Leaning on me, she tried to walk, but her limbs could not support 
her. Thereupon I took her in my arms, and said to Tribaldos, Help 
me ; we will take her to our lodgings.” 

Luckily, it was not far. In the door-way the Englishwoman turned 
her head, (^ened her eyes, and said to me, I must not trouble you 
further, sir. I can go up the stairs alone — if you will give me your 
arm.” 

At that instant an English officer. Sir Thomas Parr, whom I had 
known in Cadiz, came up in a tremendous hurry. After I had told 
him what had happened, he spoke to his countrywoman in English. 

But is there a comfortable room here for the lady ?” he asked me. 

‘‘She can rest in my own room,” interposed the school-master, who 
had come down somewhat officiously on hearing the noise. 

“Very well,” said the Englishman. “This young lady stayed in 
Ciudad Rodrigo longer than she should, and tried to overtake us. Her 
rashness has already given us much anxiety. I shall have the chief 
surgeon of the army come and see her.” 

“ I want no surgeons,” said the unknown ; “ I have no injury worth 
mention, — only a slight bruise on my forehead and another on my left 
arm.” 

She said this as she was going up-stairs leaning on my arm. Once 
up, she sank into a chair in the first room, and drew a long breath. 

“ I owe this gentleman my life,” she said, pointing to me. “ It was 
wonderful.” 

“ I am very glad to see you, my dear Senor Araceli,” said the Eng- 
lishman to me. “We have not seen each other since last year. You 
remember me, don’t you — there in Cadiz ?” 

“ I remember you perfectly.” 

“You went with Blake’s expedition, and we did not see each other 
because you concealed yourself after the duel in which you killed Lord 
Gray.” 

The Englishwoman looked at me with profound interest and curi- 
osity. 

“ Is this the gentleman she began. 

“ The same of whom I told you a few days ago,” answered Parr. 

“ Would that the libertine who brought misfortune to so many 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 733 

families in England and Spain had always met men like you ! Your 
conduct has been noble beyond these times.’’ 

“ To give you a correct idea of that occurrence,” I said, certainly 
with no great pride in my exploit, it would be necessary for me to 
explain some of the ” 

I can assure you that before making your acquaintance, before 
you had rendered me the service which I have just received from you, 
I felt a great admiration for you.” 

I said all that modesty and the situation would allow. 

“ Well, then,” said Parr to me, this lady is to lodge here? It is 
out of the question where I am : there are seven of us in a single 
room.” 

I have already said that I would place mine at her disposition, 
and it is fit for Sir Arthur himself,” said Forfolleda ; that was the 
school-master’s name. 

In that case she will do very well here.” 

Sir Thomas Parr then talked at some length in English with the 
fair unknown, and afterwards took his departure. It caused me no 
little surprise that her fellow-countrymen should thus leave that 
beautiful woman, who doubtless had a husband or brother in the 
army ; but,” I said to myself, “ it must be the English way.” To her 
I said, — 

I will now withdraw, madam, in order that you may rest. Com- 
mand my services for the morning, or even for to-night. If you 
would like word sent to your husband, — or if he is in Picton’s division, 
in some other village ” 

Officer,” she said, I have no husband : I am unmarried.” 

This put the finishing touch to my surprise, and I could answer 
her only stammeringly. 

A fine kind of creature this must be that has been hanging on 
my arm!” said I to myself. ^^The French take loose women with 
them, but I did not suppose that the English ” 

“Yes, I am unmarried,” she said, with perfect coolness. “You 
are astonished to see a young lady like me on a field of battle in a 
foreign land and away from her family. You must know that I came 
to Spain with my brother, who was an officer of engineers in Hill’s 
division, and who perished in the bloody battle of Albuera. After 
sending the body of the poor soldier to England for burial, I was 
about to return to my native land ; but I found myself so captivated 
by the history, the legends, the manners, the literature, the arts, the 
ruins, the popular music, the balls, and the costumes of this nation, 
so great in other days and again great in the present crisis, that 1 
determined to stay here to study it all, and, having received the consent 
of my parents, I have done so.” 

“ God only knows what kind of a bird you are,” said I to myself : 
then to her, “ And your parents consented, without reflecting on the 
great and continual peril to which they were exposing a delicate and 
unprotected girl in a foreign country and in the midst of an army ! 
Madam, in God’s name ” 

“ Ah, you are doubtless unacquainted with our English laws, which 


734 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


throw such a protection around the daughters of England that no man 
would dare to be lacking in respect for us.” 

Yes, they tell me that such is the case in England. I understand 
that young ladies go out alone to walk, and travel alone or in the com- 
pany of some male escort.” 

It might be one’s lover : that would make no difference,” said the 
English girl. 

But we are in Spain, madam, — in Spain ! You do not know the 
country into which you have ventured.” 

But I am with the allied army and am protected by English 
law,” she said, smiling. “Sir, if you were to forget yourself and 
endeavor to make love to me in a less decorous way than that you fol- 
lowed in the case of the Dulcinea who was the cause of Lord Gray’s 
death, Lord Wellington would have you shot, if you should refuse to 
marry me.” 

“ But I would marry you, madam.” 

“ Sir, I perceive that, perhaps without intending it, you are begin- 
ning to act improperly.” 

“ Then I would not marry you, madam ; I would not marry you. 
Pray allow me to withdraw.” 

“ You may do so,” she said, rising with difficulty to close the door. 
“ I will thank you to have my travelling-case brought in the morning. 
It is in the convoy.” 

“ It shall be brought. Good-night, madam.” 


VI. 

The lock clicked as soon as I was out of the room. I withdrew to 
my sleeping-room, which was the corner of a dark passage-way where 
Tribaldos had fixed me up a rough bed on the floor. For a good part 
of the night I was unable to sleep, in such a whirl was my brain with 
the strange Englishwoman, her fall, her fainting, and her beauty. 

In the morning, Senora Forfolleda told me that the little blonde 
lady was better, that she had asked for water and tea and food, and 
had plenty of money to pay for everything. As I was sallying forth 
to attend to my many duties, I met Sir Thomas Parr, whom I charged 
with the business of the travelling-case. When I returned to the 
Forfolleda house late in the afternoon, so tired out with the day’s work 
that I had almost forgotten the interesting lady, I saw a great many 
Englishmen passing in and out, like faithful friends going to inquire 
after the health of their countrywoman. 

I went in to pay my respects, and found the room filled with scarlet 
uniforms. The young Englishwoman was laughing and jesting, and 
was looking so fresh and pretty, even without a change of dress, that 
she scarcely seemed the same person I had seen the night before. Her 
bruised arm she carried a little stiffly. After we had exchanged greet- 
ings, and I had bowed with distant courtesy to the gentlemen present, 
one of them invited her to go out for a stroll. But she declared that 
she would not go out till the next day. Then followed a conversation 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


735 


full of raillery, in the course of which she never once recognized the 
existence of her rescuer. As soon as night fell, lights were brought 
in, and after the lights a couple of teapots. This brought joy to all 
faces, and they immediately began to sip with such eagerness that the 
least capacious must have swallowed a small river of the liquor of 
China. Then bottles of sherry were fetched, and emptied in a twink- 
ling, though no one relaxed his features for an instant. We drank to 
England and to Spain, and about nine oMock we all withdrew. The 
lovely being affably bade us good-night, but did not single me out 
from the rest by so much as a glance or a gesture. 

Persistent wakefulness tormented me as cruelly that night as the 
foregoing ; but I had almost conquered it when the click of the lock 
in the well-known door made me start from my bed. The door was 
fully visible from my corner, and I saw the Englishwoman come out 
and walk along the hall. The light streamed out through the opened 
door so as to illuminate all that part of the house. She opened a 
window and looked out. As I was already dressed, it was but a 
moment’s work to get up and walk towards her. I stepped lightly, so 
as not to startle her. She turned her face as I came to her side, and, 
to my great surprise, it did not alter a muscle at the sight of me. On 
the contrary, it was with the most imperturbable calmness that she 
said, — 

Are you walking about here? The heat in that room was in- 
tolerable.” 

“ So it was in mine, senora,” I said. ‘‘ When I caught sight of 
you I was thinking of going for a walk to breathe the fresh night 
air.” 

I was thinking of the same thing myself. It is a beautiful night. 
You were thinking of going out, then ?” 

Yes, senora ; but, if you will allow me, I will have the honor of 
attending you.” 

Very well ; I will go, too,” she said, with vivacity, yet with per- 
fect simplicity. 

Going quickly into her room, she brought back a cloak, in which 
she asked me to wrap her carefully, as she could not do it herself with 
her injured arm. I did so, and then we went out together. She did 
not take my arm ; we were like two friends going for a walk. 

Suddenly, and without heeding a perfunctory remark of mine, the 
Englishwoman said, — 

I am sure that you are a nobleman, sefior. To what family do 
you belong? Are you a Pacheco, a Varga, a Toledo, an Enriquez, an 
Acufia, or a Davila ?” 

Neither, senora,” I replied, hiding in my cloak the smile I could 
not repress. ‘‘ I am one of the Aracelis of Andalusia, who are de- 
scended, as you must be aware, from Hercules himself.” 

“ From Hercules? No, I did not know that,” she replied, simply. 
‘^Have you been taking part in the campaign for a long time?” 

Ever since it began, senora.” 

You are brave and generous, without doubt,” she said, looking 
fixedly at my face. It is easy to see in your countenance that you 


736 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


hove in your veins the blood of those famous knights who were the 
astonishment and envy of Europe for centuries.’^ 

Seiiora, you are too kind.” 

‘^Tell me, do you know the use of all knightly arms? Can you 
master a wild steed, strike a bull to the earth with a blow, play the 
guitar, and make verses?” 

I cannot deny that I can do some of those things.” 

After a slight pause, she stopped, and asked me brusquely, — 

“And are you in love?” 

I did not know what to say for a moment. Then I decided to let 
the conversation go wherever the fantasy of my fair friend chose to 
carry it, and replied, — 

“How could it be otherwise, seeing that I am a Spaniard, and 
young, and a soldier ?” 

“ I see that you are surprised at my manner of talking to you,” 
she added. “You are astonished at the liberty I take, at these un- 
usual inquiries of mine ; perhaps you think evil of me ” 

“ Oh, no, senora.” 

“ But my honor does not depend upon your thought of me. You 
would be stupid if you believed all this to be anything but the curi- 
osity of an Englishwoman, — the curiosity, I might almost say, of an 
artist and a traveller. The customs and characters of this country are 
worthy of the profoundest study.” 

“ So, then, what you want is to study me,” I said to myself. “ Very 
well ; let us make up our minds to be a text-book.” 

“You must excuse my curiosity. It was clear, of course, that 
having killed Gray out of jealousy you must have been in love. And 
does your lady dwell in a castle in this part of the country, or in a 
palace in Andalusia? Is she of noble blood like you?” 

When I heard this I perceived that I had to do with an excited 
and romantic imagination, and a spirit of mischief took possession of 
me. I had no thought of making fun of her, as, aside from her senti- 
mentalism, there was nothing ridiculous about her; but my nature 
prompted me to follow up the joke, so to speak, and fall in with the 
caprices of so false but engaging an ideal fancy. So it was with a 
certain romantic emphasis that I answered, — 

“ Noble she is indeed, sefiora, and most beautiful. But of what 
avail is it for me to possess in her a miracle of perfection, as long as a 
cruel fate constantly separates me from her? What would you think, 
senora, if I were to tell you that a wicked enchanter has transformed 
her into a cheap actress, going about the villages with a travelling 
company ?” 

This was clearly drawing it a little too strong. 

“ Why, what is this, sir?” said the Englishwoman, in amazement. 
“ Are there still enchantments in Spain ?” 

“ Not exactly enchantments,” said I, trying to take in sail, “ but 
there are infernal practices, or at least tricks and snares of wicked 
men.” 

“ But, even so, I cannot understand how your lady could be trans- 
formed into an actress.” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


737 


But such is the fact, seiiora. If I were to tell you all that went 
before this transformation, I do not doubt that you would feel a great 
deal of pity for me.” 

“ Where are the enchanter and his victim ?” 

‘‘ In Salamanca.” 

“ They might as well be in the other world. Salamanca is in the 
power of the French.” 

But we shall take it.” 

You say that as if it were the easiest thing in the world.” 

So it is. Do not laugh at my impatience ; but if the whole 
allied army were to disappear, and I were to remain here alone ” 

You would go alone and capture the city, you mean to say?” 

Ah, sefiora, a man who is in love does not know what he says. 
I admit that it was absurd.” 

Comparatively absurd,” she replied. “ But now I see that you 
are mocking me. You have fallen in love with an actress and are 
trying to pass her off for a great lady.” 

“ When we enter Salamanca I can convince you that I am in 
earnest.” 

“ I have no doubt that there are pretty actresses in the country,” 
she said, laughing. company crossed our road two days ago. 

There were seven or eight actors, and, in fact, they said they were 
going to Salamanca.” 

You tell me nothing I did not know,” I answered. Seiiora, 
have you heard it said when Lord Wellington intends to throw our 
troops upon Salamanca?” 

‘‘You are impatient. I want to know another thing. Do you 
love your Dulcinea in a sublime and ideal manner? Have you made 
sacrifices for her, encountered perils and conquered obstacles ?” 

“ In countless number ; but that is nothing compared with what 
remains for me to do.” 

“ What is that ?” 

“ An action so dangerous as to be madness itself. But I shall 
accomplish it or die.” 

“ Be calm. The allies will take Salamanca, and then in the easiest 
way ” 

“ When the allies take the city, my enemy and his victim will have 
fled away towards France. He is no fool. I must go to Salamanca 
beforehand.” 

“ Before it is captured !” she exclaimed. 

“ Why not ?” 

“ Sir,” she said, suddenly pausing in her walk, “ I perceive that 
you are making fun of me.” 

“ I, senora !” 

“ Yes ; you describe to me a knightly adventure which is pure 
invention and fable.” 

“ My dear senora, you must ” 

“ Have the goodness to accompany me to my lodging. The odor 
of these pine-trees is sickening.” 

“ Certainly, if you wish it.” 

VoL. LV.— 47 


738 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


I confess — why should I not? — that I was a little nettled. The 
elegant Englishwoman did not speak another word to me all the way 
back, and only gave me a hurried good-night when we reached her 
room, within which she quickly locked herself. 


VII. 

I rose very early the next morning, and, without giving a thought to 
the beautiful Englishwoman, as if the night had swept my brain clear 
of all the cobwe& spun there the day before, marched briskly from my 
lodgings. 

‘‘We are off for San Muiioz,’^ I was told by Figueroa, a Portu- 
guese officer who was a friend of mine, serving under General Picton. 

“ How about the duke 

“ He is going, too, but I don’t know where. Graham’s division is 
formed on Tamames. We are to form the left wing of Don Carlos 
Espaila’s division.” 

While we were going to head-quarters, I asked him about the strange 
English lady, and he told me, — 

“ That is Miss Athenais Fly. She is a daughter of Lord Fly, one 
of the leading nobles of Great Britain. She has followed us all the 
way from Albuera, painting churches, castles, and ruins, and writing 
down everything that happens. The duke and the other English 
generals treat her with the greatest consideration, and if you want to 
have a good time I advise you to try showing Sefiorita Fly the least 
want of respect.” 

Thereupon I told him of the occurrences of the preceding night, 
and especially of the walk which Miss Fly and I had taken together 
in the solitude of the night. This caused Figueroa the greatest sur- 
prise. 

“ It is the first time,” he said, “that the dear little blonde has had 
anything whatever to do with a Spanish or Portuguese officer. Up to 
the present she has looked upon the lot of us with the loftiest scorn.” 

“ I should have taken her for a person of decidedly free and easy 
manners.” 

“ So you might, for she goes by herself, rides horseback, passes in 
and out of the army, talks with all sorts of men, inspects the advanced 
positions before battle, and visits the hospitals after. In her leisure 
moments she does nothing but read the old Spanish romances.” 

When we reached head-quarters we found Carlos Espafia out. 

“Espana is at head-quarters-general,” we were told by General 
Sdnchez. 

“ Is not Lord Wellington to march ?” 

“ It seems he is to remain here, but we are to set out for San 
Mufioz within an hour.” 

“Let us go to the duke’s lodgings,” said Figueroa: “we can find 
out something definite there.” 

Lord Wellington was lodged in the public building of the town, 
the only house large enough to entertain decorously so distinguished a 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


739 


person. The court -yard, the archway, the vestibule, and the staircase 
were filled with a crowd of officers of* all ranks, Spanish, English, and 
Portuguese, who were coming and going, and forming little groups 
here and there, disputing and joking in as friendly intimacy as if they 
all belonged to a single family. Figueroa and I mounted the stairs, 
and, after spending more than an hour and a half in the waiting-room, 
Espana came out and said to us, — 

‘‘ The general-in-chief is asking if there isn’t a Spanish officer who 
would dare to disguise himself and get into Salamanca. He wants a man 
to go in there to examine the forts and the temporary works they have 
thrown up, to report on their artillery, and to find out how large the 
garrison is and what is the state of their provisions.” 

I will do it,” said I, with a sudden resolve, not even waiting for 
the general to finish what he was saying. 

‘‘You!” exclaimed Espana, disdainfully. “ You mean to say that 
you would venture on such a hazardous enterprise? Remember that 
you must come back as well as go.” 

“ So I supposed.” 

“ It will be necessary to penetrate the enemy’s lines : the French 
hold all the villages this side of the Tormes.” 

“ I will get in the best way I can, general.” 

“Then you will have to get by the fortifications, beyond the 
forts ; you will have to go into the city, visit the barracks, draw up 
plans ” 

“ All that will be pure recreation for me, general. Get in, observe, 
come out, — a mere diversion, I assure you. Have the kindness to 
present me to the duke and tell him that I am at his orders for what- 
ever he wants.” 

“You will never do for the job,” said Don Carlos. “We shall 
have to find somebody else. You do not know a word of geometry 
nor of the science of fortification.” 

“ You see if I don’t,” I said, getting angry. 

“Well, some one must go; it is absolutely necessary,” he said. 
“ The duke has not yet formed his plan of battle. He has not decided 
whether to assault Salamanca or to besiege it. He has not made up 
his mind whether to cross the Tormes to fall upon Marmont, leaving 
Salamanca in his rear, or whether You say you are ready to go ?” 

“ To be sure I do. I will disguise myself as a peasant and will 
get into Salamanca pretending to sell vegetables or charcoal. General,” 
I added, impetuously, “ present me to the duke, or I will present myself 
to him.” 

“ Come on, come on this minute,” was Espaiia’s reply, leading me 
into the reception-room. 


VIII. 

The Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo was at a large table placed in the 
centre of the room. With three other generals, he was studying a map 
of the country, and was so absorbed in tracing out the lie of the land 
that he did not raise his head to look at us. Don Carlos motioned to 


740 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


me that we must wait, and meanwhile I cast my eyes around the room. 
Some other officers were at one side of the room, talking in a low voice, 
and among them, to my intense surprise, I saw Miss Fly chatting with 
a colonel of artillery, named Simpson. 

At last Lord Wellington lifted his eyes from the map and glanced 
at us. He nodded affably, and then he fixed his gaze upon me in par- 
ticular, scrutinizing me from head to foot. I, in my turn, observed 
him at my ease, delighted to have before me a person so much beloved 
by all Spaniards, and for whom I had so great an admiration. He 
was a tall man, with light hair and a face reddened by the sun, — 
not by the cause to which the bright color of the English is commonly 
attributed. One knows how it is proverbial in England that the only 
great man who never lost his dignity after dinner is the conqueror of 
Tippoo Sahib and Bonaparte. 

Wellington was then forty-three, exactly the same age as Napoleon. 
The sun of India and of Spain had destroyed the whiteness of his 
Saxon face. His nose, as I have said before, was large and slightly 
reddened ; but his forehead, where it was protected from the sun by 
his hat, was white, and as beautiful and calm as that of a Greek statue, 
suggesting an intellect never disturbed or febrile, an imagination under 
thorough control, and great power of reflection and calculation. The 
generaFs large blue eyes had a cold glance, vaguely resting upon the 
object under observation, and closely noting without apparent interest. 
His voice was full, but even and measured, and his whole mode of 
expressing himself, with gesture, voice, and eye, was fitted to win him 
respect and affection. 

He looked me over, as I said, and then Don Carlos Espana 
spoke : 

‘^General, this young man wishes to undertake the commission of 
which your Excellency was speaking to me a little while ago. 1 can 
vouch for his courage and loyalty ; but I tried to dissuade him from 
the enterprise, because he is not a regularly educated officer.’’ 

This statement brought me the more shame because Miss Fly was 
standing by ; but the fact was that I had never studied in a military 
academy. 

•^^For this commission,” said Wellington, in very good Spanish, ^^a 
certain amount of technical knowledge is necessary.” 

He turned away and fixed his eyes upon the map. I looked at 
Espana, and Espaila looked at me. Humiliated as I was, I neverthe- 
less took a sudden resolution, and, without stopping to commend 
myself to God or the devil, I said, — 

General, it is true that I have never been in an academy, but a 
long experience in war and battles, especially in sieges, has perhaps 
given me the knowledge which your Excellency requires for this com- 
mission. I know how to draw up a plan.” 

The Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo lifted his eyes again, and said, — 

I have no lack of skilled officers, but no Englishman could enter 
Salamanca, as he would immediately be discovered by his face and 
language. It must be a Spaniard who goes.” 

General,” said the fatuous Espafla, there are plenty of trained 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


741 


officers in my division. I brought in this young man because he in- 
sisted upon getting a chance to tell your Excellency of his valor.^’ 

I gave Don Carlos an indignant glance, and then exclaimed, with 
great vehemence, — 

‘‘ General, whatever may be the perils of this enterprise, however 
great may be its difficulties, I undertake to get into Salamanca and to 
bring back to your Excellency whatever information you may desire.^^ 

With the most imperturbable calmness Lord Wellington asked 
me, — 

‘^Officer, where did you begin your military career?” 

“ At Trafalgar,” I answered. 

At the sound of this historic and glorious word, every eye in the 
room was fixed on me with the keenest interest. 

^‘Then you have been a sailor?” continued the duke. 

I was present at that fight when but fourteen years of age. I 
was a friend of an officer on board the Trinidad, and the heavy losses 
suffered by the crew obliged me to do my part in the conflict.” 

And when did you begin to serve in the campaign against the 
French ?” 

*^On May 2, 1808, general. I escaped miraculously from the 
horrors of that day.” 

‘‘Have you been enlisted ever since?” 

“I enlisted in the regiment of Andalusian volunteers, and was 
present at the battle of Bailen.” 

“At the battle of Bailen also !” said Wellington, with surprise. 

“Yes, general, on July 19, 1808. Does your Excellency wish to 
see my commission, which dates from that day ?” 

“No, I am satisfied,” responded Wellington. “And what next?” 

“I returned to Madrid, and took part in the engagement of 
December 3. I was taken prisoner.” 

“Did they carry you off to France?” 

“ No, general, for I escaped at Lerma, and brought up in Saragossa 
so luckily that I had part in the second siege of that immortal city.” 

“The whole of the siege?” said Wellington, showing increasing 
interest in me. 

“ The whole of it.” 

“ And then what army did you join ?” 

“ The army of the centre, and was for a long time under orders of 
the Duke of Parque. I was present at the battle of Tamames.” 

“ Were you never in another siege?” 

“ Yes, general, the siege of Cadiz.” 

“ Then you must have been with General Blake’s expedition to 
Valencia ?” 

“ I was, general, but in the second corps, under the command of 
O’Donnell. After that I served for four months under the Empeci- 
nado, in that guerilla warfare in which one learns so much.” ^ 

“ So you have been a guerilla, too ?” said Wellington, smiling. “ I 
see that you have richly earned your promotion. You shall go to 
Salamanca if you desire to.” 

“ SeHor, I desire to most ardently.” 


742 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


“ Very well,” added the hero of Talavera, looking alternately at 
me and at the map. This is what you must do. This very day you 
must set out for Salamanca disguised, making a circuit so as to enter 
by Cabrerizos. Necessarily you will have to pass through the troops 
of Marmont, who are guarding the roads by Ledesma and Toro. 
There are many chances that you will be shot as a spy ; but God pro- 
tects the brave, and perhaps you will succeed in getting into the city. 
Once inside, you will make a sketch of the fortifications, giving the 
greatest possible attention to the convents which have been converted 
into forts, the buildings which have been torn down, the artillery 
which defends the approaches to the city, the condition of the in- 
trenchments, the earth-works, — everything, absolutely everything, not 
forgetting the provisions which the enemy has in his storehouses.” 

General,” I replied, I understand what you want, and I hope 
to satisfy you. When must I set out?” 

‘‘At once. We are now twelve leagues from Salamanca. After 
the march which I hope to make to-day, we shall pass the night at 
Castro verde, near Valmuza. But by going ahead on horseback you 
can get into the city by day after to-morrow, Tuesday. All day 
Tuesday you will give to the discharge of the commission I have con- 
fided to you, and on Wednesday morning you can set out on your 
return to head-quarters, which will surely be at Bernuy on that day. 
At Bernuy, then, I shall expect you on Wednesday precisely at twelve 
o’clock. I like to be punctual.” 

“ Agreed, general. At twelve on Wednesday I shall be at Bernuy 
on my return.” 

“ Use all precautions. Disguise yourself carefully, and when you 
make sketches do it as secretly as possible. Take arras with you, well 
concealed, but don’t get into any quarrels. In a word, bring all your 
talent into play, with all the knowledge of men and of war which you 
have acquired in your many years of active military service. The 
quartermaster-general will give you the money you need.” 

“ General,” I said, “ is that all your Excellency has to command 
me?” 

“That is all,” he replied, smiling kindly, “except to say that I 
worship punctuality, and consider a careful estimate and distribution 
of time as the origin of success in war.” 

“ You mean that if I am not back by Wednesday at twelve I shall 
displease your Excellency ?” 

“Very greatly. You can do what I have indicated in the time 
assigned. Two hours for making the sketches, two for visiting the 
forts, under pretence of selling the soldiers something, four for traversing 
the whole town and taking note of the buildings which have been 
destroyed, two for surmounting unforeseen obstacles, and half an hour 
for rest. That makes ten and a half hours of daylight on Tuesday. 
The first half of the night is to be devoted to studying the spirit of 
the city, finding out what the garrison and the people think of this 
campaign ; then you have an hour for sleep, and the rest of the night 
for getting out of sight and reach of the enemy. If you do not loiter 
on the way you can meet me at Bernuy at the hour fixed.” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


743 


I am at your orders, general,” I said, preparing to withdraw. 

Lord Wellington, the greatest man in Great Britain, the rival of 
Napoleon, the hope of Europe, victor at Talavera, at Arroyo Molinos, 
at Albuera and Ciudad Rodrigo, rose from his seat, and, with a grave 
courtesy and cordiality which flooded my inmost soul with pride and 
joy, gave me his hand, which I pressed between mine with gratitude. 

Then I went out to arrange for my journey. 


IX. — X 

An hour later I was in the house of some laborers, bargaining for 
clothes, when I felt a light touch on my shoulder. I turned, and Miss 
Fly, for she it was, said to me, — 

Sir, I have been looking for you an hour.” 

“ Senora, the preparations necessary for my journey have prevented 
me from going to place my services at your disposal.” 

Miss Fly did not hear my last words, for all her attention was 
fixed upon the peasant woman, who, on her part, while nursing a tiny 
baby, did not take her eyes ofi* the Englishwoman. 

Senora,” said the latter, could you procure for me some clothes 
such as you have on ?” 

The woman did not understand Miss Fly’s imperfect Spanish, and 
looked at her in a stupid way without answering. 

Senorita Fly,” I said, ^^do you mean to say that you are going 
to dress yourself like a peasant woman ?” 

Yes,” she replied, smiling mischievously. I mean to go with 

vou.” 

With me!” 

Certainly, with you. I mean to disguise myself and go with you 
to Salamanca,” she added, coolly, taking out some money in order to 
make the woman understand. 

Senora,” I said, I can only believe that you have gone crazy. 
Go with me to Salamanca, go with me on this perilous expedition 
from which no one knows whether I shall come back alive !” 

« Why not ? Must I not go because there is danger ? Sir, what 
reason have you for thinking I am a coward ?” 

But it is impossible, senora, it is simply impossible that you 
should go with me,” I said, with emphasis. 

Well, I must say I did not think you so rude. You are one of 
those who shrink from everything outside the ordinary routine of life. 
Can you not understand that a woman may have courage to encounter 
perils in order to do service to a holy cause ?” 

Quite the contrary, sefiora. I understand that a woman like you 
is capable of wonderful exploits, and at this moment I have nothing 
but the sincerest admiration for Miss Fly ; but the commission which 
takes me to Salamanca is one of extreme delicacy. It demands that 
there should be no one at my side, least of all a lady who cannot dis- 
guise herself by concealing her foreign speech and noble bearing.” 

Why can’t I disguise myself?” 


744 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


“ Very well, senora,’^ I said, unable to restrain my laughter : begin 
by taking off your riding-skirt and putting on such a roll of cloth as 
you see before you/^ 

Miss Fly gazed with astonishment at the peculiar garb of the peasant 
woman. 

Next,’’ I added, take down your beautiful golden hair and tie 
it up into a great knot with ribbons on the top of your head, and 
arrange two curls like cart-wheels in front of your ears. Then put on 
the velvet waist, and finally cover your lovely shoulders with that 
garment most difficult of all to manage, the rebozo.” 

Athenais looked thoroughly displeased as she watched the woman 
bringing these treasures out of a chest. 

Then you must put on those low shoes over open-work silk stock- 
ings, and crown all with the girdle and mantilla which you see.” 

Miss Fly looked at me angrily enough as she realized the impos- 
sibility of disguising herself as a peasant woman. 

^^Very well,” she declared, scornfully, ‘‘I will go without any 
disguise. Really, there is no need of any, as I know Colonel Des- 
marets, and he will let me into the city. I saved his life at Albuera. 
And just think, my acquaintance with him may be very useful to you.” 

Senora,” I said, very seriously, the honor and pleasure which 
your company would give me are so great that I do not know how to 
express my sense of them. But I am not going to a festival, senora : 
I am going into danger. Besides, if this fact has no weight with such 
a person as you, do you care nothing for the disrepute into which you 
would be brought, — you, a lady of noble birth, going with a man 
whom nobody knows through unfrequented paths and waste places?” 

“ A fine idea of honor you must have !” she exclaimed, with noble 
pride. “ Either your acts belie you, or your sentiments are far inferior 
to your acts. For Heaven’s sake, do not drag yourself down to the 
level of the common herd, or you will make me hate you. I say I 
shall go with you to Salamanca.” 

With no further answer to my reasonable remarks, she started off 
towards head-quarters, while I went in the direction of my lodgings, 
in order to transform myself from an officer of the army into the most 
thorough peasant that was ever seen in the region about Salamanca. 


X. 

‘^Well, Seiior Araceli, you’re off on your campaign at last,” I said 
to myself. ‘‘By twelve on Wednesday you must be back at Bernuy. 
A fine piece of work I’ve got myself into ! If that Englishwoman 
persists in her freak of going with me, I am a lost man. But I won’t 
have it ; and if she won’t listen to reason I shall report her to the 
general-in-chief, and he will put a reef in the sails of his audacious 
countrywoman.” 

I was not vain enough to imagine that Athenais had any particular 
fondness for me personally ; but, supposing she might have, I resolved 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


745 


to adopt a sure means of freeing myself from even the agreeable per- 
secution of a lovely woman. So, without a word to a soul, I hurried 
out of Sancti-Spiritus and soon got ahead of the vanguard of the army, 
which was at that moment getting under march for San Muiioz. 

But judge of my surprise when, a short time after having got free 
of the troops, and while I was spurring on my horse, I heard behind 
me the sharp rattle of wheels, the galloping of a steed, and the swishing 
of a whip. I turned, and saw none other than Miss Fly herself, in an 
indescribable sort of carriage, as decrepit as the one in which she had 
been run away with. She was holding the reins herself, and there was 
no one with her but a boy from Sancti-Spiritus. As she drew up along- 
side me she gave a shout of triumph. 

I have caught up with you she exclaimed, gleefully. “ If 
Mrs. Mitchell had not lent me her carriage, I should have come on a 
gun-carriage, Senor Araceli.’’ 

I began again to expostulate with her, but she broke in, — 

What a great pleasure this gives one ! This is truly life, liberty, 
and independence ! We will go to Salamanca. I suspect that you 
are planning to do more there than attend to Lord Wellington’s com- 
mission, but your private affairs do not concern me. Sir, you must 
know that I despise you.” 

“ But what have I done to deserve it ?” I asked, pulling down my 
horse to the gait of hers. 

What have you done? Why, to call this scheme of mine a crazy 
one. You have no better word to describe the delightful emotions 
produced by a future peril.” 

I acknowledge your manly spirit, but what can you find to do in 
Salamanca worthy of your abilities ? I am going as a spy ; but there 
is nothing sublime about spying.” 

“ Do you expect me to believe,” she said, with a mischievous air, 
“that you are going to Salamanca solely for the sake of Lord Wel- 
lington’s commission ?” 

“ Most assuredly.” 

“ One does not seek a purely patriotic service with so great eager- 
ness. Remember what you told me about the person with whom you 
are in love, and who you said was imprisoned or enchanted in the 
city whither we are going.” 

A smile rose to my lips, but I repressed it, and said, — 

“ That is true ; biit I may have no time to attend to my individual 
concerns.” 

“ On the contrary,” said she, with the greatest archness, “you won’t 
attend to anything else. Might one know, Seflor Araceli, who is a 
certain countess who writes to you from Madrid ?” 

“How do you know that?” I asked, in amazement. 

« Why, just before I left the Forfolleda house, an officer came up 
with a letter which he had received for you. I looked at it and saw 
a coat of arms. Thereupon your orderly said, ‘ Here’s another letter 
from my lady the countess.’ ” 

“ And I’ve come off without getting that letter ! I must go back 
this moment.” 


746 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


But Miss Fly detained me with a most charming gesture, saying, 
with inimitable emphasis, — 

“ Be not impetuous, youthful soldier. Here is your letter.” 

I took it from her and opened and read it on the spot. In it the 
countess simply told me that, through Marchena, she had just learned 
that our enemy was preparing to set out from Plasencia for Salamanca. 

It seems to contain important news,” said Athenais. 

Nothing that I did not know already. The anxious mother urges 
me to restore to her the treasure of which she has been robbed.” 

That letter is from the mother of the enchanted damsel. You in- 
vent fine stories, sir, but they do not impose upon persons of discretion.” 

I glanced the letter over, and then gave it to Miss Fly to read. 

I know the person who signs this,” she said. I became ac- 
quainted with the countess in Puerto de Santa Maria.” 

‘^In January, 1810, senora?” 

Precisely. And she told me that you were her guardian angel, — 
that she owed her life to you, — that she would give all the glories 
of her house for your courage, your noble heart, and your lofty senti- 
ments.” 

Did she really say that ?” 

Yes, and she also said that she had complete confidence in you, 
and believed you would come out successful from the great undertaking 
you had in hand. She said that Ines, — so, then, her name is Ines ? — 
with all her worth and beauty, seemed to her but a poor reward for 
your constancy.” 

Miss Fly handed me back the letter. She seemed inflamed with a 
kind of sweet excitement, and carried away by an irresistible enthu- 
siasm. 

Sir,” she exclaimed, with lyric exaltation, this is most beautiful, 
so beautiful that it scarcely appears real. What I was suspecting, 
though it has only now been revealed in its completeness, is as attrac- 
tive as all the inventions of the romances. It appears, then, that you 
are going to Salamanca to attempt ” 

‘‘ The impossible.” 

“ Rather say two impossibles,” said Athenais, still more excitedly, 

for Wellington's commission alone Why, Senor Araceli, Colonel 

Simpson told me that there were ninety-nine chances to one that you 
would be shot.” 

Heaven will preserve me, senora.” 

I believe it. Heaven will preserve you. You are acting nobly. 
I approve your conduct, and I will aid you.” 

“ Do you still insist on that ?” 

Most remarkable occurrence !” she went on, paying no attention 
to my inquiry. How it captivates me ! Only in Spain could be 
found something to inflame one's whole heart like this. A young girl 
a captive, a loyal knight who despises all kinds of danger and goes 
in search of her, boldly entering the citadel of an enemy and hoping 
by his unaided valor and the resources of his own wit to snatch the 

beloved object from the savage hands that now imprison her Oh, 

what a lovely adventure! It is as charming as a romance.” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


747 


Are you fond of romances and adventures, seilora?” 

Fond of them ! I am enchanted by them, I am in love with 
them, I am carried away captive by them ! The old romances, — is 
there anything more beautiful or eloquent? I have read them, and I 
know them all. I have translated many of them into English, in 
prose and verse. I am passionately fond of reading them, but, ah ! I 
seek to find their counterparts in real life, but I never find them.’^ 

About this time the horse which was painfully drawing along the 
carriage of the poetical Athenais fell into a violent fit of coughing, 
and began to show signs of giving out. She paid no attention to this 
until the tired beast went down on his knees. 

Most respected fair one,” I said, “ here you have your real life. 
This horse cannot go a step farther.” 

What !” she exclaimed, angrily. He can go well enough. If 
he won’t, hitch your horse to the carriage, and we will ride in it 
together.” 

“ Impossible, sefiora, utterly impossible !” 

“ What a pity ! Mrs. Mitchell told me that the creature was good 
for nothing.” 

We helped the animal to his feet, and he struggled on for a few 
steps, only to fall again. 

“ It is of no use,” I said. Senora, I shall be compelled, much to 
my sorrow, to leave you.” 

‘‘To leave me !” In the Englishwoman’s eyes there was a flash 
of that anger which the poets attribute to the goddesses of antiquity. 

“Yes, senora; I am very sorry for it. Night is falling, and I am 
ten leagues away from Salamanca. By twelve on Wednesday I must 
be back in Bernuy. It is needless to say more.” 

“ Very well, sir,” she said, her lips trembling and bitter reproach 
in her glance. “ Proceed. I have not the slightest need of you.” 

“ My duty will not permit me to stay longer. The army will soon 
overtake us — there they come already ! I can see the advance guard 
on that hill. Simpson is in command, your friend Colonel Simpson. 
Therefore, with your permission — do not say, dear senora, that I am 
leaving you alone. There comes a horseman. It is Simpson himself.” 

Miss Fly looked back, half in anger, half in sadness. 

“ Good-by, my fair lady,” I cried, putting spurs to my horse. “ I 
can stay no longer. If I live, I will tell you all that happens to me.” 


XI. 

I kept going all that afternoon and a part of the night, sleeping a 
few hours in Castrejon. There I left my horse, and, having bought a 
lot of vegetables, with a most starved and melancholy donkey thrown 
in, I took up my journey again by a path which led, so they told me, 
into the Vitigudino road. This I reached by noon on Monday, but I 
kept out of it, striking through ravines and along rough cattle-tracks 
until I got to the Tormes. Fording this river, I came out on the 
Ledesma road, and was soon in the village of Villamayor. From some 


748 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


of the inhabitants whom I found playing games in a tavern I learned 
that the French allowed no one to enter the city without a safe-conduct 
given by themselves, and that even with this they would not let hucksters 
go where they could see the forts. 

“ I don’t want to go back to Salamanca, young fellow,” said the 
stout peasant who gave me this agreeable news, after inviting me to 
take a drink with him. It is only by a miracle that Baltasar Ciper^ 
— myself, I mean — is alive.” ' 

Why, how is that?” 

I’ll tell you. You see, they have ordered all the inhabitants of 
these villages to go and work on the fortifications. Any place that 
does not send men is punished by being sacked. It is well said that 
the devil is crafty. While the villagers are at work the soldiers are 
smoking and talking, and every few rods there is a sergeant stationed 
with a whip in his hand. He has a terribly sharp eye for any one 
who is lazy or who looks at the sky or talks to his neighbor. It’s a 
true proverb that the devil never sleeps. The minute one is a little 
careless, down it comes, crack !” 

‘‘ They are taking the measure of your shoulders.” 

“ I have hot blood,” added Ciperez, “ and do not consider that I 
was born to be a slave. I am a peasant who has some property, and 
am accustomed to give orders, not to be given a whipping. You 
can’t teach an old dog new tricks. So when the Lucifer began on 
me ” 

“ Well, if I were whipped I would do the same.” 

“ I shut my eyes. I could see nothing but blood, and went in 
among the lot of them. Baltasar Ciperez whipped by a Frenchman I 
I struck out wildly ; if I didn’t hit one I would another. Well, we had 
it hot and heavy for a quarter of an hour. You can see what I got.” 

He showed me his arm, bandaged and supported in a sling. 

“ Is that all? Why, I should think they would have hung you I” 

“ No, stupid, they didn’t hang me. They would have hung me, 
though, if a French soldier hadn’t taken my part. His name is 
Molichard, — a good fellow, though fond of his bottle. As we were 
good friends and had often had a cup together, he contrived to get me 
out of the calaboose and off by the Zamora gate. Poor Molichard, 
such a tippler, and such a good fellow !” 

“ Sefior Ciperez,” I said, “ I am going to Salamanca, but I have no 
safe-conduct. If you would furnish me with one ” 

“ What are you going there for ?” 

“ To sell these vegetables.” 

“ That’s a good business. They will give you their weight in 
gold.” The peasant looked at me somewhat suspiciously. “ Do you 
know where the English army is ?” he asked, with a piercing glance. 
“ The lion can be told from his claw.” 

“ It is near here, Sefior Ciperez. But are you going to give me the 
safe-conduct ?” 

“ You are not what you seem,” said the peasant, significantly. 
“ Hurrah for all good patriots, and death to the French, — all but 
Molichard I” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


749 


No matter what I am, will you give me the safe-conduct 

Baltasarillo,^^ he called, ‘‘ come here/’ 

A lively young man of twenty left the group of gamesters. 

“ It is my son,” said Ciperez. He’s the true stuff. — Baltasarillo, 
give me your safe-conduct.” 

‘^Why, if Ido ” 

No, you are not going to Salamanca to-morrow. You are going 
back with me to Escuernavacas. Didn’t you say that your mother was 
very lonely ?” 

Mother is afraid of the flies.” 

You must go home, I tell you. I’ll send you later with a little 
present for Molichard. Give me your safe-conduct.” 

The young man drew out the document, and his father gave it to 
me, saying,— ^ 

“With this paper your name is Baltasarillo Ciperez of Escuerna- 
vacas. It is all proper, for I got it myself two months ago, the last 
time my boy was in Salamanca.” 

“ I will pay you for it,” I said, putting my hand in my pocket 
after young Baltasar had stepped aside. 

“ Ciperez does not take money for a favor,” he said, proudly. “ I 
believe you are working for the country, eh ? In spite of your dress — 
well, a man with no cloak is as well off as the king or the Pope. We 
all stand together.” 

“ How will these villages receive the duke when he comes ?” 

“ Receive him ? Have you seen him ? Is he near here?” he asked, 
eagerly. 

“ If you want to see him, go on Wednesday to Bernuy.” 

“ Bernuy ! Why, being in Bernuy is the same as being in Sala- 
manca !” he exclaimed, with delight. “ The saying is, ^ Here Samson 
will fall,’ but I say, ‘ Here Marmont will fall, and all his men.’ Have 
you seen the students and the young fellows of Villamayor?” 

“ I have seen nothing, senor.” 

“ We have our arms,” he said, mysteriously. “ Let them catch our 
legs to try to shoe us, and they’ll see what they have hold of. When 
the duke sees us ” He drew me off to one side, and added, — 

“ It is the duke who is sending you to Salamanca, eh ? I was sure 
of it. Don’t be afraid. The man whose father is the judge can go 
into court boldly. All right, my friend ; you must know that we are 
all ready in these villages, though you might not think it. The very 
women will go out to fight.” 

“ Senor Ciperez,” I said, “ hurrah for all good patriots !” 

“ We’re only waiting for the Englishman in order to turn out, 
every man of us, with muskets, hatchets, picks, swords, and whatever 
we could lay our hands on and have got safely stored away.” 

“ Well, I’m off for Salamanca. Will they let me work on the 
fortifications ?” 

“It’s a ticklish business. And you remember the whip? Any- 
how, the villagers do not work on the forts any longer.” 

“Who, then?” 

“ The people of the city.” 


750 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


What do they do with the villagers 

They hang them if they think they are spies. When you break 
the egg you can tell whether it is good or not. But I am not afraid 
on my own account.^^ 

What about me, though ^ 

Courage, young man ! God is in heaven, and I am going right 
off to Valverdon, where two hundred students and more than four 
hundred villagers are waiting for me. Hurrah for our country and 
our king ! By the way, if it will do you any good in Salamanca, you 
can say that you are in search of old iron for your father Ciperez. 
Good-by.’^ 

Good-by, noble gentleman.” 

‘‘la gentleman ? That will hardly go. Good-by, my boy, and 
good luck. You know the road ? Straight ahead all the way. You 
will soon find the French ; but straight ahead, always straight ahead. 
The fox knows a lot, but he who catches him must know more.” 

The worthy Ciperez and I gave each other a hearty grip of the 
hand, and then I hurried on my way. 



I stopped in Cabrerizos for a short rest, late Monday night, and 
at daybreak next morning, when I was about to make my triumphal 
entry into the city, I ran upon the French. It was a detachment of 
dragoons acting as a convoy from Fuentesauco. Though I had no 
reason to think they would trouble me, I was fearful of some misfor- 
tune. But I concealed my anxiety, and went ahead shouting at my 
donkey and affecting to be relieving the loneliness of the road by jovial 
songs. 

My presentiment had not deceived me, for the invaders of my 
country thwarted my plans, though without meaning to, in a most 
lamentable manner. 

“ Fine vegetables you have,” said a corporal, reining up his horse 
beside my donkey. I pretended not to understand him, as he spoke 
in French, and did not even look at him. 

“ I say, stupid,” he cried, in wretched Spanish, at the same time 
striking me across the back with the flat of his sabre, “ are you taking 
these vegetables to Salamanca?” 

“Yes, senor,” I replied, putting on as stolid a look as possible. 

An officer stopped, and ordered the corporal to buy my whole load. 
“ All of them, — we’ll buy them all,” said the corporal, drawing out a 
greasy purse. ^^Gomhimf’ 

I shook my head. 

“ Aren’t you taking these to Salamanca to sell ?” 

“ No, sefior : they are for a present.” 

“ Go to the devil with your presents. We’ll buy the lot, and then, 
you idiot, you can go back at once to your village.” 

I saw that it would only arouse suspicions if I made any oppo- 
sition, and so I asked a pretty price for my vegetables, which were 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


751 


scarce enough at that time and place. The soldier fell into a fury and 
threatened to cut me neatly in two; then he raised his offer and I 
lowered my figure, and finally we made a bargain of it. I took my 
money, and, as my donkey now had no load, there was no apparent 
reason for my keeping on towards the city. I pressed straight on, 
however, till the corporal called out, — 

1 say, my fine fellow, aren’t you going back home ? I never saw 
such a stupid.” 

Seiior,” I replied, I am going to get a load of old iron for my 
donkey.” 

“ Have you a safe-conduct ?” 

Of course I have. I got one when I was in the city two months 
ago, on the king’s birthday. But, as I have no load now, perhaps they 
won’t let me go in ; and so if the Senor Corporal will let me go with 
him and tell them that he bought my vegetables, why, then I can get 
my old iron.” 

“Very well, ragbag, come along beside my horse. But I don’t 
know whether they will let you in ; for orders are very strict.” 

When we reached the Zamora gate the sentinel stopped me roughly 
enough. 

“ Let him go in,” said my corporal. “ I bought his vegetables, 
and he’s going to get a load of old iron.” 

The guard looked at me suspiciously, but seemed to find in my 
countenance that blessed stupidity which is customary in peasants who 
have passed their lives in the depths of the forests and the back 
country. 

“ These country clowns are very sharp,” he said. “ See here, Mon- 
sieur le Badaud, we have hung three spies this week.” 

I pretended not to understand, and he went on : 

“You may go in if you have a safe-conduct.” 

I showed him the document, and he allowed me to pass in. 

Zamora Street led me straight to a large square where all sorts 
of petty dealers had their stands. I looked about for an inn where 
I could leave my donkey, and soon found one which provided my 
friendly animal with straw and barley. The street upon which I 
stepped out was filled with a crowd of people, marching along under 
an escort of French soldiers, every man having a pick or a spade on his 
shoulder. 

“ They must be going to work on the fortifications,” I said to 
myself. I drew off to one side, lest any appearance of curiosity might 
arouse suspicion, and walked aimlessly through the streets till I came 
to a convent into which some artillery was being taken. Suddenly I 
felt a heavy hand upon my shoulder, and heard a voice saying to me, 
in broken Spanish, — 

“ Where’s your spade, laziness ? You come with me to the com- 
missary of police.” 

“ I am from the country,” I said. “ I came in with my donkey ” 

“ Come along, and we’ll find out who you are,” he broke in, look- 
ing at me sharply. “ If, for example, you should be a spy ” 

My first instinct was to refuse to go, but this would have been 


752 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


madness : so I put on an air of the greatest meekness and followed 
my captor. He was a lively little soldier, with black eyes and a 
swarthy face and a ludicrously bustling and pompous manner. He 
led me to an immense building, with its court-yard full of troops, and, 
stopping before a group of four huge soldiers in brilliant uniforms, he 
pointed to me with a triumphant air. 

What have you there, Tourlourou drawled the oldest of the four. 
A orapaud which I\e caught this minute.’^ 

I took off my hat and humbly bowed to the various soldiers. 

A crapaud r said the old officer, looking at me fiercely. Who 
are you 

Senor,” said I, this soldier has taken me for a spy. But I am 
from Escuernavacas, and my donkey is in an inn kept by a woman 
named Fabiana, and my name is Baltasar Ciperez, at your service. 
If you wish to hang me, hang me ; but what have I done, senores 

The officer said, imperturbably, “ Take this canaille away. Ser- 
geant Molichard, have this man shut up in the calaboose.’^ 

Up stepped a Frenchman tall as a pillar and straight as a pin, lean 
and tough and flexible as a piece of Indian cane, with a bronzed face, 
sharp eyes, black moustaches, and hands and feet of extraordinary 
size. When I heard his name a brilliant idea flashed through my 
brain, and, uttering an exclamation of surprise and joy, I ran to him, 
clasped him about the knees, and said, almost with tears, — 

Oh, dear Senor Molichard ! At last I have found you ! How I 
have searched for you without finding any one to tell me where you 
were ! Oh, how happy I am now 

I think the fellow must be crazy,” said the Frenchman, shaking 
me loose from his legs. 

‘‘Why, doift you know me?” I went on. “I am Baltasar 
Ciperez, — here’s my safe-conduct, — son of Baltasar whom they call 
Ciperez the rich. Blessings on you, Senor Molichard ! Here I am 
in Salamanca because my father sent me with a present for you.” 

“ A present !” exclaimed the sergeant, in surprise. 

“Yes, seilor, a trifling present, for what you did for my father 
could not be paid for by all the yield of his garden.” 

“ Vegetables ! Where are they ?” 

“ A corporal of dragoons took them from me on the way.” 

“A plague on the dragoons!” exclaimed my father’s protector. 

“ He forced me to sell them to him,” I went on ; “ but I can give 
you the money which he paid me ; and then the next trip I make to 
Salamanca I will bring two loads instead of one for Senor Molichard. 
But that is not the only present I was bringing you. My father and 
mother both thought that you deserved something better than vegetables, 
and so they gave me three doubloons to buy you some Nava wine. 
They have it good here ; but if I had brought you some from the 
village it would have been of a kind to turn your liver inside out.” 

“ Senor Ciperez is a very good fellow,” said the Frenchman, strutting 
up and down before his comrades, who were listening open-mouthed. 

“The first thing I did this morning was to order the wine at 
Fabiana’s. So let’s go for it.” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


753 


‘^Fabiana’s wine cannot be any better than what they have in the 
Zangaua cabaret. You might buy it there.^^ 

“ Why, I will give you the money, and you can buy the wine where 
you want to.” 

Molichard hesitated, and consulted with his friends. Then he said, — 
I should be glad not to shut you up in the calaboose, because, 
of course, when Sefior Ciperez sends me so handsome a present, 

why ” 

“ Oh, doiiT be troubled on my account, Seiior Molichard,” I said, 
with the greatest naturalness in the world. “I wouldnT have the 
officer quarrel with you for my sake. I^m ready to go, for I am sure 
that all the officers will soon be satisfied that there is nothing wrong 
with me.” 

“You wouldn^t have much fun in the calaboose, my boy,” said 

the Frenchman. “Let’s see what we can do. I’ll tell the officer 

that ” . 

“ He’s already forgotten what he ordered you,” interposed Tour- 
lourou, who had got over his anger with me in a supernatural manner. 

“See here, Jean-Jean !” cried Molichard, calling to a soldier near 
by, in whom I recognized the corporal of dragoons who had bought 
my vegetables. He came up, and knew me at once. 

“ Well, friend,” I said to him, “ I believe it was you who bought 
the vegetables I was bringing for this gentleman. Didn’t I tell you 
they were for a present?” 

“ If I had known that they were for this chauve-souris I wouldn’t 
have given you a centime for them.” 

“Jean-Jean,” said Molichard, in French, “do you like Nava 
wine ?” 

“ Where is there any?” 

“ Look here, Jean-Jean, this youngster has presented me with a 
swallow. But we have got to put him in the calaboose.” 

“ In the calaboose !” 

“Yes, mon vieux; they have made the blunder of taking him for 
a spy.” 

“ Let’s all four of us go to the cabaret,” said Tourlourou, “ and 
the gentleman can go to the calaboose afterwards.” 

“I don’t want you to get into trouble with your superiors on 
my account,” I remarked, meekly. “Take me to the prison and shut 
me up.” 

“ Who said anything about shutting anybody up?” cried Molichard, 
in the tone of a boon companion. “ Come on to the Zangana, Monsieur 
Ciperez : we will be answerable for you.” 


XIII. 

“ But your chief will be angry,” I said. “ I’ll stay here.” 

“A Frenchman, a soldier of Napoleon,” said Tourlourou, with a 
gesture like Bonaparte’s when he pointed at the pyramids, “ cannot 
drink in peace while his Spanish friend is dying of thirst in a dun- 
VoL. LV.-48 


754 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


geon. Bravo, Ciperez !’^ he added, embracing me; you are ray 
choicest comrade. Embrace me ! Yes, that’s the way, — friends till 
death. Gentlemen, you see here the eagle of the Empire and the lion 
of Spain in conjunction.” 

I must say, as far as I, the lion of Spain, was concerned, that I 
found it no fun to be grasped that way in the claws of the eagle of the 
Empire. But the three servants of the Empire were meanwhile lead- 
ing me out of the barracks towards a wine-room near the fortifications 
of San Vicente. As we were going in, I said, — 

Senor Molichard, the Nava wine is a present from my father, but 
all the other expenses I will bear.” 

It was not long before the three were deep in the best the place 
afforded, and little by little losing their gravity, although the corporal 
of dragoons appeared to have a harder head than his companions. 

Has your father a good bit of property?” asked Molichard. 

A passable amount,” I said, modestly. 

To the health of Monsieur-r-r Ciperez !” 

^‘My father and mother and all ray family will come some day 
with a better present than this. Senor Molichard, my sister is anxious 
to make your acquaintance.” 

“ A pretty girl, I have no doubt. To the health of Maria Ciperez ! 
And a toothsome dowry, in addition. Well, one may conclude to settle 
down in Spain. We’ll say, like Louis XIV., ^ There are no longer 
Pyrenees.’ Drink, Baltasarico !” 

My head is easily upset. With what I have already had, it seems 
as if all Salamanca was buzzing inside my skull.” 

Jean- Jean began to sing : 

“ Le crocodile en partant pour la guerre 
Disait adieux a ses petits enfants. 

Le malheureux 
Trainait sa queue 
Dans la poussi^re.” 

Tourlourou struggled to his feet, and with a majestic sweep of the 
hand exclaimed, ‘^Comrades, from the top of this bottle forty centuries 
look down on you !” 

I said to Molichard, Sefior Sergeant, I’m a poor hand at drinking, 
and I must go out a minute to get the air.” 

Then I promptly paid the bill. 

All right ; let’s go out,” said Molichard, taking my arm. 

Outside I found myself in a place which was neither a square nor 
a court-yard nor a street, but all these three things combined. High 
walls were on either hand, some half destroyed, others still standing 
but sustaining shattered roofs. Soldiers and peasants were busily at 
work carrying rubbish, digging ditches, dragging cannon, heaping up 
earth. 

Why, what are they doing here?” I asked, innocently. 

^^Fortifications, you stupid !” said the sergeant, whose respect for 
me seemed to diminish in proportion to the amoqnt of my wioe he had 
swallowed, 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


755 


Oh, yes, I see. It^s for the war, isn^t it ? But what’s the name 
of this place?” 

This is the fort of San Vicente, and what they are tearing down 
here is a Benedictine convent.” 

“ But it seems as if they were tearing down entire streets, Senor 
Molichard,” said I, walking on, and giving him my arm to keep him 
from falling. 

‘‘ Well, you must have come from the idiot asylum ! Don’t you 
see that we have levelled the street so as to get a raking fire from San 
Vicente ?” 

And is that a plaza beyond there ?” 

“ That’s a bastion.” 

‘‘Two — four — six — eight cannon. That’s fearful !” 

“ They are only playthings. The good ones are those fellows there, 
the four in the ravelin.” 

“ Now let us go around by the other side.” 

“ By San Cayetano ! it seems to me that you are a little too in- 
quisitive. Saperlotte, if you keep on asking questions and looking 
around that way you will make me believe that you are really a spy.” 

The sergeant looked at me with scornful impudence. Just then 
Tourlourou came up in a lamentable condition, rather poorly supported 
by Jean- Jean, who was singing a soldier’s ditty. 

A spy ! yes, a spy !” exclaimed Tourlourou, pointing at me. “I 
maintain that you are a spy. To the calaboose !” 

“To tell you the truth, Senor Ciperez,” said Molichard, “I do 
not want to disobey orders or get my buttons stripped off for your 
sake.” 

“This young man,” affirmed Jean-Jean, bringing down his hand 
upon my shoulder with crushing force, “ has the face of a rascal.” 

“The moment I saw him I suspected something wrong,” said 
Molichard, “ You can’t trust anybody in this cursed Spain. Spies 
crawl out from under the very stones.” 

I felt that I was lost, but forced myself to preserve an air of 
calmness. A ray of hope came to me when I heard Jean-Jean say, — 

“ You are a couple of imbeciles. Leave Senor Ciperez to me. He 
is a friend of mine.” 

He threw his arm around my shoulders with affectionate familiarity, 
though with a pretty good grip on me at the same time. 

“Let’s go back to the barracks,” said Molichard. “ I go on guard 
at ten.” Then he seized me by the arm, adding, ^^Peste, mille pestes^ 
do you mean to run away ?” 

“ He’ll be searched at the barracks,” observed Tourlourou. 

“ Be off, goguenards said Jean-Jean, energetically. “ Seiior Ci- 
perez is under ray protection, as a friend. Go to all the fiends, and 
leave him here with me.” 

Tourlourou laughed, but Molichard looked at me fiercely and in- 
sisted upon taking me with him. However, my improvised protector 
gave him so hard a buffet on the shoulder that he finally determined 
to go with his companion. Both made off, dascribing S’s and other 
letters of the alphabet. 


756 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


XIV. 

Jean-Jean took my arm and led me on through the dismantled 
parts of the city. 

Friend Ciperez/’ said he, like you. Let us take a walk 
together. When do you mean to leave Salamanca? I vow I’ll be 
sorry when you do.” 

Such flattering words were ominous. 

I am delighted to be in your company,” I said, with an air of 
unconcern. Let us go wherever you wish.” 

I felt the Frenchman’s arm holding mine like an instrument of 
steel. His grip of me seemed to say, You won’t get away from me, 
I tell you.” As we went along I noticed that we were meeting fewer 
people all the while, and that we were getting into the outskirts of the 
city. My only weapon was a knife. Jean- Jean, who was a tall and 
most powerful man, carried an immense sabre. I glanced furtively at 
man and weapon, in order to estimate their power in case of a struggle. 
At last I stopped, determined to face the worst, and asked, — 

Where are you taking me ?” 

Don’t stop, my good friend,” said he, with a mocking air : we 
are going to take a walk by the Tormes.” 

I am somewhat tired.” 

He paused, and, fixing his little eyes on me, said, — 

Won’t you go with the man who has rescued you from the gal- 
lows ?” 

In a flash of intuition I read in that man’s face the idea which 
filled his mind. Jean-Jean had concluded that I had more money 
with me than I had shown in the cabaret, and, whether he believed 
me a spy or the true Baltasar Ciperez, he was tempted by my gold. 
That evasive eye of his, that lonely place where he was leading me, 
indicated his criminal plan, which was either to kill me and throw 
my body into the river, or else to rob me and then have me arrested 
as a spy. 

For a moment I felt myself a coward and conquered, all my blood 
rushing to my heart and leaving my body cold and trembling. But 
soon I had a brilliant idea. Brusquely halting Jean-Jean, I put on a 
severe and resolute air, and said to him, very loftily, — 

‘^Seilor Jean-Jean, this is a very good place to have a word with 
you alone.” 

The fellow stood like one thunderstruck. 

‘'From the time I first saw you and talked with you, I took you 
for a man of intelligence and activity ; and that is the sort of man I 
am now in need of.” 

He hesitated for a moment, and then said, wonderinglv, — 

“ It seems, then, that ” 

“ You are right ; I am not what I seem. I could deceive those 
imbeciles Tourlourou and Molichard, but not you.” 

“I suspected it,” he said ; “you are a spy.” 

“ I am surprised that a man of your penetration should have made 
such a blunder. You know very well that spies are always rustics who 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


757 


risk their lives for money. Have I, saying nothing of my clothes, the 
face and bearing of a peasant 

“ No, by my faith ! You are a gentleman.’^ 

“ I am. Have you ever heard of the Marquis of Rioponce?’’ 

No — that is — why, yes, it seems as if I had heard his name.’’ 

Well, I am the marquis. Now, am I right in supposing that I 
have met a man shrewd enough to serve me, and whom I can reward 
in a way that he never dreamed of? You are poor, aren’t you?” 

“ I am, indeed,” he said, no longer trying to hide the avarice which 
was looking out of the open windows of his eyes. 

“ I have but little gold with me, but for the enterprise which I have 
in hand I have brought a goodly sum, which is concealed in the lining 
of my donkey’s pack-saddle.” 

“ Where did you leave the donkey ?” He was devouring me with 
his eyes. 

That will come later.” 

If you are a spy, Senor Marquis,” he said, with a certain em- 
barrassment, ^^you must not count upon me. I will not be a traitor to 
my flag.” 

“ I have told you already I am no spy.” 

(yest drole! What in the fiend’s name, then, brings you to Sala- 
manca in that garb, selling vegetables ?” 

What brings me? A love-affair.” 

I said this with such self-possession and positiveness that I saw 
conviction creep in alongside avarice in the eyes of the man who had 
meant to assassinate me. 

A love-affair!” Then a new doubt assailed him, and he added, 
“But why didn’t you come without disguise? Why conceal yourself 
in this way?” 

“ What a question ! I declare that sometimes you seem as silly as 
a child. If the love-affair were of the ordinary kind, you would be 
right; but the one I am engaged in is so difficult and dangerous that 
I am forced to keep myself entirely unknown.” 

“ Has some Frenchman got your sweetheart away from you ?” asked 
the dragoon, smiling for the first time since our conversation began- 

“ Well, something like that : you’re not far out of the way. There 
is in Salamanca a person whom I love, and whom I will carry away 
with me, if I am able to ; there is another person whom I hate, and 
whom I will kill if I can.” 

“ This second person is perhaps one of our generals. No, Seilor 
Marquis, you must not depend upon me to help you.” 

“No, the person is not a general; he is not even a Frenchman. 
He is a Spaniard.” 

“ Well, if he is a Spaniard, le diable m^emporte — you can do what 
you want to with him.’’ 

“Ah, but he is a man of influence, although a Spaniard, and has 
served the French. The difficulty is tremendous.” 

He began to be impatient. 

“ In a word, sefior, what is it you want me to do for you ?” 

“ First, not to betray me, thick-head !” I exclaimed, speaking to him 


758 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


haugiitily, so as the better to convince him of ray superior rank. 

Then, to help me find out where my enemy lives.^’ 

Doif t you know 

No. I have never been in Salamanca before, and, as your stupid 
comrades were wanting to have me arrested, I have had no time to 
make inquiries.” 

Now that you speak of my comrades,” said Jean-Jean, sus- 
piciously, I remember something. You played the part of a peasant 
mighty well. If you are playing another part now ” 

Do you suspect me ?” I shouted, furiously. 

None of your airs,” he replied, insolently. You know that I 
can have you arrested.” 

If you do, I shall simply fail in my plan, but you will lose what 
I would give you.” 

‘‘ There is no occasion for quarrelling,” he said, in a mollified tone. 

Tell me about your love-affair.” 

A wicked son of Salamanca, an irreclaimable wretch, has carried 
off a noble and beautiful damsel from her home.” 

‘^Carried her off! Is that the way they treat young women in 
this country ?” 

He did it out of revenge. Vengeance is the single delight of his 
perverted soul. For a long time I have been diligently searching for 
him in vain, but at last I have learned to a certainty that they are both 
in Salamanca. He stays only in cities occupied by the French, since 
he dreads the wrath of his countrymen for his treason and wicked 
attempts to injure the country which gave him birth. He spends all 
his life going about founding Masonic lodges and sowing discord. 
Your people favor him, because they favor everything that divides and 
weakens the Spaniards. Lately he came from Plasencia, pretending to 
be an actor, and his companions played the part of a travelling com- 
pany so perfectly that no one along the way suspected the deception.” 

“ I know who he is,” suddenly said Jean-Jean, with a smile : it 
is Santorcaz.” 

The very man, — Don Luis de Santorcaz.” 

But do you disguise yourself after this fashion in order to ap- 
proach that fellow ? Who can have told you that Santorcaz is powerful 
among us? He may have been in Madrid, but not here. The author- 
ities tolerate him, but do not protect him. He fell into disfavor some 
time ago.” 

Do you know him ?” 

To be sure ; I was a friend of his in Madrid. Seflor Marquis, 
or whatever you are, you can deal with him in any way you want to, 
including killing him, and the French government won’t interfere with 
you in the least. How can it be that when your enemy is a man of so 
little influence, and you a marquis of such power, you must needs 
come here selling vegetables and deceiving everybody ?” 

Jean-Jean’s reasoning was logical, and for a moment I did not know 
how to answer him. 

Connu, connu! enough of this farce! You are a spy !” he ex- 
claimed, fiercely. 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


759 


Gently, gently, friend Jean- Jean,’’ said I: “didn’t I tell you 
that it was a love-atfair ? Haven’t you noticed that Sautorcaz has a 
young lady with him?” 

“ Yes ; but what of that ? They say she is his daughter.” 

“ His daughter !” I exclaimed, pretending to be angry to the point 
of frenzy. “Does the wretch dare to say that she is his daughter? 
Impossible?” 

“ That’s what people say ; and it is certain that she looks like him.” 

“ Oh, in heaven’s name, my friend, in the name of all the saints 
and what you love most in this world, take me to that man’s house, 
and if in my presence he dares to say that Ines is his daughter, I will 
tear out his tongue.” 

“ All I know about it is that I have seen them walking about the 
city together. So, mon petite you mean to say that she is your sweet- 
heart? Very well, what then ?” 

“ 1 have come to Salamanca to get possession of her and restore her 
to her family.” 

“ Why didn’t her family complain to King Joseph ?” 

“Because her family wanted nothing to do with King Joseph. 
You are more inquisitive than a tax-collector,” I cried. “ Will you 
help me or not?” 

Jean-Jean hesitated a moment, and then said, — 

“ What am I to do ? Am I to take you to Caliz Street, to Santor- 
caz’s house, and go in and carry off this princess?” 

“ That would be very risky. I must first come to an understand- 
ing with her, in order to plan her flight prudently. Can you get in 
the house?” 

“Not very easily. However, I know Ramoncilla, one of his 
servants, and could manage to get in if it were absolutely necessary.” 

“Very well, then. I will write a couple of words which you will 
see reach the hands of Ines. When once that is attended to ” 

“ Now I see your game, rascal,” he said, suspiciously : “ you want 
me to go away, so that you can escape.” 

“ Do you still doubt me? Look here what I am going to write.” 

Resting a piece of paper against the wall, I wrote as follows, Jean- 
Jean reading it over my shoulder : 

“ Confide in the bearer of this, who is a friend of mine and of 
your mother, and tell him the place and hour for me to see yon, for I 
have come to Salamanca to save you, and will not go away without 
you. Gabriel.” 

“ Is that all ?” he said, taking the paper and examining it as closely 
as an antiquary scrutinizes an inscription. 

“ Let us make an end of this. You take this paper and contrive 
to have it delivered to Senorita Ines. If you bring it back to me 
with a single letter of hers added, ev^en if it be merely scratched with 
a finger-nail, I will give you the six doubloons which I have here, 
and pay for your subsequent services with what I have at the inn.” 

“ Yes, that would be a fine plan !” said the Frenchman, scornfully. 
“ While I am going to Caliz Street, you, who are only plotting to 
get out of my sight, would run off, and ” 


760 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


We will go together, and I will wait for you at the door.” 

“That’s the same thing. If I were to go in and leave you out- 
side ” 

“ Do you doubt my word, scoundrel ?” I exclaimed, with indigna- 
tion and rage. 

“ Yes, I do. However, I have a plan to propose which will guar- 
antee me against any of your tricks. While I am gone to Caliz 
Street I will leave you locked in a secure place. When I come back 
I will let you out and you shall give me the money.” 

I was choking with anger, but I saw that it would be impossible 
to escape from so hateful an enemy. Between arrest as a spy and a 
slight detention the choice was not difficult, and so I accepted his offer. 

“ Come on,” I said, contemptuously ; “ take me where you please.” 

Without another word Jean-Jean turned, and again we picked our 
way through that labyrinth of ruins where tlie fortifications began. In 
silence we reached a vast door-way, like that of a convent or a college, 
and went towards a cloister where I saw as many as twoscore soldiers 
stretched out on the ground, playing games and laughing. 

“ This is the convent of Merced Calzada,” said Jean- Jean. “ They 
have not yet finished tearing it down, because there was so much to do 
on the other side. In what is left there are two hundred soldiers 
quartered. Good lodgings, thanks to the monks ! — Charles !” he cried, 
addressing one of the soldiers. 

“What is it?” said a flabby little soldier. “Whom have you 
there?” 

“ Where is my cousin ?” 

“ He’s somewhere about. — I say. Mutton-hoof!” 

Thereupon appeared a sergeant who had considerable resemblance 
to my unpleasant companion. The latter said to him, — 

“ Mutton-hoof, give me the key to the tower.” 


XV. 

A moment later Jean-Jean was leading me into a room which was 
neither dark nor damp, like the typical dungeon. 

“Allow me, little Sefior Marquis,” he said, with mock courtesy, 
“to lock you in here while I am gone. If you will give me the 
doubloons now, I will let you go free.” 

“ No,” I replied, scornfully. “ You shall not have your reward 
without earning it, unless you kill me, you villain. Try to do that, 
and I will defend myself as best I can.” 

“ Stay here, then. I shall be back soon.” 

He made off, locking the heavy door on the other side. I ex- 
amined the walls, and found them built solidly enough to withstand an 
earthquake. A delightful situation I was in I Here it was near mid- 
day, and I a prisoner without having been able to obtain any of the 
information which my general wanted. I had learned only a little, 
and had done absolutely nothing. 

I sat down to rest, but mechanically looked to see what there was 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


761 


above. I saw a stairway starting from tlie floor and going up in 
repeated angles and curves. A bright light, entering by the wide 
unglazed windows, illuminated the long tube at the bottom of which 
I stood. A powerful attraction summoned me upward, and I dashed 
up rapidly. In fact, my flight up those stairs was very much as if I 
were throwing myself into a well turned bottom upward. 

Two steps at a time, I reached a landing. The wreck of apparatus 
showed that there had once been a clock in the tower. On the outer 
wall, a black hand which had been turning for three centuries now 
pointed to an hour with ironic motionlessness. Bell-ropes hung down 
on all sides, but there were no bells. It was but the corpse of a 
tower, dumb and inert like any other corpse. I went on mounting, 
and at the very summit two enormous eyes were looking out in amaze- 
ment at the vast sky, at the city and the surrounding country. As I 
drew near those cavities, I gave a cry of delight. Under my eyes 
there was unrolled a map of the city and its environs, the river and 
the country round about. 

I saw other towers, roofs, streets, the majestic mass of the two 
cathedrals, a multitude of churches which had been privileged to sur- 
vive, numberless ruins where hundreds of men, like ants dragging 
grains of wheat, ran to and fro and commingled; I saw the Tormes, 
losing itself in broad curves towards the west, leaving the city on its 
right and skirting the green fields of Zurguen ; I saw the platforms, 
the scarps and counterscarps, the ravelins, the curtains, the embra- 
sures, the pierced walls, the parapets made out of columns taken 
from churches, the intrenchments made out of earth with which were 
mingled the bones of nuns and monks ; I saw the cannon placed so as 
to enfilade the approaches, the mortars, the fosse, the ditches, the bags 
of earth, the heaps of balls, the parks of artillery. 

Blessed be the almighty and merciful God !” I exclaimed. Now 
all I need is a pair of eyes, and luckily I have them.’’ 

The tower of the Merced convent was high enough to command a 
view in all directions. Almost at its foot was the College of the King. 
Then came San Cayetano, and farther to the west the Colegio Mayor 
de Cuenca, and, last of all, the Benitos. In front I saw a mass of 
ruined buildings. On the opposite side was what they call Teso de 
San Nicolas, the Mostenses, and Mount Olivet, and between these 
positions and the others a fosse and covered passage-ways. 

From the San Vicente gatdj where there was a ravelin with four 
revolving cannon, a fosse ran to connect with the Milagros. The 
entire building of San Vicente was filled with port-holes, so that fire 
could be directed upon both the city and the plain outside the walls. 
San Cayetano was formidable. Almost entirely pulled down, they had 
made of it a large rampart provided with batteries of all calibres, so 
that their fire would sweep the King’s square, the bridge, and the Hos- 
picio esplanade. 

Although I was fearful that my jailer would return any minute, 
and therefore made my sketch with the greatest haste, it did not turn 
out badly. I managed to get into it, clearly though roughly, all that 
I saw. The geometric scale might have been faulty, but I did not 


762 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


forget a single detail, and was especially careful to note the exact 
number of cannon. The instant my work was done, I carefully 
secreted the sketch on my person and hurried down to the tower 
entrance. Throwing myself down upon the bottom stair, I waited for 
Jean-Jean, intending to feign to be asleep when he arrived. 

He was a long time in coming, his delay causing me no little 
anxiety and alarm ; but finally he appeared, and I acted as if he had 
roused me from a long and agreeable nap. I thought I could read a 
good augury in his face. 

^^You may come with me,” said Jean-Jean. have seen your 
adored one.” 

And what happened?” I asked, eagerly. 

^‘It seems to me that she loves you, Senor Marquis,” he said, in a 
flattering tone, and smiling with the servility of one who expects 
money for all that he does. “ When I gave her your note, she turned 
whiter than the paper on which it was written. You see, Santorcaz 
is sick and was asleep. I summoned E-amoncilla and promised her a 
doubloon if she would have the young lady come where I could give 
her the note; but that would be utterly impossible, she said. The 
young lady is kept under lock and key, and Santorcaz keeps the key 
under his pillow when he is asleep. I persisted, and offered her two 
doubloons. In went the girl and made signs, whereupon there appeared 
at a window a beautiful face, and a hand was stretched out. I climbed 
upon a barrel, but that was not enough, and so I put a chair on the 
barrel. Senor Marquis, as soon as she had read your note she said 
that you were to come at once, and when I told her that I should need 
two words of hers to make you believe me, she took a piece of charcoal 
and wrote what you see here. I will leave it to you to say if I ’have 
not well earned my six doubloons.” 

The rogue had completely changed in his bearing towards me, and 
addressed me with a truly French deference. I took the sheet of paper 
and read upon it the words “ Come at once,” in a handwriting which I 
immediately recognized. I paid Jean-Jean his money without com- 
pelling him to ask for it a second time. 

We hurried away through streets and alleys, by the cathedral, and 
along some very narrow passage-ways, until at last Jean-Jean stopped 
and said, — 

This is the place. We must go in quietly, although there is no 
danger, — nothing to be afraid of. Ramoncilla will let us into the 
court-yard. After that we must trust to Providence.” 

We passed through the gloomy door- way, and, pushing on into a 
small damp court-yard, we found Ramoncilla. She solemnly motioned 
for us to be quiet, leaning her face upon her hand to show that her 
master was still sleeping. We proceeded cautiously, and Jean-Jean 
with a flattering smile pointed me to a narrow window opening on the 
court. I looked, but could see no one. Then I heard a curious noise, 
like the buzz of an insect near one’s head, or the rustling of a thin piece 
of cloth. I lifted my eyes, and I saw — I saw Ines at the window, 
holding up the curtain with her left hand, while the forefinger of her 
right was pressed to her lips to command me to be silent. Her face 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


763 


showed signs of great alarm, as of one impelled towards the edge of a 
deep precipice. She was pale as death, and her frightened eyes almost 
drove me crazy. 

I saw a stairway on my right, and dashed towards it ; but the ser- 
vant and the Frenchman told me, more by signs than by words, that I 
could not get up that way. I held out my arms to Ines, begging her 
to come down, but she shook her head. I was distracted. 

How shall I get up?’’ I asked. 

The poor girl put both hands to her face, wept, but shook her head 
again. Then she seemed to want to tell me that I must wait. 

I must go up,” I said to the Frenchman, looking around for 
something to climb upon. But Jean-Jean, anxious and attentive, like 
a man who had received his six doubloons, had already brought out 
the barrel from a corner of the court-yard and placed it under the 
window. Yet it was still a long distance up to the window-ledge, and 
there was nothing to take hold of. I was straining my eyes at the wall, 
or, rather, the inaccessible mountain, that rose before me, when Jean- 
Jean, swift and smiling, climbed upon the barrel and pointed me to his 
broad shoulders. In an instant I was upon the staircase of flesh and 
blood, and grasped the window-casing with trembling hands. Then I 
drew myself up. 


XVI. 

I found myself face to face with Ines. Joy and terror were min- 
gled in her eyes. She did not say a word. When I started to speak 
she put her hand hastily over my mouth. Then she wept burning 
tears on my breast, and finally said, — 

“ How is my mother?” 

She is well. Hid I say well ? she is half dead on account of your 
absence. Come to her at once. I have you at last.” 

I caught her in my arms in a burst of passion, and said again, — 

“ Come with me at once, poor little one. You are killing yourself 
here. How long I have been looking for you ! Let us flee, my heart 
and life !” 

If I had been told that I must die the next hour I should not have 
suffered so much as I did when Ines, trembling in ray arms, said to 
me, — 

You must go away. I cannot.” 

I drew away from her and looked as one would at a startling 
mystery. 

‘‘What of my mother?” she repeated. Her sorrowful voice was 
scarcely audible. 

“ Your mother is waiting for you. Ho you see this letter ? It is 

hers.” ■ 

She tore it from my hands, covered it with kisses and tears, and hid 
it in her bosom. Then, with the greatest rapidity, she withdrew from 
me, and waved me impatiently towards the court-yard. I was torn by 
contending emotions. First I felt a great joy, then anxiety, but finally 
everything else gave way to rage when I thought of that beloved being. 


764 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


whom I had come to free, sending me away without any explanation 
whatever. 

This very minute you are going to go with me I said, in a loud 
voice, and seized her arm so roughly that she could not repress a slight 
cry. She flung herself at my feet, and three times — three times, I tell 
you — she said, in a tone that froze the blood in my veins, — 

“ I cannot.” 

Didn’t you tell me to come?” I demanded, remembering the words 
she had written with charcoal. 

She took a large sheet of paper from the table, freshly written upon, 
and gave it to me, saying, — 

Take this letter, go away, and do what I tell you in it. I will 
see you some other day at this window.” 

“I will not !” I shouted, tearing the paper into fragments. I 
will not go without you !” 

I rushed to the window, and saw that Jean-Jean and Ramoncilla 
had disappeared. Ines fell on her knees again. 

‘^The key !” I said, sharply, bring the key to the door quickly. 
Get up off the floor, do you hear !” 

“ I cannot go,” she murmured. Go away at once.” 

Her large eyes were wide open with terror. 

You are crazy!” I exclaimed. “Tell me to go and kill myself, 
but do not tell me to go away. That man keeps you from going with 
me. He has made you forget your mother, and me, who am your 
brother, your husband, me who have traversed half of Spain to find 
you ! Do you refuse to go with me? Tell me where that monster is, 
for I want to kill him : that’s the very thing I have come for.” 

Her distress made the words stick in my throat. She pressed my 
hand lovingly, and said, in the faintest voice, — 

“ If you love me still, go away.” 

I burst out with fresh fury, but just at that moment a far-off voice 
was heard calling, “ Ines ! Ines !” At the same time a bell sounded. 

She rose aghast, tried to smooth her hair and dry her eyes, and 
threw her whole soul into a look which told me to be quiet, to stay 
where I was, to obey her. Then she walked swiftly into a wide pas- 
sage-way opening from the rear of the room. 

Without an instant’s hesitation I followed her. She passed into a 
large, well-lighted room. I was close behind her. It was her bed- 
chamber. She did not pause, but went quickly into another room 
through a glass door over which white silk curtains were hung. There 
I stopped, and saw her go towards the rear of a great dark room, in 
which Santorcaz was calling. I could see the wretch, painfully lying 
back in a chair, with his legs stretched out on a footstool and sur- 
rounded with pillows and cushions. I could also see the white dress 
of Ines drawing near the arm-chair, and heard the kiss which he gave 
her. 

“ Do open the blinds,” said Santorcaz. The room is very dark : 
I can scarcely see you.” 

Ines did so, and. a flood of light filled the room. My eyes took it 
all in, persons and surroundings, at a glance. Any one else would not 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


765 


have known Santorcaz. His beard was long and almost white. His 
face was yellow, his burning e5^es were sunken. His high forehead was 
seamed with wrinkles, his hands were bony, his breath came feebly. 
But I knew that face, for all its features were engraved upon my 
memory by hate. 

The room contained sets of armor, some old and worn furniture, 
a great many books, several clothes-presses and chests, a bed whose 
canopy was supported by twisted columns, and a broad table covered 
with confused heaps of papers. 

Why were you so long in coming?’’ asked Santorcaz, in a gentle 
and affectionate voice which surprised me. 

was reading — a book, — the one you know,” said Ines, in much 
perturbation. 

The old man took Ines’s hand and pressed it to his lips affection- 
ately. Then he said to his daughter, — 

Draw up to the table : I want to write.” 

I could contain myself no longer, and, throwing open the glass 
door, I walked into the room. 


XVII. 

A man ! a thief!” cried Santorcaz. 

You are the thief,” I declared, advancing with determination. 

Oh, I know you, I know you I” exclaimed the old man, lifting 
himself up painfully and pushing aside his pillows and cushions. 

Ines gave a shrill cry, and, embracing her father, said, — 

Don’t harm him ; he will go away.” 

Fool !” he shouted, what do you want here ? How did you 
get in ?” 

‘‘ What do I want ? Do you ask me that, scoundrel ?” I exclaimed, 
putting hate into every word. I have come to take from you what 
is not yours. Do not fear for your vile life, for I will not befoul 
myself by touching a body into which God has put a bit of merited 
hell before the time; but do not enrage me, or keep a moment longer 
what does not belong to you, reptile, or I will crush you with my 
heel.” 

Santorcaz’s eyes blazed and looked poisonous. 

I was expecting you,” he cried. I am sick and feeble, but I 
fear you not. Insult me or kill me, but my beloved daughter, she who 
has in her veins the blood of a martyr to tyranny, will not leave this 
place with you.” 

Come !” I shouted to Ines, imperiously, come away !’’ 

She did not move. She seemed like a statue of indecision. San- 
torcaz exclaimed, in triumph, — 

Footman I footman ! go and tell your contemptible mistress that 
you couldn’t do the errand.” 

When I heard this, a bloody mist swam before my eyes, and flames 
burned within my breast. I hurled myself upon that man. The 
thunder-bolt, when it strikes, must feel as I felt then. He threw out 


766 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


his hand, caught up a pistol from the table, and pointed it at my heart ; 
but Ines rushed between us so rapidly that if he had fired he would 
surely have killed her. 

“ Do not shoot him, father !’' she screamed. 

That cry of hers, and the sight of the sick old man, who now 
threw his weapon away and declined to defend himself, so overwhelmed 
me that I stood mute and motionless. 

‘‘ Tell him to go away and leave us in peace,” murmui’ed the old 
man, embracing his daughter. I know that you have been acquainted 
with this unfortunate young man for a long time.” 

The girl hid her face in her father^s breast. 

Heartless youth,” said Santorcaz, in a trembling voice, ^^go away. 
I care nothing for you, one way or the other. If my daughter wishes 
to forsake me and go with you, take her.” 

He fastened his burning eyes upon his daughter, and grasped her 
arm with his bony hand. 

“ Do you want to leave me and go away with this young man ?” 
he asked her, loosing his grasp and pushing her gently from him. 

I stepped forward to take Ines’s hand. 

^^Come,” I said. ^‘Your mother is waiting for you. You are 
free, my beloved, and your interment in this house, which is the grave 
of a madman, is at an end.” 

No, I cannot go,” said Ines, running to the old man’s side. He 
threw his arms about her neck and kissed her tenderly. 

Very well, sefiora,” I said, angrily, feeling myself impelled to all 
sorts of violent deeds, — ^Wery well; I will go. You will never see 
me again. You will never see your mother again.” 

“ Well did I know that you were not capable of the infamy of 
forsaking me !” exclaimed the old man, weeping for joy. 

Ines gave me a burning and fathomless look, in which, through her 
tears, she no doubt wished to tell me many things. But I understood 
nothing. I w^as choked with anger. 

“ Gabriel,” said the old man, recovering his calmness, ‘‘you are not 
wanted here. You have heard already that you are to go. I suppose 
you must have brought a rope-ladder; but, in order to get out more 
easily, take the key from that table and open the door in the passage, 
and then go down-stairs to the court-yard. I beg you to leave the key 
in the door.” 

Seeing me hesitate, perplexed, he added, with biting and cruel 
irony, — 

“ If I can be of any help to you in Salamanca, tell me so frankly. 
Do you need anything? You appear to me as if you had not had 
anything to eat to-day, my poor fellow.” 

Ines looked at me with so much pity that I could not but have 
the same feeling for her, as it was evident that she was sufferino' ter- 
ribly. 

“ Thanks !” I replied, dryly. “ I need nothing. Good-by.” 

Snatching up the key, I hurried away from the room, the stair- 
^ay, the court-yard, the horrible house ; but father, daughter, room, 
court-yard, and house — I carried them all away within me. 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


767 


XVIII. 

Once in the street, I endeavored to reflect calmly upon the unex- 
pected result I had encountered, but I found myself for a long time 
savage and insensate with rage. Sometimes I felt sorry that I had 
not throttled that man, old before his time, and at another I had 
for him a sort of inexplicable compassion. Ines’s conduct, so little 
flattering to my self-love, now would fill me with sudden anger, as of 
an outraged lover, and now would awake in me an instinctive admi- 
ration. Finally, I began to get a clue to all my contradictory reasoning 
and feeling on the subject, and said to myself, — 

“ For a long time, and this very day when I was face to face with 
him, I have regarded that man as a rascal, pure and simple, and have 
not reflected that he is also a father.” 

With this thought getting the upper hand in my agitated brain, I 
wandered on through streets unknown to me, conscious only of my 
own existence and absolutely forgetful of what had brought me to 
Salamanca. Suddenly a face was thrust in my face. I looked at it 
with as much indifference as if it had been a painted head, and was a 
long time in arriving at the conviction that I knew those features. A 
pair of heavy hands fell upon my shoulders. 

Let me pass, drunkard !” I exclaimed, pushing away the intruder, 
who was none other than Tourlourou. 

Satane farceur , cried Molichard, who was, unluckily for me, in 
company with him, ^^come along to the barracks.” 

‘‘ Drdle de pistolet, come along,” said Tourlourou, laughing like a 
fiend. “ Monsieur Ciperez, Colonel Desmarets is waiting for you.” 

Ventre de hiche! running off* like that when you were going to 
be locked up !” 

“ And drawing your knife to murder us !” 

Monseigneur Ciperez, you will be coffrS et nicMJ^ 

I tried to defend myself against those barbarians, but, drunk as 
they were, together they were more than a match for me. They led 
me, or, rather, dragged me, towards the barracks where in tlie morning 
I had had the honor of making Molichard^s acquaintance. At the 
entrance Tourlourou paused and looked up the street. 

Dame .'” he screamed, there comes Colonel Desmarets now !” 

At this announcement I gave myself up for lost, for I was certain 
that, after they had searched me and found the plan of the fortifi- 
cations on me, a quarter of an hour would not pass before I should 
be dancing at the end of a rope, as the saying is. I looked around 
anxiously, and asked, — 

‘‘ IsnT Jean-Jean here ?” 

The dragoon was no saint, but he was the only one upon whom I 
could call to save me. ^ Colonel D esjaiarets was coming up behind me. 
I turned about, and, wonder of Ironders, I saw upon his arm a lady,— 
a lady, I tell you, who was none other than Miss Fly, the very Athe- 
nais herself ! I stared at her stupidly, but she promptly nodded to me 
with a vainglorious smile. Molichard and his companion in wicked- 
ness stepped up to the colonel, who was a sedate man of rather more 


768 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


than middle age, and told him, with as much respect as they could 
muster in their intoxicated condition, that I was a spy in tlie employ 
of the English. 

“ You impudent liars exclaimed Miss Fly, in French, and with a 
great show of indignation, do you dare to say that my servant is a spy ? 
— Colonel, pay no attention to these wretches, who are so drunk that 
they can scarcely see. This is the very fellow who brought my bag- 
gage, and whom I have been looking for ever since I reached the city. — 
Tell me, you stupid, where did you leave my trunk 

‘‘In the Fabiana inn, seriora,’’ I replied, with great humility. 

“ The last place on earth ! A fine walk IVe led the colonel, helping 
me find you ! Two hours tramping the streets 

“ It has really been no loss, sefiora,’' said Desmarets, gallantly : 
“ in that way you have been able to see the most notable parts of this 
interesting city.’^ 

“True, but I needed things from my trunk, and this idiot, this 
idiot, colonel 

“ Senora,’’ said I, pointing to my two cruel persecutors, “ I was 
just going to look for your ladyship, when these drunken rogues 
took me off to a cabaret, drank at my expense, and then, when I 
hadn’t a cent left, declared that I was a spy and wanted to hang 
me.” 

Miss Fly looked at the colonel with mingled anger and haughti- 
ness, and Desmarets, who was evidently anxious to keep in the good 
graces of the beautiful Amazon, gathered up all that feminine rage to 
hurl it at the luckless Frenchmen. 

“Into the barracks, aanaille he shouted, furiously. “I will 
attend to you later.” 

Molichard and Tourlouroii, in a pitiful state of agitation, mental 
and physical, locked arms and staggered into the building, cursing each 
other bitterly. 

“ I promise you I’ll make those scoundrels smart for this,” said 
the officer. “ But, now that you have found your trunk, let me conduct 
you to your lodgings.” 

“ I will thank you to do so,” said Miss Fly, ordering me to follow 

her. 

then,” added Desmarets, “I will get an order allowing 
you to visit the hospital. But I do not think that a single English 
officer is left in it. All who were there recovered and were exchanged, 
not long ago, for the French who were in Fuente Guinaldo.” 

“ Oh, merciful Heaven ! then he must be dead !” exclaimed Miss 
Fly, with an appearance of great distress. “Unfortunate young man ! 
He was a relative of my uncle, Viscount Marley. But will you not 
go with me to the hospital ?” 

“ Senora, I regret to say that it is impossible. Marmont has ordered 
us to leave Salamanca this very day.” 

“ Are you to evacuate the city ?” 

‘So the general has ordered. We are threatened with a close in- 
vestment, and, as we are short of provisions and the fortifications are 
m excellent condition, we are leaving here eight hundred picked men. 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


769 


They will be sufficient for the defence. We are going towards Toro to 
await reinforcements from the north or from Madrid.” 

Do you march soon ?” 

“ Within an hour. I have no more than that amount of time to 
place at your service.” 

‘‘ Thanks. I am sorry that you cannot aid me in searching for 
my brave young countryman. He was wounded and taken prisoner at 
Arroyo Molinos. Since then we have had no news of him. It was 
thought that he might be in one of the hospitals of the French in this 
city.” 

‘‘I will secure for you a safe-conduct, so that you can visit the 
hospital, and you will not really need my company.” 

thousand thanks. I think this is my lodgings that we are 
coming to.” 

So it is.” 

We were at the entrance to the Lechuga inn, not more than twenty 
steps from the one where I had left my donkey. Desmarets took 
leave of Miss Fly, renewing his polite ofers of service. 

You must see now,” said Athenais, when we were starting for 
her room, that you made a great mistake in not letting me come 
with you. I am sure you must have had no end of trouble and 
struggles. I could have saved you all of that, knowing the brave 
Desmarets as I did.” 

“ Senora Fly, I have not yet recovered from my amazement. How 
did you get to Salamanca ? How did you manage to get into the city ? 
How did you contrive that that old flame of yours, that Desmarets ” 

‘^The easiest thing in the world! Get to Salamanca? What is 
there surprising in that, as long as there is a road here? When you 
so rudely abandoned me, I determined to come* alone. I wanted to 
see how you would execute your difficult commission, and I hoped to 
be able to render you some service, though you do not deserve, after 
your treatment of me, that I should concern myself about you.” 

Oh, a thousand thanks, senora I I left you only to spare you 
the dangers of this expedition.” 

Very well, then, Sefior Peasant. When I reached the gates of 
the city I called to mind Colonel Desmarets, whose life I had saved at 
Albuera, and asked for him. He came out to meet me, and after that 
I had no difficulty whatever either in getting in or in finding lodgings. 
I told him that I was trying to find the whereabouts of an English 
officer, a relative of mine, and, as what I really wanted was to en- 
counter you, I pretended that a servant of mine in charge of my 
trunk had disappeared at the city gate. Two hours we spent looking 
for him I I was in despair. I looked everywhere, and kept saying, 

‘ Where can that creature be V ” 

How about the boy who was with you ?” 

He came in when I did. You laughed at Mrs. MitchelPs car- 
riage, but it is a splendid vehicle, and when drawn by the horse which. 
Simpson got for me it seemed like the chariot of Apollo. Now, Senor 
Officer, let us hear how you have employed your time, and if you have 
done anything to justify the confidence of the duke.” 

VoL. LV.— 49 


770 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


^'Sefiora, I have a plan of the fortifications carefully hidden on my 
person. I have, besides, a great mass of information which will be 
very useful to the general-in-chief. I have met endless perplexities 
and been thwarted in a thousand ways, but in the end, as far as my 
military commission is concerned, I have succeeded very well.’^ 

“And you have done it without me!’^ said she, ruefully. 

“If I had time to tell you of all the tragedies and comedies in 
which I have been an actor for the past few hours — but I am so tired 
that I can scarcely speak. You must remember that I have eaten 
nothing for sixteen hours.” 

“You do indeed look half dead,” she said, starting up. “I will 
get you something to eat.” 

“It is a most excellent idea,” I replied; “and, since we have so 
miraculously come together, it is best that we establish ourselves at 
the same place. I will go for my donkey. I left something in the 
pack-saddle worth eating. I shall be gone but a minute. Ask the 
innkeeper for what he has on hand ; only do it quickly, — as quickly 
as possible.” 

I went to the inn where I had left my donkey, and the first thing 
I heard was the innkeeper disputing with somebody, who, by his voice, 
I recognized to be the worthy Senor Jean-Jean. 

“ Well, young man,” said the innkeeper to me as I appeared, “ this 
French gentleman wants to take away your donkey.” 

“ Your Excellency,” broke in Jean-Jean, with much deference, 
although with evident embarrassment, “it is not true that I wanted to 
carry olF your animal. I was simply inquiring after you.” 

I remembered the promise I had made the dragoon, and my little 
fiction about what I had in the pack-saddle. 

“ Jean- Jean,” I said, “ I need your help still further. The French 
are leaving to-day, are they not ?” 

“Yes, sefior, but I am to stay. Twenty dragoons of us remain as 
an escort to the governor.” 

“ I am glad to hear it,” I said, preparing to lead the donkey away. 
“ Now, friend Jean-Jean, I want to find out if Santorcaz is preparing 
to leave Salamanca to-day also. It is probable that he is.” 

“ I will find out for you, senor.” 

“I am in the inn farther on : do you know it?” 

“ Yes, the Lechuga.” 

“I will look for you there. We have a great deal to do to-day, 
friend Jean-Jean.” 

“ My only wish is to serve your Excellency.” 

“ Well, you know that those who serve me get good pay.” 


XIX. 

Miss Fly protested that the inn servant ought not to hear what 
we should be talking about, and so she herself served me the frugal 
meal. I do not know whether this was in accord with English eti- 
quette, but it certainly was the best thing under the circumstances. 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


771 


“ I see from your downcast air,” said she, that, though you have 
succeeded in your military commission, in other matters you have not 
fared so well.” 

That is the fact, seilora,” I replied, and I admit that I am 
downcast and discouraged.” 

'^Is not your princess in Salamanca?” 

She is, seilora, but under such circumstances that it would be 
better if she were not within a hundred leagues of here. For what is 
the use of finding her, if it turns out that she is ” 

Enchanted,” interrupted the roguish Englishwoman, and trans- 
formed, like Dulcinea, into a coarse and ugly peasant woman, — she 
who was so fine a lady.” 

‘‘ There you’re wrong again,” I replied, for my princess has lost 
nothing of her peerless beauty. It is her mind that has undergone a 
great transformation, so that she refused to accept the liberty I offered 
her, and preferred the company of her barbarous jailer. In short, she 
politely showed me the door.” 

‘^The explanation for that is very simple,” said she, laughing 
heartily. “ Your imprisoned archduchess does not love you any more. 
Didn’t you reflect how careless it was for you to present yourself to 
her in those clothes? She has been so long with her captor that she 
has fallen in love with him. Do not laugh, sir. There are many 
cases on record of ladies being carried away by bandits in Italy and 
Bohemia and finally falling in love with them. I myself knew an 
English lady who was kidnapped near Borne, and who in a little while 
was the wife of the chief of the brigands. In Spain, where there are 
such poetic robbers, kidnappers so gentlemanly that they are almost 
the first gentlemen of the land, such things must happen often.” 

Your lively imagination,” I said, perhaps deceives you in regard 
to certain things not in your books. But, however that may be, senora, 
it is a very sad business for me, because ” 

“ Because you love her, while she loves that Turk, that Fra Diavolo. 
I picture him to myself, a ferocious bandit to be sure, but beautiful 
as the finest types of Calabria or Andalusia, braver than the Cid, a 
splendid horseman, a magnificent swordsman, generous to the poor, 
stern with the rich and the wicked, himself wealthy as the Sultan, 
with unnumbered diamonds which he thinks all too few for his 
beloved.” . 

“ Oh, Miss Fly, I see that your head is full of your reading ! My 
enemy is not such a person as you describe, but a sick old man.” 

Well, then, Senor Araceli,” said Athenais, in disgust, do not 
try to deceive me by telling me that your young woman is of good 
family. If she has taken up with a sick old man, it must have been 
out of avarice, like a very sewing- woman or an actress, to which re- 
spectable classes I shall hereafter believe that your wonderful princess 
belongs.” 

“ I have not deceived you in respect to her rank. As for the 
affection which she has for her kidnapper, there is nothing blame- 
worthy in that, since he is her father.” 

Her father!” she exclaimed, in astonishment. ^‘Well, that is 


772 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


truly something I have never met in any of my books. And you call 
a father a thief for simply keeping his own daughter? That is a 
curious thing ; but Spain is unrivalled for strange occurrences. Ex- 
plain all this to me.” 

Without feeling that I was violating a confidence, I told her, point 
by point, the history of the infatuation of the countess for Santorcaz, 
then of her breaking with him and of his carrying off Ines to revenge 
himself upon her. My falling in love with Ines was not omitted, nor 
the details of my service of the countess and my long search after San- 
torcaz. When I finally came to the end of my story. Miss Fly rose 
with a resolute air, and said to me, in a most spirited tone, — 

And can you be calm as that, sir, and relate these tragedies out 
of your own life as if they were only something you had read in a 
book last night ? You are no true Spaniard, and have not in your 
veins that sublime fire which drives a man to struggle with impossi- 
bilities. Here you are with folded arms, and no plan of action pre- 
sents itself to you ; it never occurs to you to enter into that house, to 
snatch that unhappy woman from her prison, to put a rope about the 
neck of that man and drag him off to a mad-house ; it never occurs to 
you to buy a sword and fight with half the world, if half the world 
opposes your purpose ; to smash in the doors of the house, and set fire 
to it, if necessary ; to take that girl and carry her off wherever you 
want to, without stopping to persuade her to go with you ; to kill all 
the policemen that get in your way, and to force a passage through the 
whole French army, if it tries to prevent you from leaving Salamanca. 
I confess that I thought you capable of that.^’ 

Senora,^' I cried, enthusiastically, “ tell me in what book you 
have read such fine things. I want to read it too, and afterwards 
prove whether such deeds are possible or not.^’ 

‘^In what book, pusillanimous man?’^ she rejoined, with noble 
pride; ‘Mn the book of my heart. Do you want me to teach you 
more out of it ?” 

‘‘Sefiora,’’ I said, in confusion, ‘^your spirit is loftier than mine.” 

‘^Let us start this instant for that house,” she said, catching up a 
riding-whip and making as if to go out. 

Where, senora, where do you mean to go ?” 

You can ask that !” exclaimed Athenais. Sir, if I had thought 
you capable of asking me that question, revealing as it does a hesitating 
soul, I would never have come to Salamanca.” 

Her glowing face, her brilliant eyes, her sympathetic voice, exerted 
a strange power over me and awoke strange sensations within me. 
Scarcely knowing what I did, I leaped from my chair and shouted, — 
Let us go, let us go there !” 

Are you ready ?” 

At that moment we heard a noise without. It was the French 
army on the march. The drums were echoing through the streets. 
Presently their clamor was drowned by the tread of the squadrons of 
cavalry, and finally the rumble of the gun-carriages shook the walls 
as if by an earthquake. 

‘‘I hope I may be the first one to inform Lord Wellington that 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


773 

the French have left Salamanca,” I said to Miss Fly, in a low voice, 
as we watched the marching troops from our window. 

Shortly after there came a light knocking at our door, and on 
opening it I found Jean -Jean. Hat in hand, he made various elabo- 
rate bows. 

“ Your Excellency, the innkeeper told me you were here, and I 
have come to tell you that ” 

^‘What?” 

Jean- Jean looked suspiciously at Miss Fly, but I reassured him by 
saying,— 

Speak freely, friend Jean-Jean.” 

Well, I came to tell you,” resumed the soldier, ^Hhat Sefior San- 
torcaz is going to leave the city, so Ramoncilla tells me.” 

“ Then he will escape us !” said Miss Fly, eagerly. 

“They will not go,” he rejoined, “until after midnight.” 

“ Friend Jean- Jean, I wish you would get me a sword and a pair 
of pistols.” 

“ Nothing easier, your Excellency,” he answered, servilely. 

“ Also a cloak. Then, as soon as it is night, get ready a carriage.” 

“ There isn’t one to be found in the city.” 

“We have one below ourselves. Bring it, with the horse which is 
also below, to the gate nearest to Caliz Street.” 

“ That is the Sancti-Spiritus gate. I must tell you that Santorcaz 
has with him five friends, five big fellows ready for anything.” 

“ Five men !” 

“They will not permit any trifling with them. They meet there 
every night, and are well armed.” 

“ Have you a friend who would like to earn some doubloons, and 
who is, besides, brave and calm and discreet?” 

“ My cousin Mutton-hoof might do, but he is not very well. I 
do not know whether Charles le T4m6raire would like to take a hand 
in such a business ; I will ask him.” 

“ We do not need your friends,” said Miss Fly. “ We do not want 
low fellows with us. We shall go entirely alone.” 

“You shall have your arms in a minute,” declared Jean-Jean. 
“ But have you no orders to give me about your donkey ?” 

“I will give him to you, pack-saddle and all, when we are once 
safely outside the city gates. You shall have what you deserve.” 

Jean-Jean looked at me with suspicion, but went away without a 
word. At twilight he brought me my arms, and I ordered him to 
wait for me in Caliz Street. That completed our preparations. 


XX. 

When night had wrapped the city in its shadows. Miss Fly and I 
set out, and through the winding streets pushed on to the scene of our 
adventure. But we very soon lost dur way, and wandered about, 
trying in vain to orient ourselves by some of the larger buildings we 
had seen during the day. 


774 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


‘‘This is a labyrinth, Miss Fly,’^ I said, in a bad humor. “If 
this keeps on, we shall spend the whole night walking up and 
down.” 

“ Does that trouble you ? The later the better, I say.” 

“Seiiora, Lord Wellington expects me to-morrow at twelve in 
Bernuy. I need say no more. Let us see if some passer-by cannot 
tell us our road.” 

It was not long before we saw an old woman slipping along by the 
wall, and I said to her, — 

“Senora, can you tell me how to find Caliz Street?” 

“ Do you ask for Caliz Street, when you are already in it?” replied 
she, rudely. “Are you going to the Masons^ house? If you are, 
keep right on, and don’t trouble a poor old woman who wants nothing 
to do with the devil.” 

“ But which is the Masons’ house, senora ?” 

“ Ask for it when you have it in your hand !” rejoined the old 
woman. “ That big gateway right behind you there is the entrance to 
the dwelling of those rascals. There is where they utter their heresies ; 
there is where they wag their wicked tongues against our beloved 
kings. The wretches ! How I should enjoy seeing them burned in 
the Plaza Mayor! May Heaven soon take away from us the French 
who allow such filthy doings ! Masons and Frenchmen, they are all 
alike ; one is the right and the other the left claw of Satan.” 

She passed on, muttering to herself, and, turning to the gateway, I 
saw that it was indeed the entrance to Santorcaz’s house. 

“We must have passed it a great many times,” said Miss Fly. 
“ If I had seen it a single time I should have known it at once. You 
are thick-witted to-night, Araceli.” 

She was reaching out her hand towards the knocker. 

“ So soon, senora ?” I said, detaining her. 

“ Why, what are you waiting for ?” 

“ It is best to reconnoitre the enemy first. The house is very 
solidly built. Jean-Jean said there were — how many men inside ?” 

“ Fifty, if I remember right. But even if there were a thou- 
sand ” 

“You are right; even if there were a million.” 

We perceived a man coming towards us. It was Jean- Jean. 

^ “ Reinforcements are coming, senora,” I said. “ You will see how 
quickly I will act.” 

She grasped the knocker and struck it vigorously. I loosened my 
pistols, and then, seeing that there was no reply from within, I seized 
the knocker and rapped several times. Nothing was heard inside the 
house, though I knocked repeatedly and violently. Everything was 
as dark and silent as the tomb. The lizard or snake which was 
figured on the handle of the knocker seemed to lift its head and fasten 
its little green eyes on me, opening its horrible mouth to laugh. 

“ They won’t open the door,” said Jean-Jean. “ But they are in 
there, though : I saw them go in. They are the leading French sym- 
pathizers of the city, more thorough Masons than the Grand Copt, 
and worse atheists than Judas. In my opinion, Seiior Marquis, you 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


775 


had better go away. The carriage is waiting for you at the Sancti- 
Spiritiis gate.’^ 

Are you afraid, Jean-Jean 

“ Besides, Seiior Marquis,’’ continued he, I must inform you that 
the patrol will soon pass this way. They would be apt to take you 
and the senora for suspicious people. There are still those who believe 
that you are a spy, and the sefiora too.” 

“la spy ?” said Miss Fly, scornfully. “ I am an English lady.” 

“You may go away, Jean-Jean, if you are afraid.” 

“ You are acting like a madman,” answered the dragoon. “These 
men will fly out upon us and give us an awful beating.” 

I thought I heard the opening of a window-shutter somewhere 
overhead, and I shouted, — 

“ In the house, there ! Open the door quickly.” 

At that point I noticed a change coming over Jean- Jean’s sallow 
face, and it was certainly not a change caused by fear. 

“ I tell you I am going to leave you, Senor Marquis. The patrol 
is coming. Come along to the Sancti-Spiritus gate, or I will not be 
responsible for the consequences.” 

His insistence, and his anxiety to get us outside the city, aroused a 
horrible suspicion in my mind. However, Miss Fly redoubled her 
knocking, saying, — 

“ We must break the door down if they won’t open it.” 

I began to lose my patience and my calmness at the same time. I 
was anxious about Jean-Jean, and feared some perfidy on his part. 
Besides, the adventure was becoming grotesque, as no one responded to 
our knocking. “ It must be,” I said to myself, “ that there isn’t a soul 
in the house. The Masons have gone away, and this villain has 
brought us here only to rob us at his ease.” Just then I saw some 
one in the corner of the street. Two figures were standing there, as if 
lying in wait for us. I started to speak to the dragoon, but he sud- 
denly rushed off and joined the others. 

“ That wretch has betrayed us !” roared I, in anger. “ Sefiora, we 
are lost ! We did not count upon such treachery.” 

“ Treachery !” exclaimed Miss Fly, in confusion. “ It cannot be.” 

We had no time for discussion, as the three at once came towards us. 

“ What are you doing here?” said one of them to me. He was an 
artilleryman. 

“ I am not obliged to give an account of myself to you,” I replied. 
“ Let me pass.” 

“Is this the English camp-follower?” said the other, looking at 
Miss Fly insolently. 

“Scoundrel,” cried I, drawing my sword, “I will teach you how 
to address a lady.” 

“The little marquis has got out his toaster,” said the first speaker. 
“Young people, come with us to the guard-house. You, my lady 
sautei-elle, take the arm of Charles le T^meraire, that he may escort 
you to the public stocks.” 

“ Araceli,” said Miss Fly, “ take my whip and drive them away.” 

“ Mutton-hoof, run him through,” shouted the artilleryman. 


776 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


Mutton-lioof, as a sergeant of dragoons, was armed with a sabre, 
while the artilleryman carried only a short knife. In a flash, while 
Jean-Jean was hesitating whether to attack me or my companion, I 
thrust at Mutton-hoof with such vigor and good fortune that I stretched 
him on the ground. He uttered a hoarse cry as he fell. Then I set 
my back to the wall and waited for Jean-Jean to come on, for he had 
left Miss Fly as soon as he saw his companion fall. Meanwhile the 
artilleryman was leaning over to help the wounded man. Swift as 
thought, Athenais stooped and picked up Mutton-hoof's sabre. With- 
out waiting for Jean-Jean to attack me, I threw myself upon him, but 
he fell back, bellowing out, — 

^^Corne du diable! Do you think I am afraid of you?" 

Even as he spoke, he broke into a run down the street, and the 
artilleryman followed him like the wind. Both were shouting, — 

Police ! police !" 

There is a police station near here, senora. We must be off. 
Our little romance is over." 

We ran in the opposite direction, but had not gone ten steps when 
we heard some distance ahead the tread of many feet, and saw a file of 
soldiers hastening towards us. 

Our retreat is cut off, senora. We must go the other way." 

We searched for a cross-street, but could find none. The patrol 
was approaching. We hurried back in the other direction, but there 
were our assailants still calling for the police. 

“ They will catch us," said Miss Fly, with incomparable coolness. 

Never mind. Let us surrender." 

At that moment, as we were passing the door-way where we had 
knocked so uselessly, I saw that the door was ajar and a face peeping 
curiously out. It was like heaven opening before us. The patrol was 
near, but, as the street turned at an angle there, the soldiers could not 
see us. I flung myself against the door, and, though the man behind 
it did his best to keep us out, I exerted myself so fiercely that Miss 
Fly and I were quickly inside. Then I shot the heavy bolts with the 
rapidity of lightning. 


XXI. 

What are you doing ?" asked a man whom I saw before me, light- 
ing up the narrow entrance with a lantern. 

Saving myself and this lady," I replied, listening to the footsteps 
in the street outside the door. The patrol stopped. The soldiers must 
have been examining the body. They could not have seen us come in. 

Why," said the man, who was none other than Santorcaz, ‘‘ either 
I have lost my wits or you are Araceli." 

Precisely so, Don Luis. If you mean to expose me, you can sur- 
render me to the patrol ; but conceal this lady in some safe place until 
she is able to leave Salamanca. They are still there," I added, and 
how they do growl ! They must be taking up the body. Can he be 
dead, or only wounded ?" 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


777 


‘‘They are going away” said Athenais. “They did not see us 
enter. They will think it was only a quarrel between soldiers.” 

“ Pass in, sir and madam,” said Santorcaz, petulantly. “ Hospi- 
tality is the first duty of the son of the people, and his home must 
receive all who need his protection. Senora, have no fear.” 

“ How did you learn that 1 ever have any fear?” asked Miss Fly, 
arrogantly. 

“ Araceli, was it you who battered my door a moment ago?” 

I hesitated an instant in answering, and Miss Fly took the word 
out of my mouth, saying, — 

“ It was I.” 

Santorcaz bowed to the English lady, and then stood silently wait- 
ing to hear her reasons for knocking so loudly. 

“ Why do you stand looking at me with your mouth open ?” said 
Miss Fly, rudely. “ Go on and light us in.” 

Santorcaz looked at me in amazement. Which one of us would 
cause him the greatest surprise, I or she ? For my part, I was sur- 
prised also, and not a little, that the Mason received us so kindly. 
We slowly ascended the staircase. Loud voices could be heard in the 
interior. When we had entered a dark, bare room, Santorcaz said to 
us, — 

“Now may I know what you want in my house?” 

“We came in to escape from some wretches who wanted to assassi- 
nate us. I hope you will conceal this lady if by any chance they 
should pursue us into the house.” 

“What about yourself?” he asked, scornfully. 

“ I value my life,” I replied, “and do not wish to fall into the 
hands of Jean-Jean ; but I ask no favors of you, and this moment I 
will go out into the street if you will promise me to secure the safety 
of this lady.” 

“ I am not in the habit of betraying my friends,” said Santorcaz, 
with an air of mixed politeness and cunning. “ The lady and her 
gallant may breathe easy. Nobody shall harm them.” 

Miss Fly had sunk into a leathern chair, the only article of fur- 
niture in the room, and was looking at the two or three dilapidated 
pictures on the walls, without paying any attention to what we were 
saying. A servant came in with a light. 

“ Is that your daughter ?” asked the Englishwoman, eagerly, fixing 
her eyes upon the girl. 

“ That is Ramoncilla, my servant,” replied Santorcaz. 

“I am very anxious to see your daughter, sir,” said Miss Fly. 
“ She has the reputation of being very beautiful.” 

“ Present company excepted,” said Santorcaz, gallantly, “ I do not 
think any one is more beautiful. However, returning to our subject, 
senora, if you and your husband desire ” 

“ This gentleman is not my husband,” said Miss Fly, without look- 
ing at Santorcaz. 

“ To be sure : I meant to say your friend.” 

“He is not my friend, either; he is my servant,” said the lady, 
angrily. “ You are truly impertinent.” 


778 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


Very well. Do you and your servant think of staying at Sala- 
manca 

“No; what we want to do is to leave the city without being 
molested. I find I cannot accomplish the object for which I came 
to Salamanca, and I want to go away.” 

“ Then I will get you both out of the city before morning,” said 
Santorcaz, “ for I am making all preparations to leave at daybreak.” 

“ Shall you take your daughter with you ?” asked Miss Fly, with 
great interest. 

“ My daughter,” said the Mason, proudly, “ is never away from 
me.” 

“ And where do you mean to go ?” 

“ To France. I expect never to set my feet in Spain again.” 

“ You are not very patriotic.” 

“ No matter for that. But, sefiora, as you have expressed a desire 
to see my daughter, I will show her to you. Be kind enough to follow 
me.” 

He led us to a better furnished and better lighted room. Offering 
the Englishwoman a chair, he stepped out for a moment and came back 
leading his daughter by the hand. When the poor girl saw me, she 
turned pale as death, and I could scarcely repress a cry. 

“My daughter, this is the lady who has just come into the house 
begging our hospitality for herself and for the young man who is with 
her.” 

Ines looked like one who sees ghosts. She turned first to Miss Fly 
and then to me, as if to convince herself that we were real persons. 
I smiled, and endeavored to reassure her by the language of the eyes. 

“ It is true, she is beautiful,” said Miss Fly, gravely. “ But do 
not take your eyes off this young man who is with me. Doubtless you 
will find that he resembles another whom you know. My child, he is 
the very one you think, — the very one.” 

“ The truth is that the sly fellow,” said Santorcaz, taking me by 
the arm with impertinent familiarity, “has changed a good deal. 
When he was an officer he was decent enough to look at, but since he 
has been expelled from the army for bad behavior and cowardice, and 
taken to following after ” 

“Sir,” said Miss Fly, turning angrily to Santorcaz, “if I had 
known that you thought of insulting the person accompanying me, I 
would have preferred to remain in the street. I said that he was my 
servant, but that is not true. This gentleman is my friend.” 

“Your friend,” said he ; “ precisely ; that is what I said.” 

“ A faithful friend and a spotless gentleman, to whom I shall be 
grateful all my life for what he has done for me this night, risking his 
life in my service.” 

This was the signal for fresh bewilderment on the part of Ines. 
Her color came and went, and she devoured us with her gaze. 

“ Senor Santorcaz,” said Miss Fly, after a pause, “ do you not think 
of marrying your daughter ?” 

“ Sefiora, up to the present my daughter has appeared to be satis- 
fied with the company of her father. Nevertheless, in time — however. 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


779 


she will never marry one of the nobility or a soldier, as she and I both 
hate those enemies of the people.” 

We might take offence at what you say,” replied Miss Fly, good- 
naturedly, as I am of noble family and the gentleman here is a 
soldier. So then ” 

‘‘I was speaking only in general terms, senora. Anyhow, my 
daughter has no desire to marry.” 

“ It is impossible, lovely as she is, that she has not had suitors by 
the thousand,” said Miss Fly, looking at Ines. ‘‘ Can it be that this 
beautiful girl does not know what love is ?” 

Ines could not conceal her anger. 

“She is not in love with anybody, and never has been,” said her 
father, positively. 

“ That is not so, Seiior Santorcaz,” said the Englishwoman. “ Do 
not try to deceive me, for I know the entire history of your beloved 
daughter.” 

Ines grew as red as a cherry, and looked at me with scorn or terror, 
I could not tell which. I was silent, and judged of her feelings by 
my own. 

“ Nothing but a bit of childish silliness,” said Santorcaz, manifestly 
displeased with what he had just heard. 

“ That may be,” continued Miss Fly, “ but now both have reached 
the age of discretion, and their ideas and feelings have become more 
settled. I do not know the character of your fascinating daughter, 
but I do know the generous spirit and lofty mind of the young man 
who is listening to us, and I assure you that I can read his heart like a 
book.” 

Ines could scarcely contain herself. Her eyes gleamed with pas- 
sions which I had never seen in them before. 

“ For some time,” went on Miss Fly, “ we have been joined in 
a noble, frank, and pure friendship. This gentleman has indeed an 
elevated soul. His nature is superior to the meanness of ordinary 
life, and burns witli desire for a grand career, — for struggle and peril. 
He longs to fling himself into the tumults of war, and of society, 
where he may hope to find a mate worthy of his great soul.” 

I smiled feebly, in spite of myself, but, luckily, no one saw me, 
unless it were Ines. 

“ What do you say to this ?” asked Athenais of my sweetheart. 

“ It all seems to me very fine,” answered she, “ only I should think 
that when one has a soul so very great, he would face the perils of the 
patrol instead of rushing through the first door he found.” 

“ You see, senora,” said Don Luis, “ that my daughter is no fool.” 

“ Yes, but you are,” answered Miss Fly, rudely. 

Before she could say more, the house resounded with knocking as 
furious as ours had been a little while before. 

“The patrol !” I exclaimed. 

“ No doubt,” said Santorcaz ; “ but there is no occasion for alarm. 
I promised to conceal you. If Cerizy is in command of the patrol, he 
is a friend of mine, and all will be well. — Ines, do you take the lady 
to the library, and I will stow this citizen away somewhere else.” 


780 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


lues and Miss Fly disappeared by an inner door, and I was led 
olF to the room in which I had seen Santorcaz that morning. There 
I found five men seated about the broad table. Books were upon it, 
and bottles and papers, and they were reading, writing, and drinking, 
in the midst of much talk and laughter. I noticed also that there 
were all kinds of arms in the room. As we entered, the youngest of 
those present, a sprightly young fellow, called out, — 

They are thundering away at the door again, papa Santorcaz.” 

It is the patrol,” responded the Mason. Where shall we hide 
this young man ? Monsalud, do you know who commands the patrol 
to-night ?” 

“ Cerizy,” replied a tall and extraordinarily thin and brown man, 
with no slight resemblance to a spider. 

Then weVe no occasion to trouble ourselves,” said Santorcaz to 
me. You may go into that room yonder and conceal yourself there, 
if by chance he should come up to take a glass.” 

I stayed some time in the room pointed out to me, while Santorcaz 
went down to the street door and talked with the patrol until the officer 
in command came up to sample the bottles. 

“Good-evening, gentlemen,” exclaimed the French officer as he 
came in with Santorcaz. “What! working? A fine life, this of 
yours.” 

“ Cerizy,” said Monsalud, filling a glass, “ here^s to France and 
Spain united !” 

“Here’s to the great Fran co-Spanish empire!” said Cerizy, lifting 
his glass. “ Here’s to all good Spaniards !” 

“ What’s the news, friend Cerizy ?” asked one of the others, a grim 
and ugly old man. 

“ Oh, the duke’s near by, but we shall defend ourselves well enough. 
Have you seen the fortifications? They have no siege-guns. In fact, 
the allied army is an army pour river 

“ Poor wretches !” cried the old man, whose name was Bartolome 
Canencia. “To think of so many men about to be killed, so much 
blood going to be shed !” 

“ Senor Philosopher,” said the Frenchman, “ it is because they 
would have it so. The Spaniards ought to submit. But I cannot stay. 
There’s a wounded sergeant of dragoons down in the street.” 

“ Some quarrel ?” 

“ I don’t know. The assailants have made off. It is said they are 
spies.” 

“ It is a fact that Salamanca is full of spies.” 

“ I heard that it was a Spaniard and an Englishwoman, or else an 
Englishman and a Spanish woman, I don’t know which. But I must 
not stay. I came in because my orders were to search the houses. 
Tell me, is there to be a lodge-meeting to-night?” 

“A meeting! Why, we are going to leave.” 

“ Leaving the city !” said the French officer. “ And here I was 
hurrying as fast as I could to finish my ‘ Memoir on the Several Kinds 
of Tyranny’ ! ” 

“Bead it to yourself,” said Canencia. “The same luck befalls 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


781 


me with my ‘ Treatise on Individual Liberty’ and my translation of 
Diderot.” 

“ But why are you off?” 

Because the English are coming into Salamanca,” said Santorcaz, 
and we don’t want them to catch us here.” 

I wouldn’t give two centimes for what would be left of my neck 
after the allies got in,” said the youngest and liveliest of them all. 

The English are not going to get into Salamanca,” said the officer, 
testily, 

Santorcaz shook his head doubtfully. 

Well, you ought to be told,” said Cerizy, with increasing testiness, 
since you have made up your minds to run away the moment we find 
ourselves in a tight place, that Masons will not be so safe at Marmont’s 
head-quarters as they are here.” 

Is that so ?” 

“Yes; the general-in-chief doesn’t like them or secret societies of 
any kind. He has tolerated them because it was necessary in order to 
keep the Spaniards from joining the insurgents; but Marraont, you 
know, is something of a bigot.” 

“ Yes, we knew that.” 

“ But what you did not know is that urgent orders have come from 
Madrid to cut the French cause loose from everything that looks like 
Masonry or irreligion.” 

“ I was expecting that, for Joseph is also something of a ” 

“A bigot. Well, good luck to you, and don’t trust too much in 
the general-in-chief.” 

“ As I do not think of stopping short of France, my dear Senor 
Cerizy,” said Santorcaz, “ I am quite easy about that.” 

“ Good-evening, Senor Santorcaz. Good-evening, gentlemen.” 

“ Good-evening, Senor Cerizy, and good luck against the duke !” 

“We shall meet again in France,” said the Frenchman, as he went 
out. “ It’s a pity about the lodge, though. I was getting on so well 
with my paper. Senor Canencia, you lose a great deal by not hearing 
my ‘ Memoir on Tyranny.’ ” 

While the officer was still on the stairway, Santorcaz brought me 
from my hiding-place and presented me to his friends, saying, in a 
drawling voice, — 

“ Gentlemen, I present to you an English spy.” 

I said not a word. 

“ You are well known, little friend,” said the Mason, offering me 
a chair, “ but we shall not quarrel. Take something to drink.” 

“ I do not care for anything.” 

“ Friend Ciruelo,” said Santorcaz, addressing the youngest of the 
five, “ you are to stay in Salamanca till to-morrow, for this young man 
is going in your place to-night.” 

“ Yes, that’s it,” said Ciruelo, looking at me angrily, “ and the allies 
will come and hang me ! I am no English spy.” 

“ Englishmen ! Frenchmen !” exclaimed the philosopher Canencia, 
in a prophetic tone. “ Oh, these men who dispute about territory, not 
about ideas ! What do I care about exchanging tyrants ? For those 


782 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


who, like me, contend for philosophical principles, it’s all one whether 
Spain is governed by red coats or blue cloaks.” 

‘‘But what do you think about it?” Monsalud asked me, eying me 
curiously. “ Will the allies take Salamanca?” 

“ Yes, seiior, we will,” I answered, coolly. 

“ You say we. Then you belong to the allied army ?” 

“ I do.” 

“ Then why are you here ?” fiercely demanded of me another of 
those present, a man as big and strong as a bull. 

“ I am here because I came.” 

“This young man is trifling with us,” said Ciruelo. 

“ Well, I maintain that the allies will not take Salamanca,” said 
Monsalud. “ They have no siege-guns.” 

“ They will bring some.” 

“They do not know the kind of fortifications they will have to 
attack.” 

“ The Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo knows all about them.” 

“ I say it is an outrage that we should be showing favor to Lord 
Wellington’s spies,” said Monsalud, in a rage, rising from his seat. 

“ Sit down and be quiet, Monsalud,” said Santorcaz. “ It makes 
little difference to me whether Nosey gets into Salamanca or not. Let 
me once set my foot in my beloved France! Life is intolerable 
here.” 

“ If the French would take my advice,” interposed Ciruelo, with 
the air of one bringing forward a great idea, “ before surrendering 
this city to the allies they would blow it up. All they would have 
to do would be to put six hundred pounds of powder in the cathedral, 
as much more in the University, a similar dose in the Estudios Minores, 
in San Estebd-n, in Santo Tomds, and in all the big buildings. Let 
the allies come in, and then. Fire I What a magnificent heap of ruins ! 
In that way one would accomplish two objects, — make an end of them, 
and at the same time destroy one of the most awful monuments of 
tyranny, barbarity, and fanaticism, gentlemen ” 

“ Orator Ciruelo, you are a great one for revolutions,” said Canencia, 
petulantly. 

“All I say is,” growled Monsalud, “ that, whether the allies con- 
quer or not, I shall not leave Spain.” 

“ Nor I either,” bellowed the bull. 

“ But I am going to leave Spain forever,” declared Santorcaz. 
“ The French cause is in a bad way. Within two years Ferdinand 
VII. will be back at Madrid.” 

“ What nonsense !” 

“ If this campaign turns out badly for the French, as I believe it 
will ” 

“ Badly ? Why so ?” 

“ Marmont has not men enough.” 

“They will be sent to him. King Joseph is on the way with 
troops from New Castile.” 

“ Then there is Esteve’s division, in Segovia.” 

“ Yes, and Bonnet’s army is already near at hand.” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


783 


And Caffarelli can also be counted upon with the Army of the 
North/’ 

“ But they are not here yet,” said Santorcaz, dejectedly. Let us 
suppose, however, that those troops come up, and the French risk all 
their meat at one roasting ” 

‘‘ Why, they will conquer.” 

“ What do you think, Araceli ?” 

^ “That Marmont, and Bonnet, and Esteve, and Caffarelli, and 
King Joseph himself, will have hard work to find a corner to hide in 
if they once run against the allied troops,” replied I, with great 
coolness. 

“ We’ll see about that.” 

“So you will,” I rejoined ; “so shall we all. Do you really know 
the kind of army it is that has captured Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajos? 
Do you truly know what sort of troops those Portuguese and Spanish 
battalions are, and the English cavalry ? Imagine an immense force, 
an admirable discipline, a wild enthusiasm, and you will have some 
idea of that wave which rolls on and crushes everything before it.” 

The men looked at me in amazement. 

“ Now concede for the moment that the French are defeated, what 
will the Emperor do next ?” 

“ Send more troops.” 

“ He can’t. There is the Russian campaign.” 

“ And that is going very badly, from what they say,” I observed. 

“ It is going very well indeed, seilor,” cried Monsalud, with a 
threatening gesture. 

“ All this is a long way off, and does not concern us in the least,” 
interposed Santorcaz, with an air of disgust. “ However well the 
Emperor may come out of his dangerous campaign, he will not be 
able for a long time to send troops to Spain ; and it looks as if Soult 
was in difficulties in Andalusia and Suchet in Valencia.” 

“ You look on the dark side of everything,” said Monsalud, 
angrily. 

“ It is the war that looks dark at the present time. Anyhow, I’m 
off for France. Therefore, forward march, gentlemen ! — Araceli, give 
me your arms, for we carry none in our disguise.” 

I gave them to him, and immediately the preparations for the 
journey were begun. Some hastened to pack their portmanteaus, 
which seemed to have more documents than clothes in them. Ramon- 
cilla got her master’s baggage ready, and soon we heard the noise of 
horses and carts in the court-yard. When I went into the room where 
Ines and Miss Fly were, I was surprised to find them in an animated 
conversation, though it was not very cordial, apparently, and upon 
Ines’s face I observed an expression slightly ironic. 

I tried to have a private word with her, but Santorcaz studiously, 
and Miss Fly perhaps inadvertently, prevented me. Ines herself 
appeared to take pains not to give me a single glance. Athenais had 
retained her riding-skirt, but had covered her head and shoulders with 
a Spanish cloak. 

“ How do I look in this ?” she asked me, laughing. 


784 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


Well/^ I answered, coldly. 

Nothing more than well 

Enchanting ; most beautiful.’’ 

“ Your sweetheart, Senor Araceli,” she said, with a mirthful air, 
is pretty simple-minded.” 

“ Somewhat so, senora.” 

She will do very well for a poor man. But is it true that you 
love her, — a girl like her?” 

Oh, merciful Heaven !” I said to myself, “ if there were only 
some way for me to get out of this place with her alone !” 

The Englishwoman was about to repeat her question, when Santor- 
caz called out to us to hurry down. He and his friends had wrapped 
themselves in wretched old clothes. 

‘^The two ladies in the carriage, which John will drive; three on 
horseback, and the rest in the carts. — Araceli, you get into the cart 
with Monsalud and Canencia.” 

Father, do not ride on horseback,” said Ines. You are too 
ill.” 

111 ? I was never better in my life. Come, let’s be off ; it is very 

late.” 

We promptly set out, cutting a rather ridiculous figure of a pro- 
cession, and quietly left behind us the house and the street and Sala- 
manca itself. It seemed as if I had been a century in that city. 
When I finally found myself outside its formidable gates again, it 
was like coming back to life. 

Santorcaz had given orders that the carriage with the ladies should 
go in front. Then came the horsemen, and after them the carts, in 
one of which it was my lot to ride with the interesting persons men- 
tioned. Although it was a great relief to me to be out in the open 
country and away from the perils I had encountered in the city, I was 
far from being without causes of the sharpest anxiety. It was neces- 
sary for me to go to head-quarters, and to separate myself again from 
the treasure of my life. Found only to be lost again, there was no 
hope of my once more finding it. I could not even follow after her, as 
duty would oblige me to leave her half-way on the road. I grew des- 
perate at the thought, especially when the women riding in front were 
lost to my eyes in the darkness of the night. I leaped to the ground 
and ran after them with incredible speed, shouting to them with all my 
power, — 

Ines ! Miss Fly ! Here I am ! Wait, wait !” 

Santorcaz galloped up behind me and stopped me. 

Gabriel,” he cried, now I have got you out of the city. You 
may go away and leave us in peace. The road to Aldea Tejada is on 
your right.” 

^‘Bandit!” I exclaimed, in fury, ^^do you think I would go away 
if you had not taken my arms from me?” 

You are very courageous. This is a fine way of paying for the 
favor that I have just done you. Come, off with you I I swear to 
you that if you get in front of me again and if you dare to threaten 
me, I will treat you as you deserve.” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 735 

“ Wretch!’’ I shouted, flinging myself upon his saddle-bow and 
grasping his flabby legs, “ I can attend to you without arms.” 

But the horse reared and threw me off. 

“ Give me what belongs to me, robber I” I exclaimed, pressing after 
my enemy again. “ Do you imagine I am afraid of you ? Get off* that 
horse, give me back my sword, and we will see.” 

Santorcaz made a gesture of contempt, and the silence of the night 
was broken by his ironical laugh. The other horseman, who was the 
man like a bull, rode up to his side. 

“ Either you start this minute,” said Santorcaz, “ or we will stretch 
you out here in the road.” 

“ The English lady is to go with me,” I said, endeavoring to get 
the better of my strangling rage. “ Have her brought here.” 

“ That lady will go wherever she chooses.” 

“ Miss Fly I Miss Fly I” I shouted. 

Nobody answered me, nor could I any longer hear the noise of the 
carriage-wheels. I ran for a long distance at the side of the horses, my 
strength failing, panting, covered with sweat and tortured with rage 
and grief. Again I shouted, — - 

“ Ines, Ines ! Wait for me a moment ! I am coming !” 

My strength was almost gone. The horsemen were threatening to 
ride over me, and I had to use my last remnant of energy to escape 
them by leaping out of the road. They passed on, and the laughter 
of Santorcaz and his companion echoed in my ears like the screams of 
carnivorous birds circling about my head. All I had left was a voice, 
and I continued to shout after them as long as I thought I could be 
heard, — 

“ Wretches ! I will yet have you in my power. Be careful, San- 
torcaz I I will surely come, I surely will I” 

But the sound of wheels and of horses’ hoofs soon passed away, 
and I was left alone in the road. In my desperation, I flung myself 
to the ground, tore up the soil, and made the sky echo with my screams 
and groans. She was lost to me, perhaps forever ! I looked all about 
me, but all was darkness. Suddenly an image of the two armies of 
the most powerful nations of the world presented itself to my excited 
mind. There are the French ! Here are the English ! One step 
more, and the smoke and cries of a bloody battle will rise to the 
clouds ; one step more, and the ground where I am standing will 
tremble with the weight of the dead men falling upon it. 

“ O God of battles,” I exclaimed, “ war and extermination is what 
I desire! May not a man be left between here and France! But, 
Araceli, you must go to head-quarters ! Wellington is expecting you.” 


XXII. 

Certain that the French had gone in the direction of Toro, I bore 
off* to the south, looking for the Yalmuza, a little river four or five 
leagues from the city. I pushed on as fast as I could in my condition 
of both physical and mental distress, and at about eight o’clock reached 
VoL. LV.— 50 


786 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


Aldea Tejada, after fording the Tormes. Some peasants had told me 
before getting to the village that there were no French in it or any- 
where about, and once in the village itself I learned that a great many 
English had been seen the night before in the region of Siete Carreras 
and Tornadizos. 

My friends are not far away,” I said to myself, and, after taking 
a bite of food, hurried on. 

Arriving at Tornadizos without incident, I found there the Eng- 
lish vanguard, and several companies of Julian Sanchez’s. It was 
then ten o’clock. 

“ A horse, gentlemen ; lend me a horse,” was my first word to them. 

If you do not, you’ll have to answer to the duke for it. Where is 
head-quarters ? In Bernuy, I believe. A horse, quick !” 

They gave me one at last, and I set off at full speed. At a quarter 
before twelve I was at head-quarters. I hurried into a uniform, and 
inquired for Lord Wellington’s lodgings. 

The duke passed by here a moment ago,” said Tribaldos. He 
seemed to be walking about the village.” 

A little later, in fact, I met the duke in the public square, return- 
ing from his stroll. He recognized me at once. 

I have the honor,” I said, to inform your Excellency that I 
have been in Salamanca, and that I have brought back all the informa- 
tion which your Excellency desires.” 

All of it?” asked Wellington, without a sign either of pleasure or 
of discontent. 

All, general.” 

Have they' decided to make a defence ?” 

‘‘The French army evacuated the city yesterday afternoon, leaving 
only eight hundred men behind.” 

Wellington looked at the Portuguese general Troncoso, who was 
walking at his side. Without understanding the words which they 
exchanged in English, it seemed to me that the latter was saying, — 

“Your Excellency divined it.” 

“ This is the plan of the fortifications defending the bridge,” I said, 
presenting my sketch. 

Wellington took it and proceeded to give it the closest scrutiny. 
Then he asked, — 

“ Are you sure that there are swivel-guns in the ravelin, and eight 
ordinary pieces in the bastion ?” 

“ I counted them, general. The drawing is not technical, but there 
is not a line in it which does not represent a part of the enemy’s works.” 

“ Well, well !” he exclaimed, in surprise ; “ a fosse all the way from 
San Vicente to the Milagro !” 

“ Yes, and San Vicente has also a parapet.” 

“San Cayetano appears to be very strongly fortified.” 

“ Terribly so, general.” 

“ What about these works at the head of the bridge?” 

“ They are connected with the forts by a zigzag stockade.” 

“ I see,” said he, complacently, retaining my sketch. “ Well, you 
have fulfilled your commission satisfactorily, as far as now appears.” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


787 


‘‘You place me in your debt, general.” 

Thereupon he glanced around with that penetrating eye of his, and 
added, — 

“ They tell me that Miss Fly was rash enough to go to Salamanca 
also, to see the buildings. I do not see her.” 

“ She has not returned,” said one of the staif officers. They all 
looked at me inquiringly, in an unpleasantly suggestive manner, and I 
experienced a certain amount of embarrassment. 

“She has not returned?” said the duke, with an intonation of 
alarm, and fixing his eyes on me. “ Where is she?” 

“ General, I do not know,” I replied, in considerable confusion. 
“ Miss Fly did not go with me to Salamanca. I simply met her in the 
city, and afterwards — why, we separated on coming away, as it was 
necessary for me to be at Bernuy before twelve o’clock.” 

“Oh, that’s it,” said Lord Wellington, with the air of one who 
had attached too much importance to a. trifling affair. “ Come to my 
lodgings at once, to tell me all that I need to know about the works.” 

I had not taken two steps when an English officer stopped me. 
He was an oldish man, with a small face as red as his uniform, marked 
by an expression of intrusive vivacity, which was heightened by his 
sharp little nose and gold-bowed spectacles. We Spaniards used often 
to be surprised and not a little amused at those English artillery 
officers and members of the general staff who looked so much like 
professors or book-keepers. Colonel Simpson, for he it was, looked 
at me haughtily. I returned his gaze with interest, and, after we had 
had our fill of looking, he said, — 

“ Sir, where is Miss Fly ?” 

“ Sir, how should I know ? Has the duke made me the guardian 
of that lovely woman ?” 

“ It was expected that Miss Fly would return with you from her 
visit to the architectural monuments of Salamanca.” 

“Well, she did not, Senor Simpson. I understood that Miss Fly 
was at liberty to come and go when she pleased.” 

“ That is correct,” said the Englishman, “ but we are in a country 
where men have no respect for ladies, and something may have hap- 
pened to Athenais.” 

“ Miss Fly is mistress of her own actions,” I replied. “ In regard 
to the reason of her delay she alone can inform you, when she arrives.” 

“ These explanations do not satisfy me, sir,” said Simpson, honor- 
ing me with an angry glance which acquired a good deal of signifi- 
cance as it shot through his glasses. “Lord Fly charged me to care 
for his daughter ” 

“ Care for his daughter ? Is this the way you do it? When she 
was in peril of her life at Sancti-Spiritus I did not see you anywhere 
about. How do they care for young ladies in England ? By leaving 
it for Spaniards to offer them lodgings and to accompany them on their 
visits to abbeys and castles ?” 

“This young lady has always been accompanied by honorable 
gentlemen who have not betrayed her confidence. Miss Fly has the 
best of all guardians in her own self-respect, and we fear no impru- 


788 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


dences on her part. What we do fear, Senor Araceli, is the outrages 
and crimes which are so common among the passionate natures of this 
land. In short, I am not satisfied with the explanations which you 
have given.” 

“ I haven’t a word to add to what I had the honor of saying to 
Lord Wellington on the subject of Miss Fly’s whereabouts.” 

‘^Enough, sir,” said Simpson, turning as red as a pepper. We 
will speak of this again on a more fitting occasion. I have informed 
Don Carlos Espana of my suspicions, and he told me that too great 
reliance could not be placed upon you in such matters. Good-day, sir.” 

He left me brusquely, and I must say that the studious old officer 
had made me somewhat thoughtful. Shortly afterwards Don Carlos 
stepped up to me and said, with that free and somewhat coarse manner 
which was characteristic of him, — 

^^You sly rascal, where in the fiend’s name have you put the 
Amazon? What have you done to her? I have long known the 
kind of fellow you are. When Colonel Simpson told me he was on 
nettles about the business, I said to him, ‘ You are entirely right, my 
friend. We Spaniards consider all women as our peculiar property.’ ” 

I strove to convince him of my entire innocence in that delicate 
affair, but he laughed cynically. Then I told him about our getting 
out of Salamanca with the help of the Masons ; but when I asserted 
that Miss Fly had gone off with them, neither Espana nor any of 
those standing by would give me the slightest credence. 

I had a conference with the duke for more than an hour, but I 
found him so icy and severe with me that I was disconcerted and sad. 
He received all my information, clearly of great value to the allied 
army, without giving me any plain proof that my services were ap- 
preciated. Rather, he appeared to appreciate my action, but to be 
offended with my person. He praised my sketch, but it seemed to me 
that he doubted if it was really exact. 

I was filled with consternation, yet at the same time with the 
greatest respect for that grave personality whom all we Spaniards then 
considered little less than divine, and did not dare to open my lips 
except in answer to his questions. When the hero of Talavera finally 
dismissed me with a bow as cold and stiff as that of a statue, I took 
my departure in great confusion and dejection, but also in anger, for I 
perceived that some serious but unfounded suspicion was resting upon 
me. 


XXITI. 

That afternoon we set out towards Salamanca. We reached the 
suburbs before nightfall, and then bore off so as to cross the Tormes 
by the fords of Canto and San Martin. The men kept saying, all up 
and down the line, In the morning we shall attack the forts.” 

Lord Wellington ordered an assault principally for its moral effect 
and to try the mettle of the soldiers, who had done no fighting since 
Arroyo Molinos. The duke knew perfectly well that those powerful 
fortifications would fall only before a strong siege-train, and, in fact, 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


789 


he had ordered heavy guns brought up from Almeida. While waiting 
for them, we passed the days in feigning assaults without any result 
worth mention. Worth mention, however, were the angry glances 
which Colonel Simpson threw at me from time to time, followed up 
occasionally by bitter words, which I flung back at him with as great 
vehemence as his own. I must admit that I was somewhat uneasy, 
for day after day passed by and Miss Fly continued in eclipse. I 
heard of minute inquiries being made ; I even heard of a rigid cross- 
examination to which I was to be subjected, with severe penalties in 
case I could not give satisfactory answers. But kind Heaven, no 
doubt to save me from punishment which I did not deserve, brought 
in sight on the hills to the north of us, very early in the morning of 
the 20th, not the romantic and interesting Englishwoman, but Marshal 
Marmont and forty thousand Frenchmen. 

The attack on the forts was immediately suspended, and we took 
up a position to receive the advance of the enemy, if that was what 
he intended. But it was soon evident that Marmont had no wish to 
throw his army upon ours, but that his idea was to make a diversion 
for the benefit of the besieged, and perhaps to reinforce them. Wel- 
lington, however, although his artillery had not yet come from Almeida, 
clung with Saxon tenacity to his purpose of taking the formidable 
fortresses of San Vicente and San Cayetano. 

Tenacity may be a merit in war, but it may also be a fault, as it 
certainly was in the assault upon the forts. The Spanish division was 
posted in Castellanos, watching the French. They were moving noAV 
to the right, now to the left. We were holding them in check, when 
word was brought of the fruitless assault on San Cayetano, in which a 
hundred and twenty English were killed, among them the distinguished 
General Rowes. 

Now you see how even great men blunder,’’ said I to my friends. 

Any fool could have seen that San Vicente and San Cayetano were 
no chicken-coops. However, let us have all due respect for the mis- 
takes of our superiors.” 

Just then Carlos Espana rode up, crying out, — 

There she comes ! Hurrah ! Now we’ve got her !” 

Whom ?” I asked, in a burst of gladness. Miss Fly ?” 

'‘The artillery, gentlemen, the heavy artillery from Almeida. It 
is now in Pericalbo, and before the day is over it will reach the paral- 
lels. In the morning it will be mounted, and then we’ll see what 
those forts are good for.” 

The siege-guns, in fact, were coming into sight, and Marmont, who 
guessed it, marched to cross the river so as to draw off forces to the 
left bank of the Tormes. We saw him making for our right, in the 
direction of Huerta, and at once received orders to occupy Aldealengua. 
No sooner had the French crossed the Tormes than General Graham 
did the same, and in view of that movement Marmont took to his 
heels. He was not strong enough, especially in cavalry, to bring on a 
general engagement. 

Well, the siege-guns did the business for San Vicente and San 
Cayetano. A breach was opened on the 27th, and the stores of the 


790 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


fortress were destroyed by hot cannon-balls. The besieged asked for 
terms of surrender, but, as they were not willing to accept those which 
Wellington offered, he ordered an assault, and the entire garrison was 
captured. This event filled the whole army with delight, particularly 
as we saw Marmont set off in a hurry towards the north. We did 
not know whether he was heading for Toro or for Tordesillas, but we 
were soon to find out, for the Spanish division and Sdnchez’s guerillas 
were ordered to follow the French rear-guard. Meanwhile, the allied 
army, Salamanca being once garrisoned, marched off also towards the 
lines of the Douro. 

On the morning of June 28 we were near San Morales, on the 
road from Valladolid to Tordesillas. We were told that the enemy’s 
rear-guard had left that place only a few hours before. Espana and 
Sanchez put themselves at the head of the division with their hardy 
guerillas, who knew the country as if it were their own house, and 
gave orders for a forced march to see if we could not snatch something 
from the Frenchmen’s convoy. Without waiting for a moment’s rest, 
our vanguard struck off for Babilafuente, while the rest of us scoured 
San Morales to pick up the crumbs left by the enemy’s raid. Getting 
what comfort we could in that way, we in turn took up our march, and 
after two laborious hours came within sight of Babilafuente. But 
what we really saw was a column of black smoke rising to mingle 
with the clouds. 

‘^The French have set fire to Babilafuente!” exclaimed a guerilla. 

Farther on we could perceive the red flames waving above the 
roofs, and a crowd of despairing women, old men, and children fleeing 
across the fields. From them we learned that Es[)ana and Sanchez 
had entered the village just as the French were leaving it, after start- 
ing their fires, and that they had exchanged shots, though our men had 
given most of their attention to putting out the fire. 

We were still some two hundred yards from the village, when a 
woman mounted on a spirited horse passed across our field of vision. 
I recognized her on the instant, and my blood rushed violently to my 
brain. Pulling my horse to one side of the road, I shouted, — 

Miss Fly ! Miss Fly I Athenais ! — dear Athenais I” 

But she did not hear me, and kept on in her mad gallop. I cried 
after her again, but the wind kept my voice from reaching her. I 
spurred after her, almost doubting whether it was really she or some 
fanciful creation of the light or the wind. But no, it was she herself, 
and she seemed to be looking for a path in that treacherous plain filled 
with ditches and swamps. 

Ho, Seflora Fly !” I called. It is I! Here ! — this way !” 


XXIV. 

At last I drew near her, and she heard my voice and looked 
around. 

Thank Heaven, I’ve found you !” she exclaimed, reaching out her 
hand. Don Carlos Espana told me that you were in the rear-guard.” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


791 


My joy at seeing her well and free tempted me to embrace her 
right there in the open fields, and I might have tried to do so had she 
not drawn back with a startled air. 

A fine situation you have brought me into,’’ said I. 

“ I imagined so,” she replied, laughing. “ But it was your fault. 
Why did you leave me in the power of those people?” 

“ I did not leave you in their power, a thousand curses on them ! 
You disappeared from my sight, and Santorcaz prevented me from 
going after you. But how about our companions on that journey ?” 

“Do you mean Ines? You will find her in Babilafuente.” 

“In that village! Heavenly goodness ! Let us fly there I But 
have you had any trouble? Have you been in danger? Have those 
brutes ofiered you indignities?” 

“ No, I have been bored, that’s all. Within two hours of our 
leaving Salamanca we ran across the French. They at once accused 
the Masons of having played the spy for the allies. Santorcaz denied 
it, but one of the officers called him a liar and a cheat, and ordered 
that we should all be made prisoners. Thanks to Desmarets, I was 
shown every attention.” 

“ So you were prisoners !” 

“ Yes, they kept us there in that horrible Babilafuente while the 
duke was taking Salamanca. To tliink that I couldn’t see it done I 
Did the forts surrender? What a great service your visit to Sala- 
manca must have been I What did my lord say to you?” 

“ Oh, don’t talk of your lord to me ! I would have you know, 
Miss Fly, that the duke, far from being pleased with me, has been on 
the point of calling a council of war to try me for my crimes.” 

“ Why, how is that, my friend? What have you done?” 

“ What have I done? Why, nothing less. Miss Fly, than to have 
deceived a worthy daughter of Great Britain, taken her with me to 
Salamanca, there outraged her in I know not what horrible manner, 
and then, to crown my infamy, basely abandoned her, or hidden her, 
or killed her, for on this latter point Lord Wellington and Colonel 
Simpson are not yet agreed.” 

Miss Fly burst out into laughter so merry and unrestrained that 
I could not help laughing too. We were both riding at a smart pace 
towards the village. 

“ What you tell me, Senor Araceli,” said she, with a bewitching 
blush, “ would make a lovely story. I do not know when I have 
heard of anything so dramatic and so beautifully involved. What a 
bore life would be if it did not contain these romances 1” 

You will scatter the general’s doubts. Miss Fly, and restore me 
my honor. As far as you are concerned, I do not suppose the duke or 
Colonel Simpson have had the slightest question but that I am the 
criminal, the robber, the ogre of nursery tales, the giant of legend, 
the wicked MOor of romance.” 

“ But didn’t Simpson challenge you ?” she asked, with surprising 

complacency. . i t i n 

“He looked at me scornfully, and used words to me which 1 shall 

never forgive.” 


792 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


You will kill him, or at least wound him severely/^ she said, with 
the sweetest of smiles. I want you to fight somebody on my account. 
A man like you cannot have his dignity called in question, and if any 
one does question it you should convince him with the sword in a 
twinkling” 

“You yourself will be the most convincing proof, Athenais. For 
the present we must give our minds to rescuing those unfortunates in 
Babilafuente. Can Ines be in any danger ? Is she well ?” 

“ I do not know,” she replied, indifferently. “ The house where 
she was took fire.” 

“ And you can tell me as calmly as that !” 

“ As soon as they told us the Spaniards had come, I set out to find 
their commander. Don Carlos Espaiia received me cordially, and was 
kind enough to give me a horse to ride back to head-quarters.” 

“ Did Monsalud, Santorcaz, Ines, and the rest of them escape 
also ?” 

“ Not all of them. The head captain of those peripatetic Masons 
has been confined to his bed for three days, unable to move. How 
could he escape ?” 

“ This is a special providence,” I said, joyfully, and quickened my 
pace. “This time there will be no failure. With or without his con- 
sent, Ines shall be taken from him and sent to Madrid. — But this is 
horrible. Miss Fly ! The village is burning in every quarter.” 

“ From here it is indeed an incomparable view. I am sorry I did 
not bring my sketch-book.” 

We dismounted in the public square, and the first thing we saw 
was a wretched man, manacled, and dragged along roughly by four 
guerillas. No sooner had they got him within sight of Espaiia than 
the latter clinched his fists, knitted his heavy and ferocious brows, and 
shouted out, — 

“ Why do you bring him to me? Shoot him on the spot! These 
traitorous dogs who work for the French are to be crushed as soon as 
they are caught, and that’s the whole of it.” 

Looking more closely at the captive, I perceived it was Monsalud. 
He had been caught while jumping over a wall on his way to Villorio. 

“ General,” said I to the count, “ this poor fellow is a good deal of 
a rogue, I do not doubt, and very likely has helped the enemy ; but I 
owe him a favor next to life itself, for without his aid I could not have 
got out of Salamanca.” 

“ What’s the point of this sermon ?” demanded Espaiia, with fierce 
impatience. 

“ To ask your Excellency to pardon him, or give him some other 
punishment instead of death.” 

“There you come with your absurdities. To thunder with you! 
I will have you arrested, Araceli !” cried the count, with wild gestures. 
“ You cannot stop this thing, meddlesome youngster ! Take this insect 
away and shoot him at once. Somebody has to be punished, I tell 
you !” 

In spite of all this cruel talk, Espaiia had not reached that degree 
of ferocity which years afterwards made his name so dreadful. He 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


793 


looked first at his victim, then at me and Miss Fly, and, after relieving 
his rage in a fresh burst of abuse and defiance addressed to everybody 
in sight, he said, — 

Very well, we’ll not shoot him. Give him two hundred lashes, — 
two hundred lashes well laid on. — Boys, I turn him over to you. 
Behind the church there.” 

‘‘Two hundred lashes!” muttered Monsalud. “ I should prefer 
four bullets.” 

Just then the hubbub increased, and a guerilla dashed up,'saying, — 

“ All the grain-fields and threshing-floors between here and Villo- 
rio have been fired, and Villoruela and Huerta are also burning.” 

Don Carlos took a swift resolution. 

“ To Yillorio, to Villorio, without stopping an instant !” he shouted, 
springing to his horse’s back. “ Senor Sanchez, here goes to catch 
them if we can. We must look out for the other villages.” 

The orders were speedily given, and a part of the guerillas with 
two regiments of the line made ready to go with Don Carlos. 

“ Araceli,” he said to me, “ do you stay here and wait for my orders. 
If the English get here to-day, then push on to Yillorio; if they do 
not, remain here. Put out the fire as well as you can, and save all the 
people you are able to. And don’t forget the provisions.” 

“Very well, general.” 

“ And as for that rascal we have caught, be careful how you let him 
off a single one of his lashes. Two hundred precisely, and well laid 
on. Good-by. Keep good order, and — not one less than two hun- 
dred !” 


XXV. 

Finding myself master of the village and at' the head of the troops 
stationed in it, I began to give orders, the first one, it is needless to 
say, being for the release of Monsalud. From Miss Fly I learned 
which was the house that gave shelter to Santorcaz. It was one of 
the few which had been barely touched by the flames. At the door a 
crowd of peasants, mostly women, were crying out vociferously that 
the greatest villain ever seen in Babilafuente was inside. 

“ The one they took off to the plaza,” said an old woman, “ was a 
saint compared with the one hiding here, who is the very captain- 
general of all those devils.” 

Three or four soldiers were there, and had begun to batter down the 
door, under the encouragement of the women. Certain it is that Sau- 
torcaz would have fared badly if I had not arrived. 

The moment the door was broken down, I gave orders that no one 
should go in, and commanded the soldiers to guard the entrance and 
keep back the chattering women. Then I myself passed within the 
house, and pressed on through one room after another until I came 
to the dark little chamber where Santorcaz was lying on a wretched bed. 
Ines was clinging to him in mortal terror, like one awaiting death. 
At the sight of me she gave a joyful cry. 


794 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


Father she exclaimed, we shall not be killed ! See who is 
here !” 

Santorcaz fastened on me a pair of eyes which were like two coals 
glowing in his death-like face, and said, in a hollow voice, — 

Have you come for me, Araceli ? Has that human tiger who 
commands you sent you for me because the butchers are out of work ? 
They have already killed Monsalud, now it is my turn.” 

We have killed nobody,” said I, walking forward. 

They will not kill us !”' cried Ines, with a flood of tears. Father, 
didn’t I tell you that I thought I heard Araceli’s voice? We owe him 
our lives.” 

Santorcaz looked at me intently, as if he was not sure that it was 
really I. His countenance was greatly altered, the eyes sunken, the 
beard unkempt, the forehead shiny and parchment-like. 

They remit our death-penalty,” he said, disdainfully. They 
pardon us when I am nailed to this bed by feebleness. Is the Count 
de Espana coming up here ?” 

“ The Count de Espaiia has left Babilafuente.” 

This reply seemed to lift a great weight from the old man. He 
sat up with his daughter’s aid, and said, — 

Has he really gone, that hangman, — gone towards Villorio ? Then 
we can escape by way of — of But the English, where are they?” 

“ You cannot escape. All the roads are guarded.” 

“So I am captured !” he exclaimed. “ I am your prisoner. You 
have caught me like a rat in a trap, and I must submit to you and 
perhaps go away with you.” 

“ Yes, you are my prisoner as long as I wish.” 

“ And you will do to me whatever you desire !” 

“ I will do what I should ; and first of all ” 

Santorcaz, when he saw me looking at his daughter, caught her 
in his arms, and screamed, — 

“ You shall not take her from me alive ! Is this the way you reward 
me for what I did for you in Salamanca? Order your murderous 
soldiers to shoot us, but do not separate us !” 

I looked at Ines, and saw in her face such an expression of filial 
affection for the old man that I could do no less than recall my hasty 
resolution. 

“ Senor Santorcaz,” I said, “ let us have a clear understanding. I 
leave you at liberty to go wherever you want to. I undertake to guar- 
antee you perfect security until you pass beyond the limits of the allied 
army. But this young woman is my prisoner, and is to go nowhere 
except to Madrid to be with her mother.” 

I looked steadily at Ines as I said this, while she glanced from me 
to her father as if in a trance. 

“ You are crazy,” said he. “ My daughter will not leave me. Ask 
her, and you will see how she feels about it. That being so, Araceli, 
will you let us escape, or not?” 

“ I cannot stay to debate these matters with you. I have already 
told you all that is to be said. For the present you may stay in this 
house, and no one will dare to harm you.” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 795 

A prisoner ! Caught in this way burst out Santorcaz, weeping 
with despair. Captured by this hired ruffian !’* 

Ines put her hands on his shoulders to quiet him, and gathered up 
the bedclothes which he was throwing about. 

Caught like a rat the sick man went on. “ It’s enough to 
drive me crazy. Oh, those miserable French traitors ! I worked for 
them, and this is my pay. Who says that I am ill and feeble and 
shall never get up again ? It is a lie ! I will get up, and woe to the 
man who stands in my way ! Araceli, be careful, be careful ; I may 
yet teach you ” 

His breath failed him, and his words became unintelligible. I 
could hear only broken mutterings and guttural cries. I touched his 
hands, and they were burning. 

This man is very ill,” I said to Ines, who was looking at me 
helplessly. 

I know it, but there is nothing in the house, no medicine, no food, 
nothing.” 

I called up my orderly from the street, and bade him give Ines 
everything she needed, so far as the resources of the place extended. 

My orderly will stay near you,” I said to her. “ The door will 
be secured. You must be tranquil. We shall be here all day. Good- 
by. I must go now to the plaza, but I will come back soon, for we have 
a great deal, a very great deal, to talk about.” 


XXVI. 

When I returned I found her at the bedside of the sick man. She 
signed to me to be quiet, leaned over Santorcaz to make sure that he 
was asleep, and then led me into the adjoining room. We sat down 
face to face. 

Have you had any fresh word of my mother ?” she asked, with 
emotion. 

No ; but we shall soon see her.” 

What ! here ? Such happiness is not for me.” 

'‘I will write to her this very day, telling her that I have found 
you. I shall tell her to come at once to Salamanca.” 

Oh, Gabriel, you are doing just what I was desiring,— -what I 
have been wanting for a long time. If you had been discreet in Sala- 
manca, and had listened to me before ” 

Dearest,” said I, affectionately, you have many things to explain 
to me, which I do not understand at all.” 

And haven’t you to me ? Indeed, you will need to be very care- 
ful in your explanations. Until you clear up your own account you 
need not expect a single word from me.” 

“ For six months I have been searching for you, my life, — six 
months of weariness, of suffering, of anxiety, of desperation. God 
knows that I have fairly earned you.” 

And all that time,” she said, with charming mischievousness. 


796 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


“has that Englishwoman been with you who calls you her knight, 
and who made me frantic with her questions?’^ 

“ Her questions 

“ Yes ; she wanted to know everything. She cared little about me, 
but was immensely interested in your affairs. She tired me so with 
her eagerness to know all the mad and sublime achievements which you 
had accomplished on my behalf that I could not well help amusing 
myself a little at her expense.’^ 

“ Well done, dear one 

“ How arrogant she is ! She laughs at everything I say, and, ac- 
cording to her, I cannot open my mouth without saying the most stupid 
things. However, I made her pay for it. As she insisted upon know- 
ing all your lover’s exploits, I told her that after the battle of Bailen 
twenty-five armed men tried to kidnap me, but that you killed them all.” 

Ines smiled mournfully, and I choked down a laugh. 

“ I also told her that in Pardo, in order to get near me, you dis- 
guised yourself as a duke, and did it so skilfully that the whole court 
was deceived and presented you to the Emperor Napoleon, who shut 
himself up with you in his cabinet and confided to you his plan of 
campaign against Austria.” 

“ So you avenged yourself,” said I, with delight. “ Embrace me, 
little one, embrace me, or I shall die.” 

“ Yes, in that way I had my revenge. In addition I told her that 
at Aranjuez you used to swim the Tagus every night to see me; that 
once you rode eighty leagues to bring me a flower ; that you fought 
duels with six French generals for having looked at me. Oh, ray dear 
sir, you must not say that I did not look out for your reputation. She 
listened to me with her beautiful mouth wide open. What do you 
think? She takes you for a kind of Cid.” 

“ How you did fool her !” I exclaimed, drawing my chair nearer to 
Ines. “ But were you jealous ? Do tell me that you were, so that I 
shan’t stop laughing for three days running.” 

“Senor Araceli,” she said, scowling divinely, “yes, I was jealous, 
and I am jealous now.” 

“ Jealous of that crack-brained creature ! My darling ! Ines, em- 
brace me !” 

She snatched away her pretty little hands and slapped my face as I 
tried to get nearer. I seized them in the air and kissed them. 

“ Ines, dear, embrace me ; do it, or I will eat you !” 

“ Are you hungry ?” 

“I am hungry for your love, my wife. Just think of it! — six 
months loving a shadow ! How did you endure it ?” 

I did not know what I was saying. She was profoundly moved, 
and could not keep back her tears, fight as she would. 

“ Think no more of that woman,” I said, “ unless you want to 
offend me. Is it possible that you, with your nobleness of soul, with 
your penetration, could have supposed •” 

“No, I am not crying for that, beloved,” she said, looking at me 
with deep tenderness. “ I am crying I don’t know why. I think it 
must be for joy.” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


797 


Oh, if Miss Fly could only see us now, she would understand 
what a ditference there is between her poetic fantasies and this inex- 
haustible fountain of the heart ; she would ’’ 

Don’t mention Miss Fly to me,” she said, drying her eyes. At 
first, I will admit, I was doubtful, I was even jealous; but when I 
came to know her, that vanished. Yet she is very beautiful, — more 
beautiful than I am.” 

‘‘The idea of comparing her to you! She is a perfect tom- 
boy.” 

“Well, in spite of all her good qualities. Miss Fly made me laugh, 
I don’t know why, precisely. I thought the matter over, and I said to 
myself, ‘ It is impossible. Good heavens, that cannot be I’ ” 

“ Ines, I too have been jealous, not in the way you were, but even 
more terribly.” 

“ Why so?” she asked. 

“ Alas, I remembered your good mother, and I said to myself as 
I looked at you, ‘ The creature doesn’t love us any more.’ ” 

“ Not love you ?” 

“ My darling, I am going to question you the way they do children. 
Whom do you love?” 

“ I love everybody.” 

“ Do you love your enemies, your cruelest enemies ?” 

“ I love my father,” she said, firmly. 

“ Yes, but your father ” 

“ You are going to say that he is a bad man ; but that is not true. 
You do not know him.” 

“Very well, dear, I believe what you say; but the circumstances 
under which you came into his power were not of a sort to make you 
fond of him.” 

“You are talking of what you do not understand. I could tell 
you things ” 

“ Wait; let me finish. I know what you are going to say. You 
have found in him a deep and noble fatherly affection.” 

“ Yes, but something more, too.” 

“What?” 

“ Misfortune. He is the unhappiest man in the world.” 

“ That is perfectly true. But tell me, you surely had no sympathy 
with his feelings of hatred and revenge?” 

“ What I hoped to do,” she said, simply, “ was to reconcile him to 
those whom he hated, or appeared to hate.” 

“Reconcile him I” I cried, in astonishment. “Oh, Ines, if you 
were to do that, if you were to do that by the mere force of your 
sweetness and goodness, I should think you the most wonderful person 
in the world ! Ines, you do not love me ! you cannot love me I” 

“ Why do you say that ?” 

“ Because it is impossible ; because I do not deserve you.” 

“Well, I must say you act as if you had lost your wits.” 

“But if your heart does not know how to do anything except love, 
perhaps it has something for me in a little corner.” 

“ A little corner ? How little ?” 


798 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


‘^How happy you make me! But I am telling you the truth, — I 
do wish I were an unfortunate man/^ 

She answered me only by mocking laughter. 

I wish it so. that you might have loved me as you have loved 
your father, so that you might wear yourself out for me, so that you 

might But are you still laughing? Am I talking nonsense 

Of theouost monstrous kind.^^ 

Tell me that you love me ! tell me so V* 

“ That’s a fine thing to say !” 

But you never did tell me so. Perhaps you will be bold enough 
to say that you have ?” 

“ Far from it !” she exclaimed, with enchanting mirth. 

I do not know what more I was going to say, but just then a 
hoarse voice was heard from the other room. 

No, you mustn’t go, my dove, without embracing your husband,” 
I cried, pressing her to my heart. 

She freed herself from my arms and flew to the sick man. 


XXVII. 

Some one was making a great noise outside, calling out and beating 
at the door with a whip. It was Miss Fly. I let her in, and she 
smiled a gracious and somewhat coquettish smile as she caught sight 
of me. My attention was struck by the care with which her toilet 
had been made, a rather surprising thing in that place and at that 
time. It cannot be denied that she was fascinating. I could do no 
less than compliment her on her appearance, but she rejoined, — 

Senor Araceli, there was a little water left over for me after your 
soldiers had put out the fire, and I managed to find a comb and brush 
in one of the houses. But, major, is this the way you do your duty ? 
Wouldn’t you look better at the head of your troops? Only a moment 
ago Leith came up with his division, and was inquiring for you.” 

After that piece of news I could not stay. I took my leave of 
Ines, ordering Tribaldos to look after the house and the two prisoners. 
By the time I reached the plaza, where Miss Fly left me without any 
apparent reason, the English troops were arriving. I reported to 
General Leith that I had been ordered by Espafia to await the coming 
of the English, and he gave orders to spend the night where we were. 

It is impossible to overtake the French,” he said. They have 
a great lead of us, and it would be difficult to strike them with our 
soldiers as tired as they are.” 

I was glad enough to stay, and set about making arrangements to 
have Santorcaz and his daughter carried to Salamanca. Luckily, my 
good friend Figueroa was going back there that afternoon to rejoin the 
garrison, and I put my prisoners in his charge. With some difficulty 
we found a covered cart, in which we stowed away father and daughter, 
sending Tribaldos along with a good supply of provisions. With the 
work of getting them on the way and of writing a long account of 
everything to the countess, the day was busily filled up for me. 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


799 


At daybreak we were off in pursuit of the French. They did not 
stop till they had passed the Douro at Tordesillas, whence their lines 
stretched out to Simancas. There they were reinforced by Bonnet^s 
division, and we stationed ourselves on the left bank, watching their 
movements. The question was at what point of the river the French 
would cross to attack the allied army. Our head-quarters were at La 
Seca. 

Marmont, as may readily be supposed, had no idea of doing what 
we wanted him to, and suddenly headed for Toro. That meant left 
wheel for everybody, English, Spanish, Portuguese, — on the march 
again for the Guarena and those luckless villages of Babilafuente and 
Yillorio. 

And this is what they call war I heard one of the men saying. 

The English must have good legs, to like so much exercise. Mar- 
mont will not give us battle at the Guarena either, and then we will 
have to hunt for him at the Pisuerga or the Adaja, or perhaps on the 
Manzanares or the Abronigal, at the very gates of Madrid.’’ 

In fact, the only result of two weeks of marching and counter- 
marching was to find ourselves again in the suburbs of Salamanca. 
But the most absurd thing was when we danced the minuet, as the 
Spanish soldiers called it, for it happened once that the two armies 
marched the whole day in parallel lines, they by the left and we by 
the right, only a cannon-shot apart, and yet not a single cartridge was 
fired. The soldiers had many sarcastic things to say of the wonderful 
strategy which led to this contredanse, as some called it. 

I tried to get leave of absence to go to Salamanca, bnt could not. 
However, I had the comfort of learning that all was going well in 
Santorcaz’s house. As for Miss Fly, she had honored me with con- 
versation more than once in the course of our marches. In fact, we 
scarcely ever halted without my having a visit from. her. She usually 
talked to me of some of her fancies and passions, and my remarks to 
her were a mixture of the most elaborate courtesy and jesting. With 
it all, I observed that my English companions had not freed them- 
selves from the suspicion which Miss Fly’s journey to Salamanca had 
awakened. Although she had finally returned to head-quarters, my 
reputation seemed to be considered fully as problematical as on the day 
I reached Bernuy. Twice, when I had occasion to talk with the duke, 
I was filled with grief to find him not merely contemptuous, but 
extremely severe and implacable with me. Colonel Simpson’s specta- 
cles shot Olympian rays at me, and in general all my acquaintances 
among the English showed in various ways how slight was their 
opinion of my worthy self. 

On the morning of July 21, just after we had occupied the hill 
commonly called the Little Arapil, Miss Fly rode up to me unex- 
pectedly, and said, — 

They say there is going to be a great battle.” 

No doubt. The French are there towards Cavarrasa. When is 
it going to be ?” 

To-morrow. You look as if you were glad.” 

And you will be glad too, sefiora. Such a soul as yours needs 


800 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


great spectacles in order to sustain itself at its proper height. We are 
going to fight the Empire, the common enemy, as they say in England, 
and to conquer.’’ 

Athenais did not reply to me, as I expected, with a great outburst 
of enthusiasm. All the poesy of her romances seemed to have got 
mixed up with timidity. 

Yes, there will be a great battle,” she said, dejectedly, and we 
shall win. But — a great many will be killed. Doesn’t it occur to 
you that you may be kilted ?” 

‘^I? What of that? What does the life of one poor soldier 
amount to, provided the flag is victorious ?” 

You are right. But still you should not expose yourself. They 
say the Spanish division will not take part. If you are not under 
fire to-morrow, as I hope you will not be, let me know. Good-by ; 
good-by.” 

But wait a moment. Miss Fly,” I said, trying to detain her. I 
do not understand ” 

No, I cannot. You are very indiscreet. If you knew what they 
say ! Good-by.” 

I called after her, and had taken a few steps in pursuit of her, 
when a carriage stopped directly before me in the middle of the road. 
The door was flung open, and I saw a hand, an arm, a face. Merciful 
heaven, it was the countess ! There she was, looking at me, beckoning 
to me. I rushed towards her, insane with joy. 


XXVIII. 

Before going on, I must tell something of the place and time. In 
the afternoon of the 21st we crossed the Tormes, some by the bridge 
at Salamanca, others by the fords in the neighborhood. According to 
the best information we could obtain, the French had crossed the same 
river at Alba de Tormes, and apparently were stationed in the woods 
beyond Cavarrasa. Our line was not very extended, the left resting 
on the ford of Santa Maria and the right on the Little Arapil, near 
the Madrid road. A small English division occupied the most ad- 
vanced portion of the line, in the direction of Cavarrasa. 

It was on the slope of the Little Arapil that Athenais met me, 
afterwards riding off towards Cavarrasa, and there, too, that I first 
caught sight of the countess. I ran to her, as I said, and kissed her 
hand with the most ardent emotion. My great joy left me no power 
of expression beyond some half-inarticulate cries of affection, and I ex- 
pected similar expressions from her. But, to my bitter surprise, I ob- 
served in her eyes a strange severity that left me like one stupefied. 

“ My daughter?” she asked, coldly. 

She is in Salamanca, seilora. Yon could not have come more 
opportunely. Tribaldos, my orderly, will go with you. It was fortu- 
nate that we met here.” 

I knew that you were here,” she said, in the same cool tone, with- 
out a glance of affection or pressure of the hand. ‘‘ I stopped a few 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


801 


minutes in Cavarrasa, where I met Sir Thomas Parr. He told me 
where you were, together with other things about your conduct which 
have caused me as much surprise as indignation.’’ 

About my conduct, seiiora !” I exclaimed, with as keen a sense 
of pain as if a blade of steel had pierced my heart. I know of 
nothing in my conduct which could displease you.” 

“I made the acquaintance of Sir Thomas in Cadiz, and he is a 
gentleman incapable of deception,” she proceeded, with a gleam of 
unutterable anger in her eyes. You have betrayed an English girl ; 
you have been guilty of outrageous wickedness and villany.” 

I, seiiora, I ? Do you think me capable of such baseness ?” 

They all say so. Sir Thomas Parr is not the only one to say so. 
Wellesley will tell me the same, I do not doubt.” 

Well, if Wellesley should say so,” I cried, in desperation, ‘^if 
Wellesley should say so, I would tell him ” 

That he lies ?” 

No, the first gentleman of England, the first general of Europe, 
cannot lie. It is impossible that the duke should say anything of the 
kind.” 

There are facts which cannot be explained away,” she added, sor- 
rowfully. They tell me that the injured young woman is disposed 
to insist that you be forced to live up to the English laws regarding 
marriage.” 

When I heard this, a wild hilarity and a terrible indignation met 
in my soul. I shrieked with laughter, and at the same time was on 
the point of screaming with rage. 

“ Seiiora, I have been slandered. It is false ! it is a lie !” I roared, 
pushing myself half-way into her carriage. It will drive me crazy 
if you credit this vile calumny.” 

“Oh, a calumny!” she said, with an expression of real pain. “I 
never should have believed it of you. One has to live to see such 
dreadful things. But tell me, shall I soon see my daughter?” 

“ I say again it is false, seiiora I You are killing me I you will 
drive me to doing something desperate !” 

“And no one will prevent me from taking her back with me?” 
she asked, eagerly, paying no attention to my frenzy. “Well, have 
your orderly come. I cannot stop. Didn’t you tell me in your letter 
that everything was arranged ? Is that villain dead ? Is my daugh- 
ter alone and expecting me? Answer me.” 

“ I do not know, seiiora. I know nothing. You must not ask me 
about anything. As soon as you distrust me ” 

“ Yes, and greatly. In whom can one have confidence? Let me 
go. You are not the same to me that you were.” 

“ Seiiora, seiiora, do not say that, or it will kill me.” 

“ Very well, if you are innocent you will have time to prove it to 
me.” 

“ No, no. To-morrow there is to be a great battle, and I may be 
killed. We may never see each other again. We are on a field of 
battle. To-morrow this very spot may be covered with corpses.” 

My passionate words evidently affected the countess. She looked 

Yol. LY.— 51 


802 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


about and observed the great numbers of soldiers ; then she covered 
her face with her hands and sank back in her carriage. 

‘‘How dreadful !’’ she said. “A battle ! Are you afraid 

“ I am more afraid of slander.’’ 

“ If you can prove your innocence, I shall feel that I have re- 
covered a lost son.” 

“ You shall recover him !” I exclaimed. “ But is it not enough 
that I say so ? Does not my word suffice? Did we become acquainted 
yesterday ? Oh, if Ines had heard what you have, she would not 
have believed it. Her noble soul would have absolved me without a 
word on my part.” 

A voice shouted, — 

“ Out of the way with that carriage !” 

“ Good-by,” said the countess. “ I cannot stay here.” 

“ Good-by, senora,” I said. “ If we never meet again, you must 
be sure that I have the same feeling for you and for another person 
dear to us both that I always have had. I would not have these 
doubts ” 

The carriage passed on, forced to make room for a battery. When 
I had my last glimpse of the countess, she had her handkerchief at 
her eyes. 

Absorbed with my own private sorrows, I did not at first observe 
the general staff coming along the road in the direction of Little 
Arapil. The duke and his aides dismounted, and began to scrutinize 
the country towards Cavarrasa. He called out to the officers of the 
regiment stationed nearest him, and, as I was the first to reach him, he 
said, — 

“ Ah, it is you, Senor Araceli.” 

“ It is, general ; and, if your Excellency will permit me at this 
time to speak of a private matter, I will beg you immediately to throw 
light upon the slanders which have circulated about me since my trip 
to Salamanca. I cannot endure ill repute brought by the gossip of 
malicious people.” 

Lord Wellington scarcely noticed me at all. After scanning the 
entire horizon with his glass, he said, without looking at me, — • 

“Senor Araceli, I can only tell you that I am determined to have 
Great Britain respected.” 

As I had never failed in respect for Great Britain or the other 
European Powers, those words of his, seeming to veil a threat, discon- 
certed me not a little, but I promptly replied, — 

“ Great Britain ! I should like nothing better than to die for her !” 

“General Pack,” said Wellington vivaciously to one of his officers 
with him, “ there is a vacancy among the aides of the 23 d of the line. 
Put this young Spaniard in it, who is anxious to die for Great Britain.” 

“ For the glory and honor of Great Britain,” I added. 

General Pack gave me a kindly glance. 

“Desperation,” then said Wellington, “is not the principal source 
of courage ; but I shall be glad to see Seilor Araceli to-morrow on the 
crest of the Big Arapil. I suspect that the French are planning to 
occupy it in the morning.” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


803 


The duke appeared slightly uneasy. For a long time his glass ex- 
plored all the woods and hills to the west. Little could be seen, as 
the night was coming on. The army was taking the position indicated 
by its commander, and I went to say good-by to my companions in 
the Spanish division. 

We are to go to Torres,’^ said Espafia to me, to the extreme 
right of the line, more to observe the enemy than to attack him. 
The plan is admirable. The only thing lacking is to occupy the Big 
Arapil.” 

‘‘ That is planned for, general. Pack’s brigade, to which I now 
belong, will be at dawn in the hermitage of Santa Maria de la Pena. 
After that — well, whatever the honor of Great Britain demands.” 

“Good-by, my dear Araceli : bear yourself like a man.” 

“ Good-by, dear general. I salute my comrades from the crest of 
the Big Arapil.” 


XXIX. 

The Arapil Grande ! It was the larger of those two rocky sphinxes 
rising one over against the other, looking at each other and looking at 
us. One of the most bloody of dramas was to be unrolled on the 
day following, — the true preface of Waterloo. The first of these so- 
called Arapils, the little one, belonged to us; the second, the large one, 
belonged to no one the night of the 21st. It belonged to no one for 
the very reason that it was the prey most coveted by both sides ; the 
leopard on one side and the eagle on the other were watching it with 
an eager desire to seize it, but afraid to seize it. Each dreaded meet- 
ing the other at the very moment of planting its foot upon the invalu- 
able height. 

With the first light of day the brigade set out for the Arapil 
Grande. The nearer we got to it the surer we were that the French 
were ahead of us ; the hill was nearer their line, and their march was 
shorter. General Pack deployed his forces, and the skirmishers spread 
to right and left. All eyes were fixed on the hermitage, about half- 
way up the hill, and on the scattered houses, the only buildings in the 
long and bare wastes of the landscape. 

Several columns marched forward without encountering an obstacle, 
and we came up to within a hundred yards of Santa Marla de la Pena. 
There the ground fell away a little in front of us, and we saw, first a 
line of heads, then of shoulders, then of full-length figures. It was 
the French. They did not seem to see us very clearly, as the rising 
sun was in their eyes. A distant murmur reached our ears, and on 
our side exclamations were heard among the Highlanders. That was 
enough to set loose the electric spark. A volley was delivered. The 
skirmishers bore the brunt of it, but some of them ran forward to 
seize the hermitage. 

In front of it was a court-yard, something like a cemetery. The 
English pressed into it, but the French controlled the main part of the 
building and the additions in the rear. Consequently, before our men 


804 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


could break in the door, they opened fire upon them from the bell- 
tower and through the skylight opening above the portico. 

General Pack, who was one of the bravest and coolest gentlemen 
that I ever knew, harangued the Highlanders. The colonel in com- 
mand of the 3d harangued his men ; all the officers, in fact, harangued, 
including myself, who spoke Spanish. I have no doubt that the men 
understood me. 

The 23d of the line had not entered the court-yard, but had flanked 
the hermitage on the left in order to see if more of the French were 
coming up. If not, the game was ours, for the simple reason that we 
outnumbered them. But we immediately saw another column of the 
enemy. To await it, to give it breathing-space, that is to say, to appear 
even for a moment to be afraid of it, would have been to give up in 
advance our advantage. 

“ At them P shouted my colonel. 

The 23d of the line fell like an avalanche upon the French column. 
Then began a sharp struggle, foot to foot. Our English were shaken 
a little, for the dash of the enemy was something terrible at the first 
onset; but, loading again with that imperturbable constancy which, if 
it is not heroism, is the next thing to it, the advantage was soon all on 
our side. The French withdrew in disorder, or, rather, changed their 
tactics, breaking up into small groups to wait for reinforcements. The 
losses were about equal on the two sides; but so far it was nothing, 
mere child’s play, a harmless preface which one could almost laugh at. 

Our real disadvantage consisted in not knowing the force which the 
French could bring against us. Before us we saw the thick forest 
of Cavarrasa, and no one knew what was hidden beneath that mantle 
of green. Were they many or few? When the intuition or genius 
of great captains cannot answ'er such questions, military science is in 
danger of becoming as vain and fruitless as the jargon of pedants. 
We gazed on the woods, but the thick foliage of the oaks told us 
nothing. It was an enormous mass of green, like a horrible monster 
squatting upon the earth, with head stretched forward and wings ex- 
tended, under which perhaps were brooded innumerable warriors. 

When Pack saw the second French column in retreat, he ordered 
the attack upon the hermitage to be redoubled. The Highlanders 
assaulted it at several points, and it would not have been hard to carry 
it had not something peculiar happened over by the forest. The 
monster seemed to move. One of its wings was lifted, and a swarm 
of men who looked, in the distance, no larger than ants, poured from 
beneath it. Then they grew in size as they drew near. The pygmies 
became giants. Their helmets gleamed. Their swords flashed in the 
morning light. Column after column came on in threatening array, 
man after man. 

All our officers looked at each other without saying a word. With 
the speed of good tactics. General Pack, without abandoning the assault 
of the hermitage, sent us more men, and we waited quietly. The 
forest kept on vomiting soldiers. 

We shall have to fight on the defensive,” said the colonel. 

“ So we shall. Hurrah for England !” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


805 


Vive V Empereur repeated the distant echoes. 

Englishmen, England is watching you !’’ 

The cries of ^^Vive V Empereur resounded louder and louder. 
The animal was getting near, and his fierce bellowing was somewhat 
unsettling to the nerves. 


XXX. 

If I had been in General Pack’s place I would have risked every- 
thing on a single cast, and endeavored to throw the enemy into con- 
fusion by a sudden attack before he could attack us. But the English 
never attempt these strokes of mad audacity, which fail twenty times 
for once that they succeed. On the contrary, Pack threw his force into 
a defensive position ; with swift and admirable judgment he noted 
and took advantage of every accident of the ground, — the slight hollows 
in the hill on that side, the isolated boulder, the solitary tree, the ruined 
wall. 

The French drew near. We eyed each other from afar with sus- 
picion, we sniffed the air, we listened for each other. Have you ever 
seen a stork stretching its neck from one side to the other, in such a 
way that you cannot tell whether it is listening or looking, standing on 
one foot and lifting up the other to make sure that it will find solid 
ground when it puts it down ? Well, that is the way the French came 
towards us. Some of our men were laughing at them. Aside from 
this, there was the most absolute silence in the ranks. Were they 
soldiers lying in wait, or monks at their prayers? 

But suddenly the stork put both feet on the ground. A thousand 
muskets sounded as one, and there came at us a human wave of bayo- 
nets, of yells, of ferocity. In its turn, there rose hoarse about me the 
defiant cry of the English. I had seen wonderful things done by 
French and Spanish soldiers in the way of assaults, but I had never 
seen anything comparable to the English acting on the defensive. I 
had never seen columns stand up to be sabred. The lifeless trunk of 
an oak does not receive the stroke of the axe with more constancy than 
did those men the bayonet. Repeatedly they repulsed the French and 
sent them fleeing far beyond the hermitage. There were men enough 
for everything, — to die, resisting, and to kill, assaulting. Several times 
it seemed as if we had driven them back for good, but the forest, 
driving out new broods from under its feathers, would again place us 
at a disadvantage. It is true that several companies came to reinforce 
us from the Little Arapil, but we remained greatly outnumbered. 

The slaughter was great on both sides, though greatest on ours. 
We did not yield an inch, but neither could we advance, and we had 
to abandon the court-yard of the hermitage. But we clung to the huts 
and sheds, and the Highlanders acted as if they would never give them 
up. But this desperate equilibrium could not be maintained forever. 
If the French should bring up more men, or if Lord Wellington 
should send strong reinforcements, the question might be decided. 
General Pack summoned me, and said, — 


806 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


^^Ricle to head-quarters and tell the duke of our situation/’ 

I mounted and rode oiF at full speed. As I went down the slope 
towards the allied army, I could distinguish perfectly the masses of 
the French army in constant motion ; but not a shot was exchanged 
between the two main bodies. All the interest was fixed on that scene 
to one side on the Arapil Grande, though it seemed but an insignificant 
detail, a mere caprice of the military genius which was planning a 
great battle. 

As I passed by the various divisions of the allied array, I was 
struck by the quiet way in which they were awaiting orders. One 
would have thought that there was no battle, that there was not even 
going to be one. Yet the officers, standing on the gun-carriages, were 
watching through their glasses the course of events on Arapil Grande. 

Why do not all these troops fly to Pack’s aid ?” I asked myself, 
in amazement. 

The fact was that neither Wellington nor Marmont wished to show 
any great desire to occupy Arapil Grande, for the very reason that 
both considered it the key of the battle. Marmont feigned various 
movements to distract Wellington ; he threatened to strike for tlie 
Tormes, so as to draw away the calm eye of the English captain from 
the position on the Arapil ; then he pretended to fall back altogether, 
as if declining battle. But all the while Wellington, quiet, calm, 
watchful, alert, stood in his place, with his eye on the manoeuvres of 
the French, and kept in his hand the thousand reins of that army 
which he would not give its head before the time. 

Marmont was trying to deceive Wellington ; but Wellington was 
not only trying to deceive Marmont, he actually was deceiving him. 
The Frenchman was manoeuvring for the purpose of confusing his 
enemy ; but the Englishman, intent on the tactics of the other, was 
only waiting for the slightest mistake to be made in order to fall upon 
him. At the same time he affected to attach small importance to 
Arapil Grande, and placed a large body of troops on the right bank 
of the Tormes, as if he thought that the critical point in the battle. 
All the while he had ready an enormous force ready to go to the hill 
in case of necessity. But that necessity, in his judgment, had not yet 
arrived, nor would it arrive as long as any of the men in Santa Maria 
de la Peila were alive. 

It was ten o’clock in the morning, and, apart from the brief en- 
gagement I have described, the two armies had not fired a shot. As I 
passed through the ranks, several officers eagerly asked me questions 
which, of course, I could not stop to answer. Reaching head-quarters, 
I found Wellington on horseback, surrounded by his staff. I hurriedly 
told him what had occurred, and added, emphatically, — 

It cannot be done.” 

What cannot be done?” he asked, imperturbably. 

Arapil Grande cannot be occupied.” 

I did not order General Pack to occupy it, for that was impos- 
sible,” he replied. The French are very near it, and since yesterday 
have made a thousand preparations to dispute that position with us, 
although they have tried to conceal it.” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


807 


Then I am to report ’’ 

I did not order General Pack to completely occupy the hill, but 
to prevent the French from establishing themselves there. They have 
not established themselves, have they? Are not the 23d of the line, 
and the 3d and the 7th Highlanders, still tliere?’’ 

“A few of them are still there, general.’^ 

With the reinforcements I have sent there are enough for the 
purpose, which is to act on the defensive, — only on the defensive. It 
will be sufficient if no Frenchman is allowed to get on this side of the 
hill. Even if they cannot take the hermitage, I think they must have 
men enough to engage the enemy for a few hours.’’ 

“ No doubt, general,” I said. However quickly they may be 
killed, eight hundred men will give an account of themselves. We 
can hold our ground till mid-day.” 

While I was saying this, he was giving more attention to the dis- 
tant lines of the enemy than to me. Suddenly he turned quickly to 
General Alava, who was at his side, and said, — 

Things are changing. The French are extending their lines too 
much. They mean to outflank me with their right.” 

A formidable mass of Frenchmen was marching off towards the 
Tormes, leaving a large gap between that section of the army and the 
one at Cavarrasa. One would have needed to be blind not to see that 
into that gap the genius of the allied army was going to thrust his 
terrible sword up to the hilt. 


XXXT. 

The general staff fell back a little, orders were given, officers rode 
away in all directions, a significant murmur ran through the whole 
army, the artillery moved forward, the horses neighed. Without 
waiting to see more, I flew back to the Arapil to tell of the complete 
change of the situation. 

The thought of the general-in-chief was carried to the army in 
orders delivered with inconceivable rapidity. We all guessed it, by 
virtue of that strange solidarity which at certain moments is estab- 
lished between the will and the body, between the brain that thinks 
and the hands that execute. The plan was to throw the centre into 
the gap in the enemy’s line, and at the same time to fling upon the 
Arapil the whole force of the right, which had so far remained ex- 
pectant on the plain. 

I had not gone far when a terrific concussion broke upon my ears. 
It was the artillery of the enemy’s left, opening on the hill with 
titanic energy. Our brave right was at the same instant starting to 
ascend to rescue the incomparable Highlanders from their perilous 
position. I passed through the fifth division, commanded by General 
Leith, marching up the hill from the village; through the third 
division, under Major-General Pakenham, the cavalry of General 
Urban, and the dragoons of the Fourteenth Eegiment, who were march- 
ing in four columns to turn the enemy’s left : I could see far away 


808 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


General Bradford’s brigade, and Cole’s, and the cavalry of Staple- 
ton Cotton, going in another direction against the enemy’s centre: 
also in the distance I could distinguish my comrades of the Spanish 
division, forming a part of the reserve commanded by General Hope. 

The hermitage was not on the crest of Arapil Grande, as there 
were heights still above it. The hill, in fact, was irregular and 
terraced, although it did not seem so from a distance. Once on it, 
you found depressions and slopes, sometimes gentle, sometimes sharp, 
and the soil rather rocky. The French, from the moment when they 
thought it useless longer to conceal their intentions, came out at several 
points and occupied the commanding high ground, thus threatening 
from various directions the meagre forces opposed to them. Paken- 
ham’s division was the first to open fire on the enemy, marching up 
the slope over against the village. It was supported by Urban’s 
Portuguese cavalry, but it did not make rapid progress, for the French 
had a great advantage from their superior position. 

When I reached the neighborhood of the hermitage, I found that 
General Pack had not abandoned a foot of his line, though his brave 
regiments were reduced to less than half their number. But the 
arrival of General Leith with the fifth division completely changed 
the aspect of things. Though the enemy had great numbers of men 
on the crest above us, we were as many, and not their inferiors in 
courage. But no time was to be lost. We must throw regiment after 
regiment up that slope, disregarding the fire of the French artillery 
which played on us from the forest, though without doing ns great 
damage. We must drive out the French from the hermitage, and 
then keep pushing upward, right up, till we planted the English flag 
on the highest point of the Arapil Grande. 

Reinforcements have come as soon as I have,” said I to General 
Pack. What have you for me to do ?” 

^‘Take command of the 23d. All its officers are killed. Keep 
right on upward. I see now what we have to do, — hold this position, 
and engage as many of the enemy’s troops as possible, so as to give 
Cole and Bradford a better chance at the centre. This is the key of 
the battle. Straight on up !” 

The French no longer tried to hold the hermitage, but crowned the 
summit. Their columns, skilfully disposed, awaited us with a confi- 
dent air. They could not be attacked by cavalry, and were beyond 
the danger of much injury by our distant guns. It was necessary for 
us to march squarely up to them and drive them away as best we could 
with the help of Heaven. 

The glory of leading the advance against those immovable French 
columns fell to the 23d of the line. That was a terrible stairway to 
mount, and on every step the soldier was astonished to find himself 
still alive. Nevertheless, the troops mounted it. Do you ask how ? 
I cannot tell. It was inexplicable. I had never seen men like those 
Englishmen. They were ordered to do an absurd, an impossible, 
thing, and they did it, — or at least tried to do it. 

The separate movements and the different orders given it is im- 
possible for me to detail. As the ground was broken, we would come 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


809 


to comparatively level spots. On these ledges there were scattered 
combats of unheard-of ferocity. The brave men of southern climes, 
who seldom display the passive heroism of letting themselves be killed 
before they will break their ranks, cannot understand that sort of im- 
perturbable fury which entered into the valor of the English. It is 
easy for the lofty hill-top to fling itself with accelerating swiftness 
upon the plain and overwhelm it ; but we were the plain undertaking 
to climb the hill-top and crush that ! 

For the first few steps we had no great difficulty. Many were 
killed, but on we went. Afterwards it was different. It seemed as 
if the French had allowed us to come a little way in order to take us 
at closer quarters. Still, our good order, our direct line of march, and 
our coolness in executing manoeuvres, prevented the slaughter from 
being as great as it might have been. With modern arms the thing 
would have been impossible. We took advantage of the intervals 
when the French were reloading to charge forward with fixed bayonets. 
But they were fresh and confident, poured their volleys in at short 
range, and received us with the bare bayonet. Sometimes our column 
would succeed, with its death-like tenacity, in climbing over the 
heaped-up corpses of the enemy; but to do this meant threefold 
energy and threefold slaughter, and the result did not correspond to 
the terrible effort. 

It was a frightful ascent. The single combats, the cries, the 
tumult, the boiling over of those human craters, showed how much 
worse than the ferocity of beasts is the mad rage of man. Hand to 
hand the advance was achieved, and a spot of ground large enough to 
plant the feet upon was struggled for with desperate and bloody strife. 
When England had once got her foot on a bit of earth she would not 
give it up. The French made dashing charges, but could not push 
the British down the slope. Knowing the great peril of even a 
momentary faltering, of a step or a look backward, it seemed as if the 
feet of those men took root where they were put down. Even after 
they were shot to death, death could not push them back. 

But at last came a terrible moment, when those columns, shot 
through and through and decimated, felt that they were making no 
headway. Behind the surging lines of the Frencli appeared others. 
As in the fearful forest of Macbeth, on the crest of the Arapil Grande 
every branch became a man. Where so many troops came from we 
did not know, but there was an army of them. The moment came 
when the English saw this immense mass on the summit rolling down 
upon them, brandishing a thousand bayonets and aiming thousands of 
muskets. Panic took possession of the English lines, not that nervous 
panic which impels men to flee, but a profound anguish which takes 
away all hope and brings resignation. It was utterly impossible to 
advance another step. 

But it was still more impossible to retreat, unless one was willing 
to be bayoneted by the French and sent rolling below. To retreat 
down a declivity, yielding every inch of ground with as much stub- 
bornness as the enemy had shown in opposing its conquest, is the very 
pitch of difficulty. General Pack bellowed with rage, and it seemed 


810 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


as if the blood would burst from every pore of his infuriated face. 
He was a man to have fouglit his way to the top alone. But his hoarse 
orders were no longer heard. He shook his sword at the sky, as if it 
were the fault of Heaven that the English could advance no farther. 

The time had come for one soldier to die stoically to give another a 
chance to take a step backward behind his body. In that way the half 
would be saved. The columns preserved their order with wonderful skill. 
The firing was terrific, and every time the lines went down a few steps 
it seemed as if all were over. But the confusion was but momentary; 
immediately the English again appeared in a compact and formidable 
mass, and death had to be contented with the half. In this way a 
part of the field was slowly yielded, until at last the French left off 
their attack. They had reached a point where the English cannon 
played on them severely, and, besides, the advance of Pakenhara along 
the flank of the Arapil Grande drew off their attention. They con- 
centrated their troops and waited. 

Meanwhile in the other part of the battle glorious events were 
occurring. General Cole crushed the French centre. The cavalry of 
Stapleton Cotton flung itself upon the disordered files, and made one 
of the most brilliant, and at the same time awful, charges that ever 
were seen. From the position where we stood, baffled but not humili- 
ated, we could see at a distance the wonderful display. The columns 
of dragoons with their swift and spirited horses wound in and out 
among the French infantry like immense serpents. The sabres flashed 
continuously, like a rain of steel dashing down and destroying as does 
the hurricane. The shouts of the horsemen, the gleam of their hel- 
mets, the snorting of the horses rejoicing in that feast of blood, were 
truly terrifying. 

It was in vain that the French won some advantage on the other 
side. They had succeeded in taking some of the houses in the village, 
thinking that possession of it was highly important. They defended 
themselves with the utmost bravery, but Cottons cavalry had gone 
like a huge dagger into the heart of the imperial army. One could 
see the great body split in two by the powerful blade. Everything 
gave way, — force, foresight, skill, valor, impetuosity. Those thousands 
of breastplates gave one some idea of the Roman testudo, but this 
immense tortoise, with its shell of steel, had all the litheness of a 
reptile with thousands of feet and with thousands of mouths to hiss and 
bite. Everything fell before it. A groan of despair went through the 
ranks of the French. Marmont hurried to restore order, but a ball took 
off his right arm. Bonnet made haste to take his place, but he too fell. 
Ferey, Thomi^res, Desgraviers, distinguished generals, perished, with 
thousands of soldiers. 


XXXII. 

The situation of our affairs was greatly changed by Cotton’s tre- 
mendous charge. General Leith again joined us, together with Gen- 
eral Spry. I saw that a new assault on the summit was preparing. 
The enemy’s situation was much less favorable than before, yet he had 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


811 


a powerful force still on the hill, and a safe line of retreat open by the 
mountains of Cavarrasa. Concentrated in their positions from the 
hermitage up to the crest, the French waited for us and presented an 
imposing front. 

Leith^s division and Pack’s brigade again moved forward, while 
Spry made off to the right to support Pakenhara. The firing of the 
skirmishers soon began, but the columns marched on in silence. We 
already knew the ground, our enemy, and the nature of that ascent. 
As before, the French seemed inclined to let us draw near in order the 
better to receive us with a shower of bullets ; but this was only a ruse, 
as they suddenly fell upon Pakenham and Leith at the same time, 
with such impetuosity and courage that only Englishmen could have 
withstood them. The columns on both sides speedily lost their align- 
ment, and irregular and broken groups faced and fell upon each other. 
The ground was soon guttered with blood, and the fallen bodies were 
the principal obstacles to an advance. At times the deadly grapple 
would be relaxed, but it was only to recover strength for a fresh 
encounter. Covered with blood, whether from my own veins or 
another’s I did not know, I flung myself into the same delirium that 
I saw in others, forgetting everything and feeling as if a new soul had 
taken possession of me. I fell to shouting like the Highlanders, and, 
though I never knew a word of English, it is a fact that when I 
roared they understood me as I did them. 

Those powerful Scotchmen had staggered the imperial lines a good 
deal by the time that Clinton’s division came up from the reserve. As 
the fresh troops came into action, the French left off charging, though 
still holding their ground firmly. But in a little while we saw them 
begin to fall back, keeping up a sharp fire. After a time we saw the 
troops that occupied the crest of the hill slowly retreating, protectal 
by the rear-guard, which kept up an incessant fire. I do not know if 
we were ordered to do it, but I do know that the English columns 
suddenly began to move up the slope at various points. They did 
so without any precipitation, and with the utmost coolness. France 
began to retire, and the battle was won. 

Nevertheless, it was not easy to break the ranks of the French with 
the bayonet, for they defended themselves with energy and made a 
skilful retreat. Repeatedly we strove to break their good order, and 
to get through that living wall which protected the flight of the rest ; 
but for a long time we could not. But the sight of all those soldiers 
getting off unharmed fired us with fresh zeal, and finally our tremen- 
dous pounding broke the French line. Terrible is the hour when a 
defeated army has to organize a retreat in front of a threatening and 
implacable conqueror ! If it flees, he will destroy it ; and if it makes 
a stand, he will also destroy it. 

There is no hatred known to history comparable to that between 
the French and the English at that epoch. Guelphs and Ghibellines, 
Romans and Carthaginians, Arabs and Spaniards, sometimes took com- 
passion on each other ; but England and France, in the time of the 
Empire, hated each other like Satan. The jealous rage of these two 
nations, one mistress of the seas and the other of the land, burst forth 


812 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


in a horrible manner on fields of battle. From Talavera to Waterloo 
the duels of these two rivals stretched a million of men upon the earth. 
Both reached the utmost pitch of ferocity in the battle of Salamanca. 

With some Portuguese and English, I pushed far on into the mass 
of disordered and flying French infantry. I was carried along as in 
a whirlwind, not knowing what I did, and having no consciousness 
except a burning desire to kill something. In all the confusion I 
suddenly saw a gilded eagle on the end of a pole, around which were 
wrapped the dirty folds of a cloth that looked as if it might have 
washed the dishes of all the kings of Europe. On one of its folds I 
saw what had been a golden N. There was that glorious emblem of 
war only five yards from me. I do not know what happened, whether 
the flag came towards me or I went towards the flag. If I believed 
in miracles, I should think that my arm suddenly became five yards 
long, for, without knowing how, I grasped the flag-staff and tried to 
tear it away from the man who was holding it. I was redoubling my 
efforts, when a voice shouted in French, — 

Take that 

At the same instant a pistol was discharged in my face, and I was 
pierced by a bayonet, though I could not tell where. Before me was 
a livid face, dripping with blood, eyes flashing fire, hands clinched on 
the flag-staff, and a mouth stretched wide as if to devour me alive. 
To say how much I hated that monster is impossible. We struggled 
together, and he fell on his knees : I then saw that one of his legs was 
shattered and helpless. I fought to tear away the flag from his grasp. 
Some one came to help me, and another ran to aid him. I was 
wounded again, but it only made me more savage in my rage, and I 
crushed the brute to the earth under my knees. With both hands I 
was grasping both the flag-staff and my sword, but soon I found my 
sword alone in my right hand. Fearful of losing the flag, I thrust 
out with my sword and buried it again and again in something soft 
and yielding, and a thread of blood spurted from somewhere straight 
into my face. The flag was at last mine ; but from that body grovel- 
ling beneath me there sprung claws or some kind of venomous tenta- 
cles to grasp me, and a mouth buried its teeth in my arm with such 
force that I shrieked with pain. 

I fell, closely gripped by that dragon, for dragon he seemed to me. 
We rolled over and over down the slope, among the dead and the 
wounded and the fleeing and pursuing. I could see nothing; I only 
felt that I had the eagle strongly clutched to my breast. That horrible 
mouth of the monster was still fastened on my arm, and together we 
rolled over and over, under a thousand trampling feet. I do not know 
for how long this kept on. It must have been but a short time, though 
it seemed to me to be something like a century. I do not know when 
we stopped ; all I know is that the monster did not let go of me or 
leave off biting me ; at last, as it seemed, he gave up biting my arm to 
bury his poisoned fangs in my very heart. I also know that the eagle 
was still pressed to my breast ; I felt it there. It seemed as if the pole 
was piercing to my vitals. Finally I lost all idea of existence. The 
battle of Salamanca was over, at least for me ! 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


813 


XXXIII. 

I recovered consciousness only by degrees. For a long time there 
was but a dawn of perception within me, very slow and very painful. 
It seemed as if I was being born into a new life, and I found it as 
irritating as the eye does the light after being blind for a long time. 
I saw various things, but did not know what they were ; and I also 
heard voices, but did not know what they said. My memory appeared 
to be completely gone. 

In front of me, and very near, I saw a face. Whose it was I could 
not tell. But it had two beautiful eyes which looked at me affection- 
ately. This I seemed to make out by an inward sensation, for as for 
understanding, I hadn’t a gleam of it. But by feeling or instinct I 
divined that the person in front of me embodied a tender and loving 
tendency towards me. 

A little afterwards, when my eyes were shut, I thought a butterfly 
was hovering over my head. Then it alighted on my forehead. I 
could feel its wings brushing against the skin ; they seemed strangely 
warm. For some time I felt them there, and then they went away, 
making a curious sound, a sort of gentle explosion, which made me 
open my eyes. But rapidly as I opened them, more rapidly did the 
fluttering insect make off. But the same face was there near mine, so 
near that I could feel its warmth. 

Presently my angelic protector gave me something to drink that 
aflTorded me great comfort and invigoration. Then she laid my head 
back on the pillow, and said, — 

Do you feel better ?” 

An impulse ran from my brain to my lips, and they articulated, — 
Yes.” 

You are conscious at last,” added the voice. Your face is that 
of a different man. I think the fever is leaving you.” 

I answered, Yes,” a second time. In the stupidity which over- 
whelmed me, that was the only thing I could say, and it was a great 
delight to me to use repeatedly the only treasure I had yet acquired in 
the immense domain of speech. The yes is the entire vocabulary of 
idiots. To say yes to everything, to assent to whatever exists, can be 
done without any reasoning or comparison, or the exercise of any judg- 
ment whatever. Some one else does the work for you. But to say 
no requires a certain degree of intelligence. In the mere twilight of 
reason, as I then was, for me to have given a negative answer would 
have been a prodigy of genius and precocity. 

‘‘You slept very well last night,” said the voice of my nurse. 
“ You will be well soon. Your hands are cold ; give them to me, and 
I will warm them.” 

As she did so, a flash went through my mind, but so swiftly and 
dimly that I still had no certainty, only a kind of presentiment, a hope 
of getting back my understanding again. The tangled skein was un- 
ravelling in my brain, but so slowly, so slowly. 

“ Can’t you speak a single word to me ?” said the voice of my nurse. 
“ Won’t you even look at me? Why do you shut your eyes? I hope 


814 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


you will not be displeased at what I have done. I will not conceal it 
from you. Perhaps you did not know that your enchanted princess 
and her rogue of a father were in Salamanca? Who brought them 
there I do not know. The unhappy man was anxious to get his liberty, 
and I obtained it for him with the greatest pleasure, securing for him 
a safe-conduct to go away and pass through any part of Spain.” 

As I heard this, reason, memory, feelings, speech, all came back 
to me. They came with a rush, with violence, like a cataract falling 
from the clouds. I gave a shout, sat up in bed, waved my arms, 
pushed roughly away the beautiful figure by my side, and broke out 
into wrathful cries. I looked at the lady and spoke her name, for now 
I knew who she was. 

A hospital attendant hurried in at the sound of my cries. Both 
of them tried to calm me. 

The delirium is on him again,” said the friar. 

I was the cause of this change,” said Miss Fly, contritely. 

But my own weakness overcame me, and I fell back on the bed. 
I was choking with indignation, which was all the greater for my not 
having voice or strength to give expression to it. J ust as I was about 
to lose consciousness again, the phenomenon of the fluttering insect was 
repeated. Again its soft warm wings rested upon my forehead. This 
did not especially surprise me, for it was only what I had experienced 
before when I was painfully struggling back to life. But a much 
stranger phenomenon followed. Almost in a dead faint, I could yet 
perceive a long black thing moving before my face. It was not very 
large, though I could not tell exactly what its size was, but it had two 
long legs and two pointed wings, which opened and shut alternately. 
It was all black and hard, and very ugly. The repulsive creature 
closed itself up, and then it looked like a black dagger ; it stretched 
out its legs and its wings, and then it looked like a scorpion. Slowly 
it drew near to me, and when it touched my forehead it sent a chill 
through my whole body. It stirred itself violently, waving its horrible 
extremities repeatedly, emitting a dry, strident noise which put my 
nerves on edge, and then disappeared. 


XXXIV. 

After a long and profound sleep, I woke in full daylight much 
better. Two men were at my side, Juan de Dios, the friar in attend- 
ance on the hospital, and an army physician. The latter made the 
most cheerful predictions about my recovery, and ordered me to take 
some nourishing food, if I could get anybody to give it to me. Then 
he went off on his rounds, and the brother sat down by me and said, 
in a lugubrious voice, — 

Take the advice of a poor penitent, Don Gabriel, and, instead 
of troubling yourself about food for the body, attend to the nourish- 
ment of the soul, of which there is great need.” 

‘‘Why, how’s this?” I said. Am I going to die, Seilor Juan de 
Dios?” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


815 


Better death a thousand times,” declared the friar, solemnly, 
“ than a life such as yours is. At least, that would be my choice.” 

I do not understand you.” 

Sefior Araceli, Senor Araceli,” he exclaimed, in great agitation, 
fix your thoughts on God, call God to your aid, drive out all worldly 
ideas from your mind. That we may accomplish this, ray friend, let 
us pray, let us pray with fervor for four or five hours without stopping 
a moment, and then we may hope to be free from the dreadful peril 
which threatens us.” 

‘‘ Why, you want to kill me !” I said, despairingly. “ The doctor 
tells me to eat, and here you are ofiering me six hours of prayer for a 
ration ! My revered brother, for the love of Heaven bring me a 
chicken, a turkey, a lamb, an ox !” 

Lost ! hopelessly lost !” he exclaimed, with the greatest grief, and 
lifting his eyes towards heaven. “ Gratify the body with exciting food, 
when the soul is endangered ! Be persuaded ; let us pray together, 
and perhaps the evil one will flee away and abandon his wicked plans.” 

Brother J uan de Dios, go away from me, or I do not know what 
I shall do to you. You may have cracked your brain over religion, 
but luckily I have not mine, and I want something to sat. Bring me 
something to eat, and then we will pray.” 

His only answer was to fall on his knees, pull out a prayer-book, 
and say to me, — 

^‘Repeat after me what I read.” 

‘‘This man is murdering me! he is murdering me! Help!” I 
cried. 

Juan de Dios got up and put his hand on my breast, trembling and 
terrified. Said he, — 

“ He’s coming ! He’s going to come again !” 

“ Who ?” I cried, tired of the farce. 

“ Who?” said he, in a low voice. “ Whom do you suppose, if not 
the enemy of mankind, the prince of the power of darkness, the foul 
fiend who possesses the art of transforming himself into a shape which 
will most easily deceive the unguarded sinner ?” 

I burst out into laughter, which echoed through the room. 

“ I am extremely glad to learn that he is coming,” I said. “ How 
do you know he is coming?” 

“ Because he has been here before, wretched man ; because he has 
already laid his impious hands upon you in sign of dominion over 
you, and because he said he would return.” 

“ I am delighted beyond measure to hear this. When had I the 
honor of such a visit ? I saw nothing.” 

“ How could you see him when you were asleep ? Sleep, sleep, — 
that’s the great danger. For that reason I keep vigil constantly.” 

“ He came, then, when I was asleep ?” 

“Yes, last night. It was a fearful moment. The Englishwoman 
had gone away. I was alone, and was saying my prayers, when ” 

“ When the earth opened and a sulphurous flame shot up ?” 

“ No, it was not the earth that opened, but the door, and then 
appeared — oh, a sight which is always before my sinful eyes, a form 


816 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


copied after the celestial shapes of the angelic sphere. Another, also 
in the form of a woman, was with her, at once lovely and hateful.” 

What did they do when they saw me? For my part, I worship 
those demons, Juan de Dios, and I’m going to send a tender message 
to them by you.” 

By me ! Unhappy victim, they will come to carry you off with 
their satanic arts !” 

I want to know what they did, what they said.” 

They said, ‘ This must be the place,’ and then their eyes, which 
can see in the darkness, perceived your devoted* body, and they flung 
themselves upon it with howls disguised in the form of sobs.” 

And I sleeping like a log ! Father Juan, you are a fool. Why 
didn’t you wake me up?” 

Then they looked around, as if to ask me something, but I had 
hidden under that table, and there I was trembling and dying. Senor 
Don Gabriel, I was dying with the desire to pray and yet was not able 
to pray. At last they went away : they were in possession of your 
soul, and wanted nothing more.” 

They went away, you say ?” 

“Yes, they went away, saying that they were going to get permis- 
sion to move you somewhere else, — to the infernal regions, no doubt.” 

Juan de Dios suddenly broke off. He was listening to some 
strange noises outside, and was white and shaking with fear. 

“ Here I am, dear Ines ! here I am, countess !” I exclaimed, recog- 
nizing the gentle voices. “ Here I am, alive and well and happy, and 
loving you both better than life.” 

Ah, how they both ran to me in pity ! One embraced me on one 
side, and the other on the other. I almost swooned with joy as those 
beloved heads rested on my breast. 

Juan de Dios ran away, or flew away, I don’t know which. I 
tried to speak, but could not for my emotion. They were weeping, 
and could not say anything either. At last Ines lifted her eyes to my 
forehead and looked at it curiously. 

“What are you looking at?” I asked her. “Am I so disfigured 
that you do not know me ?” 

“ It isn’t that.” 

The countess looked too. 

“ I see that you have lost something,” said Ines, smiling. 

I lifted my hand to my forehead, and, sure enough, something was 
missing. 

“What has become of those locks of hair that I used to have 
here ?” 

She touched my head with her tiny fingers. 

“ Why, I do not know : perhaps they were shot off in the battle.” 

They both laughed. 

“ Dear ladies, I remember having seen a cold and black creature 
on my head in my dreams; now I know what it was, — a pair of 
scissors. I have a scratch here on my temple, and the surgeon must 
have seen that the hair troubled me and cut it off. He is a most 
observant man, and does not forget the smallest detail.” 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


817 

I had so many questions to ask that I did not know where to 
begin. 

When did the battle end?’^ I asked. Where is Lord Welling- 
ton ^ 

“ The battle ended as all battles do — when they have tired them- 
selves out with slaughter.’^ 

But the French were retreating when I fell.” 

“ They retreated so far,” said the countess, that they must be still 
running. Wellington is at their heels. Don’t you worry about that: 
they will get on very well without you. Perhaps they will promote 
you for having taken the eagle.” 

So I captured an eagle ?” 

Yes, a gilded eagle, with open wings and a broken beak, and with 
thunder-bolts in its claws. I saw it,” said Ines, with great satisfaction. 

You were found,” added the countess, among the dead and 
wounded, clutching the corpse of a French color-bearer, whose teeth 
were buried in your arm.” 

That was precisely the part of my body where I had the most 
pain. 

We have been looking for you ever since the 22d,” said Ines, 
but till last night it was only running here and there without any 
result. We feared you were killed. I went to the great trench where 
they are burying the poor fellows. It seemed like the curse of God. 
If I had had the eagle that you captured, I would have flung it into 
the trench with the rest.” 

Well said, Ines. Military glory and the dead in battle ought to 
be buried together. Well, my beloved, alive I am to love both of 
you with all my heart, and to marry one of you as soon as the other 
gives her consent.” 

The countess frowned slightly, and Ines looked at the place where 
my hair was missing. 

Let us get the rascal out of here,” said the countess, and then 
we will see about it. We certainly owe profound thanks to that 
English lady who found you on the battle-field and took such good 
care of you, so we have been told. Clearly, my young gentleman, 
you and I will have to talk this over.” 

Isn’t she here ? I should be delighted to have you know her. 
Miss Fly is a most loyal and generous person. Juan de Dios ! That 
fellow won’t come if they hang him. He has taken the fancy of 
calling you demons.” 

*^That blessed hospital attendant?” inquired the countess. ^^The 
doctor told us that he had already escaped twice from a mad-house. 
Let’s see about getting you into a stretcher. I will go and call another 
nurse.” 

When she had gone out I said to Ines, — 

“ You have told me nothing about Santorcaz.” 

You shall know all soon,” she said, letting me devour her hands 
with kisses. Come to the house quickly : try to get up.” 

I cannot, my child, I am so weak. That bedevilled nurse has 
made up his mind to kill me with hunger, and Miss Fly was gone.” 

VoL. LV.— 52 


818 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


said Ines, with a bewitching pretence of threatening me, 
always that Englishwoman ! I have a suspicion, a terrible suspicion, 
and if I was sure of it Can it be that I am too good, too con- 

fiding and innocent, and you a great scoundrel 

She looked at ray forehead again uneasily. 

• ‘^My precious Ines!’^ I exclaimed, ‘‘if you have suspicions, I will 
dissipate them. This cannot be. Could I suspect you ? Can our 
faith in each other be broken 

“ Not before, but now — ^you are concealing something from me : 
my mother said something unwittingly. Gabriel, do not deceive me. 
Miss Fly found you on the battle-field. She denied it, but it is true. 
They told us so.’^ 

“ I deceive you ! Well, that is a good joke. I couldn’t do it even 
if I wanted to. But I ought to tell you the truth, the whole truth, 
ray wife, and I will at once. Why do you keep on looking at my 
forehead ?” 

“Because — because Miss Fly took that lock of hair. I divined 
it.” 

“Why, yes, very likely it was she,” said I, serenely. 

“ She did it ! And you confess it !” 

Tears were in her eyes. I did not know what to say. But the 
truth came in an impetuous wave from my heart to my lips. Pain- 
fully raising myself up in bed, I said to her, — 

“ I shall have many surprising things to tell you, beloved. But 
let us both give thanks to that generous woman who rescued me from 
among the dead on the Arapil Grande, in order that you might not be 
a widow.” 

“ Come, we’re off !” said the countess, suddenly entering the room 
and interrupting me. “ There’s a litter here in which you can go 
perfectly well.” 


XXXV. 

They placed me in a light and cheerful room in the well-known 
house in Caliz Street, and in a good bed which was hurriedly made 
ready for me. Then they gave me a good meal, and I felt immensely 
better. My joyful heart contributed more than anything else to ray 
rapid improvement. An external symptom of this inner joy was my 
disposition to laugh on the most frivolous occasions. 

In the evening the countess went to write letters to all mankind, 
and Ines gave me ray supper. We were alone, and I told her every- 
thing, absolutely everything, about Miss Fly, leaving out nothing that 
would prejudice me, or that would do me honor, in the eyes of my 
companion. She listened to me with rapt attention, and when I 
finished she seemed to have lost the power of speech. I do not know 
in what vague perplexities her soul was floating. In her face I 
thought I could detect anger struggling with pity, pride with the dis- 
position to laugh. But she said not a word, and her eyes were feeding 
on me. For my part, I felt an inclination to make light of the clouds 
which obscured my sky. 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


819 


'' Is it possible that you are still thinking about that?'’ I asked. 

“ I am waiting for you to show me the blond lock of hair to pay 
for your black one. A fine fellow you are, to think I would marry 
you, a thorough rascal ! We will take care of you, and as soon as 
you are well you may go off with your dear Englishwoman. I am 
sure I shall not ask you to stay." 

She pretended to be in earnest, and came very near being so in 
reality. 

‘‘I shall not go off," I said, because I love you more than the 
apple of my eye. I have become enamoured of you because you are a 
creature of other days ; because your soul, seiiora, has an affinity for 
mine, and together we mount to those heights which vulgarity and 
baseness never attain. For your sake, seiiora, I will be a Bernardo 
del Carpio, a Cid, or a Lancelot of the Lake ; I will undertake the most 
incredible adventures, I will kill half the world and eat the other half" 

You need not think you can make a fool of me with such non- 
sense," said she, laughing in spite of herself. 

Seiiora," I exclaimed, dramatically, you are the loadstone of 
my existence ! Bear me, bear me with you through the immense space 
of the emotions and to the altitudes of thought. If you give me up, 
I will weep for you in the midst of ruins; if you love me, I will be 
your slave, and will conquer for you ten kingdoms, so as to put one on 
each finger of your hands." 

^‘Be still, be still, foolish jester !" cried Ines. 

I give you up, because you love another, a vulgar and prosaic 
creature, seiiora," said I, fixing my eyes on her forehead and moving 
my fingers like the opening and shutting of scissors. “ But I wish 
something to remember you by, and so I will cut off that lock of hair 
which falls down on your forehead." 

So saying, I caught that lovely head and gave it a thousand kisses. 

You hurt me, you savage !" she cried, laughing all the while. 

The countess opened the door. She had been in the next room, 
and Ines, as she saw her, blushed redder than a poppy. 

It is all Gabriel's fault," she said : “ he was performing some of 
his pranks." 

You mustn't make so much noise, for I am writing. I have yet 
to write to Wellington and Graham and Castanos and Azanza and 
Soult and O'Donnell and King Joseph." 

My adorable lady had a mania for letter- writing. She wrote to 
everybody under the sun, and somehow managed to get an answer from 
every one. 

The next day the countess went to call upon Miss Fly, whose ac- 
quaintance she had made in Puerto. Athenais returned the call the 
same day. She came elegantly dressed, fairly brilliant in her beauty 
and grace. Colonel Simpson escorted her, as red-faced as ever, viva- 
cious, dandified, and scanning everything with the quadruple stare of 
his eyes and spectacles. I had got up, and was sitting in a chair during 
the call. 

^^So you are going to England?" said the countess. 

Yes, senora," replied Athenais, without deigning me a glance. 


820 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


I am tired of the war and of Spain, and want to be with my father 
and sisters. If ever I return to this country, I shall take pleasure in 
calling on you.” 

Before that, perhaps, I shall have the pleasure of writing to you,” 
said my lady, recalling the fact that such things as paper and pens 
existed. “ That reminds me that I have not yet found time to write 
to Lord Byron, whom I met in Cadiz. Well, you will take with you 
pleasant memories of Spain.” 

Very pleasant. I have amused myself exceedingly in this pecu- 
liar country. I have made a study of the manners of the people, and 
have made a great many drawings and sketches of costumes and land- 
scapes. I imagine they will attract attention.” 

You will also have some sad remembrances of the terrible war,” 
said the countess, with feeling. 

Yes, the French have no respect for anything,” observed Miss 
Fly, indiferently. 

In their retreat,” Simpson interposed, they destroyed all the 
villages on the bank of the Tormes. They could not forgive us for 
having killed five thousand of their men and taken seven thousand 
prisoners, with two eagles, six flags, and eleven cannon. A great and 
important battle, that ! I cannot refrain from congratulating Senor 
Araceli,” he added, honoring me with a glance, for his fine bearing 
in the action. General Pack and General Leith have given me a 
glowing account of you. I am told that Wellington has been informed 
of all that can be said in your favor.” 

‘^In that case,” said I, ‘Mt may dissipate the prejudice which his 
Excellency has had against me, for what reason I never could under- 
stand.” 

Athenais turned pale, but controlled herself instantly, and not only 
forced herself to look at me, but also burst out into a hearty laugh, or 
what sounded like one. 

^‘This gentleman,” she said, mirthfully, ^Gias had the misfortune 
to pass for my lover in the eyes of the gossips of the camp. In Spain 
the reputation of ladies is at the mercy of any malicious tongue.” 

Why, is it possible, senora,” I said, affecting surprise and anger, 
— is it possible that merely on account of my lucky meeting with 

you ? Certainly I knew nothing about it. They have dared to 

slander you ? Why, it’s horrible !” 

They almost suspected that I was actually married to you,” said 
she, looking away. It has given me great amusement, for, though, 
of course, I have much esteem for you ” 

I do not deserve the honor, you mean,” said I. That’s as clear 
as water.” 

It all came from some one seeing us in the city together when I 
passed you off for my servant,” said Athenais, coquettish ly. I am 
sure I do not know if you dared to start the rumor in circulation 
yourself, out of vanity.” 

I, senora ? Colonel Simpson is a witness to what my feelings 
were about the matter.” 

The rumor started,” said the complaisant colonel, among the 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


821 

Eiigli^ officers, and began when Araceli returned from Salamanca and 
Miss Fly did not.” 

“And yo^u yourself, my dear Sir Abraham Simpson,” said Miss 
-b ly, rather sharply, “ helped along the ridiculous stories about me/^ 

Allow me to say, my dear Athenais, that your conduct was some- 
what peculiar in that affair. Certainly you heard all about it, yet you 
said nothing. Your melancholy, your silence, made us believe ” 

'' It seems to me you know nothing about the facts,” said Athenais, 
beginning to blush. 

Everybody was talking about it. Wellington himself was con- 
cerned about it. We asked you as delicately as possibly and you 
answered only in a vague way.” 

You know nothing about it, and, besides, you haven’t a particle 
of discretion.” 

‘‘The fact is,” Simpson went on, “you carried delicacy to an 
unfortunate extreme, my dear Athenais. You felt outraged by the 
mere idea that it should be supposed — well, of course, a lady of 
your rank — I mean no offence to you, sir, but — why, it would have 
been absurd, monstrous. England, sen ora, would have trembled in 
her foundations of granite.” 

“ Certainly, in her foundations of granite !” I cried. “ What would 
have become of Great Britain ? It’s horrible even to think of it.” 

Miss Fly gave me a terrible look. 

“Oh, well,” said the countess, “there were rumors, — I myself 
heard of them, — but there is no use talking about them now. It is 
enough that Great Britain has kept herself without a stain.” 

Miss Fly rose to go. 

“ Senora,” I said to her, with the greatest deference, “ I should 
be very sorry to have you leave Spain without giving me an oppor- 
tunity to express to you the deep gr^atitude I feel towards you.” 

“ For what, sir?” she asked, putting her handkerchief to her pretty 
mouth. 

“ For your goodness, for your benevolence. You must permit me to 
thank you — no, that is not what I want to say. I beg you to cherish 
no ill will towards me for having been the cause, the innocent cause, 
of those ridiculous rumors.” 

“ Oh, don’t mention such a stupid thing. Gossip, what difference 
does that make to me? You are too sensitive about such things.” 

“ Then, senora, since you have suffered no injury on my account — ” 

“None, I assure you, absolutely none. You do yourself too much 
honor, Sefior Araceli, even in asking my pardon for the vile slander, 
even in associating your name with mine in that way.” 

“ Pardon, sefiora, a thousand times pardon ! It only remains for 
me to say that I desire you to regard me as your humble servant, here 
and everywhere and at all times in my life. Am I too bold in saying 
that also ?” 

“ You are. However, I appreciate your courtesy. Many thanks,” 
she said, haughtily. “ Good-by.” 

She took leave of the countess affectionately, and of Ines and my- 
self very ceremoniously. 


822 


THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. 


Won’t you be good enough/’ I asked, to write us sometime and 
tell us how you are ?” 

Do you care how I am ?” 

Much, very much !” I exclaimed, vehemently, and in all sincerity. 

Then I will write to you. But I am very forgetful, Seiior Araceli.” 

I shall not forget, as long as I live, your generosity to me. It is 
very hard for me to forget.” 

It is not for me,” she said, looking at me for the last time. In 
that last look of hers there was so much pride and haughtiness, mingled 
with vexation, that I was truly pained. She went out of the room 
terribly and majestically beautiful. 

A few moments after they had gone, the countess said to Ines, — 

My daughter, have you any objections to marrying Gabriel ?” 

^‘None whatever,” she replied, with so much self-possession that I 
was left staring. However, I was soon over ray surprise, and kissed 
her hand tenderly. 

Are you happy and satisfied, my daughter?” 

Happy and satisfied,” she replied. 

We had eyes only for each other. 


XXXVI. 

Those who want to know how Santorcaz died in the odor of sanc- 
tity, after becoming reconciled to the countess, and how and when I 
was married, with many other important details of my life for all 
these years since, must get some one else to tell them. I close here, 
to the no small delight of my tired readers, and to my own profound 
satisfaction in having reached the great event of my life. This was 
my marriage, the prime cause of the fifty years of peace which I have 
since enjoyed. God has given me every blessing that I have asked of 
Him at the same time that I have tried to find it myself. Life has 
been my school, and misfortune my teacher. 

If you insist upon ray telling you something more, you must 
know that circumstances prevented my taking part in the rest of the 
war. But the strangest thing is that from the moment I left active 
service I began to be promoted at an astonishing rate. Shortly after 
the battle of Salamanca I was given the rank of lieutenant-colonel. 
Then my raother-in law, by the talisman of her unceasing correspondence, 
had me made colonel, then brigadier, and I had not yet recovered from 
my surprise when, one fine morning, I found myself a full general. 

Let us stop here !” I exclaimed, in indignation. If I don’t take 
active steps, they will be capable of making me captain-general.” 

So I went on the retired list. 

Having recovered Lord Wellington’s regard, I received from that 
distinguished man many proofs of cordial esteem. One of the happiest 
days of my life was the one on which I learned that the Duke of 
Ciudad Rodrigo had won the battle of Waterloo. 


THE END. 


qald6s and his novels. 


823 


GALDOS AND HIS NOVELS. 

S panish critics differ about many things, but they are almost 
unanimous in assigning the primacy among Spanish contemporary 
novelists^ to Galdos. The great Galdos’^ is a common way of speak- 
ing of him. Often he is mentioned in the same breath with Pereda, 
and the two are spoken of as the Dioscuri of Spanish fiction, the two 
pillars of Hercules which mark its extreme achievement; but in 
fecundity, imthe grand manner, in range of theme and scene, most of 
all in his great series of historical romances, the headship easily belongs 
to Galdos. 

Benito P4rez Galdos was born May 10, 1845, at Las Palmas, in 
the Canary Islands. His early education was had in the Instituto of 
his native town, and in 1863 he went to Madrid to study law iu the 
University. But he developed a constantly increasing aversion for the 
legal profession, and, by the time he had completed his studies prepar- 
atory to its exercise, had fully determined never to enter upon it. The 
times were those disturbing days which preceded the revolution of 
1868, a political event with which Galdos heartily sympathized and 
which he hailed with enthusiasm. His first book, La Fontana de 
Oro,’’ published in 1867, had a pronounced revolutionary tendency. 
And it was doubtless the patriotic impulse given him in that period of 
national excitement which led him a little later to begin the long series 
of historical novels, tracing the heroic struggles of Spain to free her- 
self from the Napoleonic yoke, which have perhaps won him his 
greatest and most deserved fame. 

He began with Trafalgar’^ in 1873, feeling his way, as he has 
written, almost without a plan, and not suspecting how the work 
would grow on his hands. But the great success of the first volume 
speedily created a demand for others, and so the series went on until 
now his Episodios Nacionales,’^ as the collected edition is called, 
number twenty volumes and embrace the names which lie nearest to 
Spanish pride, — the names of Saragossa and Bailen and Gerona and 
Cadiz. Of them all none has been more popular than La Batalla 
de los Arapiles,’^ or, to give the historic battle the name by which it is 
known in English, The Battle of Salamanca.’’ 

In his works of contemporary fiction Galdos is pre-eminently the 
novelist of Madrid. Most of his scenes are laid in the capital, and 
his knowledge of it is as minute and accurate as ever Dickens’s was of 
London. He deals freely and powerfully with the strongest emotions 
and motives of life : with religious convictions and prejudice, as in 
Dona Perfecta” and ‘‘ Gloria,” with the tangled course of unlawful 
love and jealousy and crime, as in La Incognita” and Bealidad.” 
His narrative style is delightful for its firm yet light touch, and his 
dialogue is taken straight from the lips of men. In many of his 
books he shows a deep acquaintance with the minutise of Spanish 
politics, a fact which may be explained by his having been a Deputy 


WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, HIS MARK. 


\ 824 

in the Cortes himself, sitting for Porto Rico. He is unmarried, and 
lives a very retired life, wrapped up in his work. Of late years he 
has ventured before the public as a playwright, but with so little 
success that he has renounced the stage and intends to confine himself 
to fiction. 

Rollo Ogden. 


HIS 

WILLIAM X SHAKESPEARE. 

MARK. 

T he first permanent English settlement in America was at James- 
town, Virginia, in 1607. William Shakespeare died nine years 
later, in 1616. In August, 1620, negro slaves were first introduced 
into Virginia. From 1607 on, the colonization of Virginia from 
England proceeded steadily, and briskly, too, for that age, — it being 
especially noteworthy that this colonization fairly represented all Eng- 
land, and was not restricted to any class or sect. Moreover, the Eng- 
land of that day was Shakespeare^s England, — the England from which 
he drew his characters, manners, speech, proverbs, and particularly all 
those traits and touches that give definite date and locality to his works. 
They were Shakespeare’s contemporaries who came over with Captain 
John Smith and his successors, — the very men and women whom he 
knew and drew so well, some of them also knowing him, not only as 
a dramatist and an actor, but also personally. There is a tradition, 
not fully verified, nor yet wholly discredited, that among these early 
colonists was one of the executors of Shakespeare’s will, who lived and 
died at Fredericksburg, — it being commonly understood and accepted 
that, until the late war, fragments of the tombstone of this executor 
could still be seen in an old cemetery of that town. 

From 1620 the African settlement of the colony and its English 
settlement proceeded together, pari passu. The negro colonists, of 
course, as slaves and barbarians, were put at the lowest and coarsest 
labor, and there, working side by side with English Hodge, from him 
they learned such English and English folk-lore as they acquired. 
Later, Hodge and the negro separated, and it was not long before the 
latter was practically segregated, Hodge progressing more or less, with 
some exceptions, while Sambo, black and a slave, was rapidly hedged 
about by strict laws and customs that set him apart and kept him 
stationary. To educate him was a crime ; but, illiterate and barbarous 
as he was, the first civilization and education he received were English, 
fresh from the soil of Shakespeare’s England, and to this day he legibly 
retains Shakespeare’s mark, as originally impressed upon him. Of 
course, even in slavery, there were freedmen, house- and town-servants, 
and a few other negroes, from whom this impress was partially removed 
by their opportunities and associations, and many more have lost it 
since emancipation and the free school have come ; but the mass of 
rural negroes, with some whites who have been subjected to very similar 
conditions, still remind one of the great dramatist by their doings and 


WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, HIS MARK. 


825 


sayings, their proverbs, omens, signs, and peculiarities of speech. They 
sometimes exhibit an apparent familiarity with Shakespeare in their 
words and phrases ; but they do not know him at all, — never heard 
of him. 

Lipppcop's for February of this year (1895) had an article on 
Lingo in Literature’’ which cited a few Shakespearian survivals in 
what may be called the patois of the Southern or Virginian illiterate 
whites and negroes : the use of allow., or ’Zow, for think, say, or declare; 
of on for of; of along ofj or Hong of, for because of ; holp for helped; 
mought for might ; swound for swoon ; swinge for whip, or beat ; yerking 
for sudden thrusting, or snatching ; and mammock, ruinate, for to, God 
he knows, strucken, and handkercher. Further citations in this line will 
be of interest. For instance, there is the word chinks, which negroes 
use so often in the sense of money. We find this word, used precisely 
as the negroes use it, in “Romeo and Juliet,” where the Nurse, fleshly 
and of the earth earthy, says of Juliet, — 

I tell you, he that can lay hold of her 

Shall have the chinks. 

Out, signifying “angry with each other,” seems to be a household 
word in the Northern and Eastern States ; yet it is rarely so employed 
at the South, except by tlie uneducated, unless in connection with the 
verb to fall. “We have fallen out” is common enough in Virginia; 
but “ we are out,” meaning the same, is mere lingo south of the Po- 
tomac, — although “ we are at outs,” or “ we are out with each other,” 
is considered proper. “ Betsey and I are out” could never be the title 
and burden of any but a negro song in that section, and then it should 
be amended to “ Me and Betsey is out.” Yet we find Jessica, in “ The 
Merchant of Venice,” saying, “ Launcelot and I are out,” with identical 
significance. 

Any one who ever attended a “ shindig” at a negro quarter, or what 
is still called a “ play” among white cabin-folk in the country, re- 
members how the fiddler is often jeered with 

“ Spit in the hole, man, and tune ag’in.’^ 

In “ The Taming of the Shrew,” Lucentio adjures Hortensius in the 
very same words, except that he says “ again” instead of “ ag’in.” And 
when Sir Andrew Aguecheek, in “ Twelfth Night,” vaunts his ability 
to “cut a caper” and do “the back trick,” we seem to hear the old, 
familiar voice of the field-hand. A favorite dance-song at a “play” 
illustrates the use of “ yerk,” as follows : 

A grasshopper settin’ on a sweet-’tater vine, 

Sweet-’tater vine, sweet-’tater vine, 

A ole turkey-gobbler come steppin’ up behine, 

And yerked him off ’n de sweet-’tater vine I 

If the singers are white cabin-folks, however, they say “the,” and 
not “ de.” Yet it is not uncommon to hear country-bred people of the 
best class fall into some of the obsolete or mispronounced words or 


826 


WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, HIS MARK. 


other peculiarities of speech of the cabin, especially when talking 
among themselves or with their laborers ; and within the memory of 
persons yet living, thar,” whar,’' and the like were usual pronun- 
ciations among all classes. Indeed, there is no doubt that much of our 
so-called negro talk is the survival of former prevailing and accepted 
pronunciation ; and some years ago a writer in Blackwood very cleverly 
maintained that the Scottish dialect, or Scotch-English, was more truly 
the old English than the current speech of England itself. 

We catch many glimpses of the old English Christmas revels in 
Shakespeare^s plays ; but, as these were kept up in England by do- 
mestic and menial servants, they naturally fell here into the hands of 
the negroes, in so far as they were brought over to Virginia, and thence 
carried to other States of which she was the mother in more than a 
territorial sense. And thus, while these revels were soon abandoned by 
all our white colonists, they were still more or less in vogue with the 
slaves until emancipation. The present writer recollects vividly John 
O’Cooner and his wife, as they were called, — two negro fellows, with 
hideous false-faces, one personating a woman, and both arrayed in 
ragged motley, marching around from house to house, escorted by drum 
and fife and bells, and followed by a throng of eager children of both 
colors. The O’Cooners sang, danced, and played all sorts of antics; 
the bell-ringers helped swell the choruses, — one of them collecting 
the coppers and small silver that generally were very liberally thrown 
from the houses ; and the drummer and fifer headed the march, uni- 
formed in scarlet coats (with multitudinous brass buttons and much 
profusion of brass braid), buff trousers, and hussar- hats, all befeathered. 
It was at once the terror, wonder, and fascination of the young; but 
when this writer last saw it, it was represented by a smut-faced small 
boy, with red lines drawn from his mouth to his ears, white semicircles 
under his eyes, and wearing his every-day clothes, with a few red and 
white rags tacked on here and there. His whole escort was another 
small boy, ringing a sheep-bell. Alas for the once wonderful pageant 
and uproar of jollity ! 

All the old festival and fast days of the Church of England, of 
whose observance Shakespeare makes no little use, became negro holi- 
days here, and, as such, are still observed by the colored people of 
all the rural regions, but with little regard to religious purposes. No 
matter whether they be Methodists, Baptists, or of no church at all, 
they always keep well posted as to the recurrence of these days ; and 
they seem to think it a degradation worse than slavery to work on any 
of these hallowed occasions. The rural white of the cabin, on the 
contrary, cares little or nothing for these holy periods of repose : his 
days of days are the court-days, when he invariably goes to the court- 
house, although he has no business in the world there. 

It is only among the negroes that you can find in Dixie, for reasons 
already suggested, any good representative, in speech and manners, of 
the servant, good or bad, faithful or unfaithful, as the dramatist pre- 
sents him or her. The Nurse, in Borneo and Juliet,’^ is very much 
the old mammy of the Southern household, even down to such details 
of language as ’versal’^ for universal ; 


WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, HIS MARK. g27 

All in gore-blood ; I swounded at the sight ; 

afore” for before, etc. But it is the general likeness of the two to 
each other that is most striking. Dogberry, in Much Ado About 
Nothing,” is the very type of the negro who attempts to use words 
that are beyond liim. His “ desartless,” any man that knows the 
statues,” ^‘decerns” for concerns, ^^aspicious” for suspicious, suffi- 
gance” for sufficient, ‘‘non-come” for non compos mentis, ^‘dissembly” 
for assembly, ‘‘ suspect” for respect, reformed” for informed, and 
more of the same sort, with his condemned to everlasting redemption,” 
and ‘‘comprehend all vagrom men,” is the respectable and pompous 
old colored body-servant to the life. Elbow, in “ Measure for Measure,” 
though both he and Dogberry are rated as constables, is another ex- 
ample of the same kind ; but these constables are really mere servants, 
just as many of the so-called servants are jesters and clowns. Adam, 
in “ As You Like It,” is the old “ uncle” who is to-day wholly devoted 
to his former master and mistress and their children. Uncle, aunt, 
mammy, and boy were the titles adopted by the colonists in speaking 
to or of the negroes. In “ King Lear” the Fool addressas Lear as 
“ nuncle,” and Lear calls him “ boy.” Those two being first employed 
here with special reference to the negroes, aunt and mammy logically 
followed. 

The plays of Shakespeare are full of words and phrases and the 
misuse of words now classed as “dialect” of one sort or another. 
Among those which are most used in Southern folk-lingo the plays 
offer us the following ; gi’ for give, ha’ for have, ’tend for attend, twink 
for twinkling, yon for yonder, worser for worse, word for recite (as of 
reading a letter, or the lines of a song), graff for graft, wi’ for with, 
more worthier, more sounder (and many more double comparatives), an 
for if, writ for wrote and written, took for taken (and many similar 
misiisages), nor cannot for nor can, ’leges for alleges, ne’er a (narry) 
for never a, a many for many a, mo and moe for more, ’rayed for 
arrayed, old for great (as Mrs. Quickly, in “The Merry Wives of 
Windsor,” speaks of “ old abusing of God’s patience and the king’s 
English” by Dr. Caius), afeared for afraid, bin for been, buss for kiss, 
quality for best society, flat for certain, or for before, must or muss for 
a scramble or fray, etc. 

“Honey” is a principal and frequent term of endearment among 
colored people and all cabin-folk. Othello, addressing Desdemona, 
before he was incited to jealousy by lago, says, — 

Honey, you shall be well desired in Cyprus. 

Our cabin-folk, too, of both colors, very often allude, in quarrelling, 
to their hands and fingers as “the ten commandments.” In “ Henry 
VI.,” no less a dame than the Duchess of Gloucester shrieks at Mar- 
garet of Anjou, — 

Could I come near your beauty with my nails 

I’ld set my ten commandments in your face. 


828 


WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, HIS MARK. 


English authorities (among them Chamberses Encyclopaedia) cite 
square^e (or squar\ in lingo), meaning fair, honest, as an Americanism ; 
yet a Senator, in Timon of Athens, says to Alcibiades, — 

All have not offended ; 

For those that were, it is not square to take, 

On those that are, revenges. 

In Titus Andronicus^e is another significance of ^^square’’ that 
still survives in common parlance here. Chiron and Demetrius are 
fiercely quarrelling about Lavinia, when Aaron interferes, and says, — 

— and are you such fools 
To square for this ? 

Lingo says, They squar’d off at each other,” — meaning they began 
to fight. In the same play, Titus says, How frantically I square 
my talk,” — in the further popular sense of to order or shape. 

Little of the current slang of the day reaches the more secluded 
haunts of lingo ; and yet it has sayings that are commonly regarded as 
slang. Chinks,” for money, is one of these ; but Shakespearian au- 
thority for that has already been cited. Stephano, in ‘‘ The Tempest,” 
gives warrant for lays it on,” in the figurative sense in which it is 
here used now. As for too thin,” it has a royal charter ; for King 
Henry, in King Henry VIII.,” referring to Bishop Gardiner’s flat- 
teries, tells him ‘Hhey are too thin.” Brutus, in Julius Caesar,” 
furnishes a precedent for “ young bloods.” Adriano, in Measure for 
Measure,” says, — 

But, if thou live to see like right bereft, 

This fool-begged patience in thee will be left, — 

in which there seems to be also a play upon the words right and left. 
Desdemona assures Cassio as follows : 

Thy solicitor shall rather die 
Than give thy cause away. 

FalstaflP, in Henry IV.,” tells Colevile of the Dale, Thou gavest thy- 
self away gratis.” As for too too,” meaning superlatively or exces- 
sively, Proteus, in ‘^Two Gentlemen of Verona,” declares that he loves 
Julia too too much and Hamlet wishes that his too too solid flesh 
would melt.” In Love’s Labour’s Lost,” Armado says Holofernes is 
‘Hoo too vain, too too vain.” Jessica, in The Merchant of Venice,” 
escaping from her father’s house dressed as a boy, tells Lorenzo that 
her shames” are already “ too too light.” 

‘‘Mistis war de britches on dis hyar, plantation,” used to be heard 
frequently enough ; and in Henry VI.,” third Part, Queen Margaret 
(of Anjou) having expressed the wish that her husband, Henry of 
Lancaster, had been more resolute, the Duke of Gloucester sneerinelv 
says, — 


ROBIN. 


829 


That you might still have worn the petticoat, 

And ne’er have stol’n the breech from Lancaster ! 

The cabin-folk are more familiar with the proverbs and proverbial 
expressions with which Shakespeare abounds tiian any other class of 
our people, and they use these more frequently than any other class, 
even, perhaps, in England. But probably enough has already been 
cited to justify, in some sort, the title of this brief paper, and, further, 
to show how even our illiterates possess much in common with Shake- 
speare, although they do not know it. 

William Cecil Elam, 


ROBIN. 


R obin, robin, here again. 
In the tree-top rocking. 
With the old insistent strain 
At my heart a-knocking ! 


Only one, — the door’s ajar ; 

Two, — and it is swinging : 

In troop all the birds of spring. 
Singing, gayly singing. 


Yet the door was bolted fast, 
Locked, I thought, securely, 
Barricaded with a grave ; 

No admittance,” surely. 


Ah, perhaps that gentle heart 
In God’s-acre lying 
To that same endearing call 
Cannot help replying. 

Robin, robin, when I too 

’Neath the grass am sleeping. 
With thy dear insistent note 
Set my pulses leaping ; 

Slip the death-bolt ; calling clear. 
Spring eternal’s dawning !” 
With thy matchless overture 
Lead the birds of morning. 


Ella Gilbert Ives. 


830 


A DAY IN JUNE.' 


A DAY IN JUNEJ’ 

T) Y the way, Nan, did McWilliams get you that picture at your 

J3 limit?’' 

Mrs. Horace Hubbard hesitated a moment before answering, and 
the color which fluttered so easily into her cheeks flushed them now 
while she vainly tried to subdue it and look calmly across the daintily 
appointed table into her husband’s face. 

The shaded candle-lamps gave a most becoming and illusive light, 
but the hazel eyes of Mr. Horace Hubbard, famous among his friends 
for their marvellous keenness of vision, detected the sudden pinkness 
and the unsteady gaze of his wife, and he laughed softly as he waited. 

I wish you would not laugh so. I withdrew the order.” She 
tried to counteract the efiect of her momentary wavering by the dignity 
of her tone, but, conscious of failing, she smiled back at him a little 
shamefacedly. ^^And in its stead” — she had quite recovered her com- 
posure now — I gave an unlimited order for another.” 

This statement, though it surprised her husband, did not startle 
him. Unrufiled, he went on with his dinner, which was nearly at an 
end. It had been a very good one, ordered with care by Mrs. Hub- 
bard, who was an artist in many ways, and the salad they had come 
to had an epigrammatic crispness to finish off* this poem of a dinner,” 
Mr. Hubbard had said, just before his question about the picture. 

It would have taken a great deal to disturb him that evening, it 
was such a relief to be at home again. He had been off for a couple 
of weeks with a party over the railroad of which he was a director, 
and the restfulness of his own house and the presence of his wife, who 
had managed to keep herself always interesting to him, brought him 
that content which is very near to happiness. 

‘^I thought, my dear,” he said, his handsome eyes twinkling just 
as when he had rung door-bells as a youngster, — I thought that 
Cazin was the one thing in the world you needed to give you a happy 
home; and now, just like a woman, you change your mind.” 

‘^Well, what would you have me, at thirty?” she asked. ^^A 
bigot ?” 

He knew she was only avoiding the main subject, and sipped his 
Burgundy meditatively while the salad was taken away. 

“ Did you get the other, — the one for which you gave the unlimited 
order ?” 

Mrs. Hubbard smiled brightly at him. ^^Yes, and it really is 
lovely ; not quite like the Cazin, but I would rather have it.” 

He looked at her, puzzled. There was some mystery here, which 
time would solve, but which his wife did not seem disposed to clear 
quite yet. She looked so charming, however, in her pale-blue evening 
gown — he had always preferred her in blue — that he was willing to 
wait; in fact, he rather enjoyed it, for the opportunity it gave him to 
rally her about one of her few weaknesses. 


A DAY IN JUNE." 


831 


I thought you had put on that gown in honor of my coming 
home/^ he said, as if he were hurt; but I suppose it is the picture. 
Or perhaps you want me to go somewhere.’’ 

No, I want to stay at home to-night. The Oudley-Billings 
asked us there to a card-party, but I declined. I thought vou would 
rather I did.” ^ 

Nan,” he cried, “ I don’t care what you have paid for the picture, 
if you have saved me that.” 

Mrs. Hubbard laughed gayly. really did not want to go 

myself ; so you need not thank me for refusing.” 

“You’re improving,” her husband answered, and looked so ad- 
miringly at her that the pink color came flying back. He would have 
gone over and kissed her, if the little English butler, whom she was 
training to be an old family servant some day, had not entered just 
then with the dessert. 

“Whom is the picture by?” Hubbard asked, meekly, — “if I am 
not too curious.” He was as curious as most men about the affairs of 
his wife, although he never bullied her into telling him of them. 

“ It is a very good Inness.” He gave a sigh of relief. “ One painted 
some years ago,” she went on, “ but in his best manner, I think.” 

“ I am glad it’s an Inness. I was afraid, my dear, that you had 
been sacrificing your desires to help some struggling young artist, and 
would insist not only on buying the picture, but on hanging it too, no 
matter how bad you really believed it in your heart.” 

“You were afraid of no such thing, Horace: you never knew me 
to encourage bad work in your life.” 

“ Well, perhaps not; but I am gratified that at last you are getting 
broad enough to break loose from French prejudices and take what is 
just as good in an American way.” 

“ I have not changed my mind at all about the merits of the two 
men,” Mrs. Hubbard rejoined. “I suppose I shall have to find 
another Cazin some day to fill the aching void the loss of this one has 
left.” She rested an elbow on the table, her head on her hand, and 
gazed a moment dreamily into the memory of the twilight Cazin she 
had relinquished. “ But the Inness is certainly charming,” she finished, 
cheerfully, and went on with her ice. 

“Well, if you still preferred the Cazin, why in the name of 
common sense didn’t you get it?” her husband asked. “ Did McWil- 
liams persuade you into buying the Inness? — Though I cannot im- 
agine you being persuaded to do anything after you have once made 
up your mind.” He did not say this critically, but wonderingly, for 
he had been married ten years and knew his wife’s characteristics 
remarkably well, though he still regarded them with tenderness. 

“ Edward,” said Mrs. Hubbard, dismissing the embryo seneschal, 
“ we will take our coffee down-stairs to-night.” Then, rising, she 
went over to her husband’s chair, and, standing behind him, put her 
hands affectionately on the hair that was not as luxuriant as it once 
had been. 

“If you have finished your dessert,” she said, “let us go down to 
the den. I had it placed there, and when you see it I will tell you 


832 


“^5 A DAY IN JUNE.'' 


about it, and — oh, Horace, I hope you will think I did right/^ 
There was a little catch in her voice that made him serious at once. 

‘‘ Of course you have done right,^^ he said, turning and putting his 
arm around her; “and if all the critics on both sides of the ocean 
should say, ^ Mrs. Hubbard, you have made the mistake of your life 
in not purchasing that hay-rick in the twilight by Gazin,’ my opinion 
only of the critics would be lowered, my dear.” 

“ You are always such a comfort,” she said, gratefully. Wiping 
off with the back of her jewelled little hand a tear that had trickled 
out of one eye, she scratched her cheek with the sharp end of a 
diamond and turquoise ring, and stopped their exit to ask her husband 
if it had left a mark. Then they went down to the den in the front 
basement, while Hubbard wondered secretly why the new treasure had 
been put in that sequestered spot. 

It was a very inviting room, made gay by some gas-logs at a 
moment’s notice ; with chairs to lounge in, and two or three divans 
covered with soft-toned rugs and luxurious with all the down silk 
pillows that were not quite smart enough for the freshly done-over 
drawing-room and had taken on a pleasing pliancy from use. 

Books of all descriptions crowded several plain Chippendale cases, 
— essays, histories, poems, books on science, on philosophy, and novels ; 
not the rare editions that were kept in state in the library proper, but 
the books they loaned to intimate friends, and marked if they liked, 
and doubled over and read without covers. 

A large round table in the middle of the room was centred by a 
generous lamp, a joy to read by, and upon it still more books, — the 
latest arrivals, — magazines, and tobacco in every form. At one side 
of the room was a rack of pipes with the names of a few choice 
spirits written thereon and ready for them whenever they should come. 
On the walls, which were something between a cream and a pink in 
tone, hung a motley array of pictures, water-colors, etchings, prints 
and photographs ; for every one of them, for one reason or another, 
they had a special fondness. 

In front of the close white sash-curtains at the windows were other 
straight heavy curtains of gray satin with a charming border of pinkish 
flowers on a gold ground. These curtains were among Mrs. Hubbard’s 
earliest recollections of her childhood’s home : she had clung to them 
through years of plushes, Turkish mixtures, and brocades, while they 
seemed to repay her regard by keeping a marvellous silvery sheen to 
the end of their usefulness. 

Nothing had ever been bought purposely for this room ; like the 
curtains, everything seemed to have drifted there, and whatever was 
found to add to its comfort stayed, like the friends that were once 
admitted. Upon an easel. Nan’s own working one, rested the new 
Inness, easily the most striking bit of color in the room, and carefully 
placed for a good light. 

“ Here it is : do you like it?” 

Mr. Hubbard was ever slow in expressing an opinion, but slow too 
in changing it, so this had its advantageous side. Nan waited im- 
patiently for him to speak. 


A DAY IN JUNE.’* 


833 


Don’t you like it?’’ she cried, beginning to be hurt. 

It was a picture about sixteen by twenty-four, which gave the 
impression of a perfect June day, — the foreground of green meadow- 
land, broken a little to one side by a brook, a dark mass of the artist’s 
living trees at the back, and overhead a deep-blue breezy sky. 

It was delightful in color, done in rather a low key for an In ness, 
and to artist and layman alike bringing near the joy of a beautiful 
stretch of country on a day like those we remember. 

Yes, I like it,” he said, decidedly. ‘^And now are you quite 
ready to tell me why you changed your mind ?” But she was not 
ready even then, until Edward had placed the coffee on a low table 
between their two easy-chairs, and Hubbard’s cigar was lighted. 

“ I noticed the picture the first day I went to see the collection,” 
she began ; but I was so in love with the Cazin I suppose I did not 
say anything about it. The last morning before the sale I went down 
once more. I was there so early there was scarcely any one in the 
rooms, and I wandered about as happy as I could be — with you away, 
of course.” Hubbard raised his eyebrows sceptically, and she went 
on. Among the few people there, though, I noticed an old man I 
had seen at so many other exhibitions that I never could tell whether 
I had really ever met him or just thought I knew him from having 
seen him so often. 

He was very shabby, but clean ; a big man, with rather heavy 
features and perfectly white hair, and he kept up a nervous bobbing 
of his head all the time, but seemed to be unconscious of it. I had 
often wondered who he was, and somehow or other always associated 
him with my father, though I did not know why. He seemed to 
know a good deal about pictures, always picking out two or three of 
the best to hover around, and I thought he might be a dealer, except 
that he looked too poor. He interested me so much that I had often 
been tempted to speak to him ; you see, I have not quite got over the 
Bohemian tendencies I used to indulge when I painted instead of 
buying pictures.” 

When you painted what, Nan ?” 

“ Canvasses, of course ; you don’t suppose I ever thought I painted 
a picture, do you ? But don’t interrupt. 

Tliat morning I was watching my old friend, speculating about 
him as usual, when I noticed him suddenly discover that,” — she waved 
her hand toward the Inness, — and the poor old fellow looked as if 
he had been struck by some one. He sat down on the bench nearest 
it, his white head shaking more than ever, and rubbed his hands 
piteously together. I could not stand it any longer, and flew down 
and asked McWilliams who he was. 

The moment he said the name of ‘ Heathly’ I remembered where 
I had met him. When I was a little girl, papa had taken me to his 
house to see his pictures; for he had a superb collection then him- 
self. 

'‘‘That’s old Heathly,’ McWilliams said; ‘I always let him in 
here when he’s sober, though he never has even the price of an admis- 
sion nowadays ; but all the dealers know him, and don’t mind having 

VoL. LY.— 53 


834 


A DAY IN JUNE.’’ 


him around for the sake of the prices he used to pay for what he 
happened to take a fancy to/ 

When I went back he was sitting just where I had left him, with 
the tears running down his cheeks. 

I went right up to him. ‘Mr. Heathly,’ I said, ‘of course you 
don’t remember me, but I used to be Nan Murray ; you must remem- 
ber my father, John Murray.’ He looked at me a little bewildered at 
first, and then seemed to collect himself. ‘ John Murray ! Are you 
his daughter?’ he said, and tried to smile : you never saw anything so 
pitiful in your life, Horace, as that smile. 

“ ‘ Yes,’ I said, and kept hold of the hand he had put out, and 
patted it a moment, I think. I was so sorry for him. ‘ I went to 
your house ever so long ago, and remember seeing such quantities of 
pictures there.’ I stopped then, afraid I had been saying the wrong 
thing, but he looked a little comforted, and I saw it was a relief to 
him to talk, and so sat down beside him. 

“ ‘ That was one of my pictures,’ he said, pointing to it. ‘ I 
haven’t seen it for six or seven years. It was Corinna’s favorite of 
all we had. Do you remember my wife?’ he asked, straightening up 
and speaking with more dignity. ‘ She is dead, you know.’ 

“ ‘ No ; I don’t think I ever saw her. But what a beautiful picture 
it is !’ 

“ ‘ Yes, isn’t it? I wish I could have kept just that one,’ he said, 
his chin quivering pitifully for a moment, and then he regained his 
self-possession. ‘ I failed in ’87,’ he went on, ‘ lost every dollar, and 
that had to go with the rest ; but, thank God, it came when she could 
not feel it.’ 

“ ‘ I am so sorry ! Was it necessary to give them all up?’ I asked. 
I knew what it must have meant to a man who cared like that. 

“ ‘ Everything. First she went, then the money, then my pictures, 
and then — my friends. You are like your father,’ he said. ‘ I see 
him once in a while even now. He has a heart; he does not 
forget.’ 

“ I said I was glad he thought me like him, and drew him on to 
talking more and more until he told me most of his life. He started 
a poor boy, and married when he was still poor but was beginning to 
get on a little. They were New England people, with some educa- 
tion, I suppose, and ambitious to improve themselves as they grew 
richer. They never had any children, and they both loved pictures. 
He did, at least, and I believe that must have been why she did, 
as she followed him in everything then, as she had worked for him 
while they were poor. He finally went into Wall Street. Every- 
thing he touched turned out well, and they were as happy as could 
be, when she died, eight years ago. That seemed to have broken his 
nerve, for he began to lose his head from that time. He told me that 
after she had gone the pictures were his greatest comfort; he used 
to spend hours among them, and they somehow brought her nearer. 
They had selected them together, but this one of all had been her 
favorite, because it reminded her of the view they had from their first 
real home in Montclair. 


AS A DAF IN JUNE. 


835 


They never knew whether it really was done there or not, but, as 
Inness sketched around that country a great deal, they thought it 
probably was. 

Then his money began to go, and he seemed to lose his grip on 
managing his business, till finally the smash came and he gave up 
everything. It broke his heart, I think. ^ I can't seem to pull up 
and make a fresh start,' he said : ‘ I guess I’m too old ; for I have had 
a couple of chances, too.' He blushed when he said this, and I 
thought of what McWilliams had told me about his drinking. 

Then he went back to the picture. ^ It's a wonderful bit,' he 
said. ^Do you see the way that brook winds clear back to the trees? 
— though you don't notice it at first, — and the shadows on the grass 
are so transparent they seem to come and go while you look. When 
I came across it suddenly to-day it brought her right to me. If I 
could only have it back again, the rest wouldn't seem so hard: it 
would help.me to remember better.' I said good-by to the Cazin that 
minute, Horace." Mrs. Hubbard stopped with a little sob at the 
thought of old Heathly's hopeless anguish, and Hubbard pushed the 
low table between them away, and she moved nearer and leaned her 
head against his arm while she finished ; 

I asked him to let me give him the picture then ; I knew it 
would not bring more than the Cazin, and that I could, — although 
I was almost afraid to offer it to him; but I put it on the ground of 
old friendship. 

‘ It would not do any good, my child,' he said. ‘ I could not 
keep it.' And he blushed again. ^ I should be glad to keep track of 
it, though, so I could see it once in a while.' 

“Do you wonder I told McWilliams to get it for me? I could 
not do anything else; could I, dear? — with you away, too. After I 
had arranged about it I told him he could come whenever he liked 
to look at it, and stay as long as he liked, and need never ask to see 
any one, but that Edward would show him right in here. He could 
not thank me, but I knew." 

She rose and went over to the picture, looking at its sunshine 
through 

A happy mist like that which kept the heart of Eden green. 

“Has he been here yet?" Hubbard asked, busying himself with 
lighting a fresh cigar. 

“Yes; he came to-day, and asked for me first. You would have 
thought he had made a new fortune, to see how happy he was." 

“He has won the best woman in the world for a friend," said 
Hubbard. Then there came a familiar knock on the window, and, 
while Mrs. Hubbard fled to cool off her bedimmed eyes, Hubbard him- 
self let in one of the chosen spirits of the pipes. 

“ Glad to see you, Dick," he said. “ Come in. Mrs. Hubbard 
will be down in a minute. She has just been explaining to me the 
fine points of this new Inness. What is your opinion of it?" 

May D. Hatch. 


836 


IMPROVING THE COMMON ROADS. 


IMPROVING THE COMMON ROADS, 

I HAD the privilege several years ago of discussing this question in 
some of its aspects in the pages of this magazine. At that time 
a movement had just begun which had for its object the betterment 
of the condition of the roads and their general improvement until the 
internal highways of the country should be equal to those enjoyed by 
the most advanced nations of Europe, instead of being worse than 
those in any other civilized country in the world. I pointed out in 
that article how it happened that the common roads in America were 
so disgracefully bad, and dwelt somewhat on the desirableness, from 
economic and social stand-points, of securing a quick and radical im- 
provement. Since then there has been conducted in this .country an 
earnest and zealous campaign of education in regard to road-matters, 
and to-day there are hundreds where there were formerly only tens 
actively alive to the immense importance of this subject. Burdens we 
bear without knowing why they are imposed upon us or how we can 
relieve ourselves from them seem too hopeless to fret over. And such 
have been the burdens imposed by bad roads. The great majority of 
the people who habitually use the roads never saw any better, and very 
many of them did not believe they could be any better. Indeed, some 
men who in the ordinary affairs of life have displayed intelligence 
have maintained that our roads were good. They have argued that, 
because they were as good as those our fathers and grandfathers used, 
they were as good as need be. With such there is no need to argue, 
— they are not worthy of it; for no argument, however plain, could 
get close enough to their minds to be convincing. We must count that 
they will be in opposition, and in our work for improving the roads 
make due allowance. 

And in this work much has been done of a very gratifying char- 
acter. In fourteen States the laws have been so amended that in each 
of them comprehensive road-improvement is now possible; and in 
several of these much excellent practical work has been done under 
these new and more liberal laws. Under the old laws, which prevailed 
pretty generally all over the United States, vast sums of money, or the 
equivalent thereof, were spent every year in ill-timed and unskilful 
efforts to keep the roads in order. Whether the system of working 
out taxes on the road prevailed or not, the result was pretty nearly 
always the same, — the money and time expended were worse than 
wasted. When a man who does not know the first principles of road- 
construction or road-maintenance is made responsible for the repair of 
the highways in his neighborhood, his failure to do otherwise than 
harm is inevitable. 

In the colonial days in this country it was seen by men of wisdom, 
like Franklin and Washington, that the administration of the common 
roads should be taken away from the purely local authorities : first, 
because they were incompetent, and second, because they were influenced 


. IMPROVING THE COMMON ROADS. 


837 


and moved by local considerations. From then till the railway came 
into being and put an end to road-improvement in the United States 
for nearly two generations, this fight against local control was kept 
up ; and when it was on the eve of being won, the expansion of rail- 
ways took away, for a long while, all interest in the subject. Now 
that this interest has been renewed, because we have learned that the 
common roads are more important on account of the railways than they 
were even before, we are again confronted with the necessity to take 
the road-administration away from the purely local powers; in these 
new laws this has been done to a great extent, and where the laws 
have been put in operation it has been found that the changes work 
admirably. 

Let us look at the new laws for a moment. For this purpose we 
will take the recent Road Acts in New Jersey, a conservative State, 
but in this matter of road-improvement the most advanced of any. 
Ten years ago the generality of roads in New Jersey were neither 
better nor worse than elsewhere in the older States. But they were 
shockingly bad, — streaks of mud and mire in winter and spring, while 
the rest of the year they were fetlock-deep in dust or sand. According 
to the old order, each township attended to its own roads, and each 
township was divided into road-districts. Over each of these road- 
districts there was a road- overseer, and to him was given what money 
the Township Committee allotted to his district for road-maintenance. 
As a general thing, the road-overseers had precious little money to 
spend, as the more thrifty land-owners — and the thriftiness of the 
Jersey farmers has long been proverbial — preferred to take advantage 
of that provision of the law which enabled them to work out their 
road-tax by supplying laborers when the overseer should require them. 
Then, again, the overseer allowed one dollar and fifty cents a day for 
labor which could always be hired for from one dollar to one dollar 
and twenty-five cents per day. The consequence of this was that a 
lot of incapable men under incompetent supervision would work 
several days every spring and fall, with the result of making the roads 
very much worse than they found them. They would scrape off the 
hard material, which should have been bonded into the roadway, and 
pile in loose earth from the ditches, which should have been spread on 
the fields to make them fertile. This method of working the roads 
made them almost impassable till the kindly rains washed this soft 
material back into the ditches. 

New Jersey has in it all the year round an immense suburban 
population, and in summer the urban folk from New York, Philadel- 
phia, and Newark are scattered all over the State, from Sussex to Cape 
May and from Long Branch to the Delaware Water Gap. Now, these 
people are not only very fond of driving, but they took naturally to 
the bicycle, and they became not only road-inspectors but road-im- 
provers. The inspectors preached the doctrine of good roads while 
abusing those that were bad, and the road-improvers who had means 
did practical work in the betterment of private and public roads too. 
These two influences combined to stir up a popular sentiment in favor 
of better roads ; but, as nothing very considerable could be done under 


838 


IMPROVING THE COMMON ROADS. 


the old laws, these laws were amended. As they are to-day, they are 
the best that exist on the statute-books of any State ; but practical 
experience has shown that in some regards they might be improved. 

After the abolishment of the working out’’ feature of the road 
law, the most important act was that known as the State Aid Law. 
Under this law, when a county determines to build new roads, the 
State from a general fund contributes one-third of the cost. This 
recognized the principle that all the people were interested in the 
common roads, and that the cost of their construction should not rest 
entirely upon the people of the locality through wdiich they ran. But 
there was a feature of this road law even more important than that of 
State aid ; for without this feature the law would have been a dead 
letter, so far as most counties were concerned, on account of the 
opposition of the dull and stubborn and the slow conservatism of the 
agricultural mind. This provision of the law stipulated that when 
two-thirds of the property-owners on a section of road not less than 
one mile in length agreed to pay ten per cent, of the cost of regrading, 
ditching, and macadamizing that section of road, then the County 
Board of Chosen Freeholders should do the work, and pay from the 
county funds fifty-seven per cent, of the cost, from the tax-payers along 
the improved road ten per cent., and from the State thirty-three per cent. 

Now, this law did not merely permit the freeholders to so improve 
and to pay for such sections of road, but it made such action manda- 
tory upon the Board. They were obliged to do it. And this is the 
way it worked. In one neighborhood a few enterprising men would 
enter into an obligation to pay the ten per cent. ; then the county 
would have to pay for its lawful proportion. Residents in remote 
parts of the county would hear of this, and they too would want good 
roads, and they would take advantage of this provision of the law, so 
that in a little while the freeholders would see that if some general 
plan of road-improvement were not adopted, the county would have 
here and there short stretches of good roads connected by bad roads. 
With such conditions confronting the county government, comprehen- 
sive action was sure to result. In this way several counties have 
already secured excellent roads, and in several other counties large 
schemes of road- work are under way or under discussion. 

There is another gratifying result in road-improvement. When 
even a small section of good road is laid down in any neighborhood, 
the people of that neighborhood forthwith demand that all the roads 
shall be made equally good. This means that, now that the work has 
started, it is inevitable that it will spread over the whole country. 
There is a notable instance, and this is taken from New Jersey for 
the reasons already mentioned, and because the writer has had better 
opportunities of judging of the progress there than elsewhere. Moores- 
town, in Chester Township of Burlington County, is about ten miles 
from Philadelphia. It is a Quaker neighborhood, and the Friends are 
a notably conservative body of men. The section is admirably adapted 
to the growth of vegetables and small fruits, and the excellent markets 
in Philadelphia are to a great extent supplied from there. The soil is 
sandy. Till within three years past, the country roads have been as 


IMPROVING THE COMMON ROADS. 


839 


bad as roads could be. In summer and autumn they were more than 
six inches deep in a heavy dust, through which wagons were drawn 
with painful weariness ; in winter and spring many of them were 
almost impassable, and the farmer who sent a loaded wagon away 
entered upon as hazardous a venture as the merchant who despatched 
ships to unknown seas. When the team would return was only a 
matter of conjecture ; if the load weighed two tons, four horses were 
needed to drag it through the sand and mire, and even then the wagons 
often stuck. The conservative people of Moorestown several years 
ago lost patience with some of these bad and dangerous pieces of road, 
and the township of Chester appropriated fifteen hundred dollars to 
macadamize several such places. The township of Cinnaminson ad- 
joining did likewise, and during the summer several little stretches of 
good stone road were laid. For the first time in their lives, many of 
the people of the neighborhood saw a good piece of road. It is true 
there were turnpikes in the county coated with gravel, and one or two 
with a rubble-stone pavement on them ; but these were not good roads 
at all, except when compared with the sandy roads before mentioned. 
Now there was an immediate demand for stone roads in all the chief 
highways of the township. Under the law of 1888 the township 
voted to issue bonds for forty thousand dollars and to spend this money 
for the macadamized roads. This was done the next year, and for 
this sum the township secured twelve miles of roadway nine feet wide. 
This was at a cost of a trifle over three thousand three hundred dollars 
a mile. It is true that the grading to be done was not heavy, but 
then, again, the stone had to be brought a great distance. Where the 
grading is heavier and good stone near at hand, this cost need not be 
exceeded, though it is safer, perhaps, for those who may be inspired 
by the good example of Moorestown to estimate that a good road 
twelve feet wide will cost five thousand dollars per mile. It is true 
that twelve feet of width is not always necessary. Ten feet does very 
well in most country neighborhoods, and in the Moorestown section 
the narrow nine feet of pavement answers every purpose. 

Now, what has been the eifect of this road-improvement in the 
neighborhood of Moorestown? The improvements have been too 
recently made to answer this question with entire definiteness, but that 
there has been an appreciation in the value of all property is certain. 
For years past, I am told by men of affairs of the locality, it had 
been most difficult to settle estates owning farming lands where there was 
a necessity to sell. No purchasers were forthcoming at anything like 
adequate prices, and the lands had to be held by the executors. Now 
there is no such difficulty, as lands are in demand, and in every direc- 
tion, even in these dull times, are to be seen the evidences of a spirit 
of improvement. Here there will be a splendid mansion in process 
of building ; across the way the shabby old house that has done service 
for a hundred years and more is being burnished up and put in repair ; 
lawns, even to farm-houses, are rolled and shaved with the lawn- 
mower; while the hideous front fences which deform the ordinary 
village are being taken down as fast as intelligence can overcome the 
obstinacy of prejudice. 


840 


IMPROVING THE COMMON ROADS. 


But this is not all that has been done in Moorestown. In 1891 
the State Legislature passed the State Aid Law before mentioned, 
appropriating seventy-five thousand dollars annually for good roads, 
and under this law Chester Township has secured the improvement 
of five miles of road, and the adjoining (Cinnaminson) township seven 
miles ; so that in the immediate neighborhood of Moorestown, in 
addition to the turnpikes, there are twenty-four miles of admirable 
stone roadway. When the township improves a road under the law 
of 1888, the township must maintain it ; under the State Aid Law of 
1891, the maintenance is at the cost of the county. There is one 
danger from which these roads may suffer. They are so good that 
they may be permitted to fall into disrepair, because, even when put out 
of order, they are still so much better than the old-time roads that the 
people would be content with them. This would be a very great pity, 
for a well-constructed macadamized road, well maintained, will last 
forever. And the maintenance of a good road ought not to cost more 
than two per cent, of its first cost; indeed, many engineers of expe- 
rience say it should not exceed one per cent. Whether it be one 
or two per cent., the money should be spent promptly and regularly ; 
for it is true in road-repairing, as in many other things, that a stitch in 
time saves nine. At any rate, the cost of repair would not amount 
to nearly so much as the money now ordinarily spent in working the 
roads. 

Camden County, which adjoins Burlington, has also taken advan- 
tage of the State Aid Law, and nearly fourteen miles of Telford pave- 
ment have been laid. These Camden County roads are excellent, 
though not as good as macadam, and they probably cost more money 
than they should have done ; but neither tax-payers nor assessed prop- 
erty-owners grumble. Here is a r4sum6 of the cost of the Camden 
County Telford roads : 

Church Eoad, 14 feet wide, 3^ miles long $30,690.42 

White Horse Koad, 14 feet wide, 7i miles long 76,337.17 

Gloucester Road, 14 feet wide, 21 miles long 16,943.75 


Total $123,971.34 

State’s proportion $40,747.11 

County’s proportion 70,827.10 


Property-owners’ proportion.... 12,397.13 $123,971.34 

The same result could probably have been obtained for very much 
less money; but Camden County was blessed with a boss, — a man 
who owned a race-track at Gloucester and also served in the Legisla- 
ture at Trenton. 

Reference has been made to the uncertainty that a farmer felt when 
he sent off a load to market as to when his team would return with 
the usual load of manure. Now the time of return can be depended 
on with entire confidence, while two horses and one man do more than 
three times as much work as it used to take four horses and two men 
to accomplish. There is a plain mathematical problem which those 
who have any doubts as to the benefits to be derived from better roads 


IMPROVING THE COMMON ROADS, 


841 

would do well to ponder over. One farmer in the neighborhood of 
which I have been writing told me that he now got twice as much 
manure every year for one hundred dollars less money. In the old 
times a wagon weighing nineteen hundred pounds, with four horses 
and two men, could take two and a half tons of produce to market 
and bring back the same weight of manure in a day — if the team had 
good luck and escaped getting mired. Now one man with two horses, 
in a wagon weighing twenty-three hundred pounds, carries four tons 
forth and back, and makes the journey twice. This statement is made 
upon the authority of a prominent farmer in Camden County, who 
has had experience under previous and present conditions. 

Here is another instance. The wheelwrights in Burlington County 
are now kept busy building larger wagons. Formerly four- horse 
wagons were built to carry fifty five-eighths-bushel baskets. Now 
they are building two-horse wagons with a capacity varying from 
ninety to one hundred and twenty-five baskets of the same size. 
These are facts that even dull people can comprehend, and therefore 
there is no room, after these practical demonstrations of the benefits 
to be derived from better roads, for any sensible opposition. The 
social advantages of good roads are felt at once when improvements 
have been made, and there are no more zealous advocates of road- 
betterment in Burlington County than the city men residing there, 
who personally have only a secondary interest in the economic ad- 
vantages. With a good hard stone road to drive over, a man who 
starts out on pleasure bent has a feeling of assurance that he will get 
back home in decent season ; therefore he goes where he pleases. 
With the old roads, the uncertainty of getting back made him stay at 
home. 

In other parts of the same State, even greater changes have been 
j)roduced by making good roads. In this regard Essex County was 
the pioneer, and the near-by county of Union followed suit. These 
may properly be called new suburban counties; for the good roads 
have brought towns and villages so close together that it is hard to tell 
where one leaves off and the other begins. Before the era of good 
roads these two counties were filled with farms that did not pay. 
Now all manner of land is in demand, and brings what seem to be 
city prices. The farms have been changed into vegetable gardens, 
and on every hand are indications of great prosperity where before 
were shiftlessness and decay. No one need ask a man from either of 
these counties twice as to the value of good roads, as any such will 
answer promptly and emphatically that they are the greatest boon that 
can be given a countryside. Nor does any one complain of the 
increased tax-rate, for every man of intelligence knows that his land 
has been greatly enhanced in productive capacity and selling value. 

Now comes another instance, also taken from New Jersey, and 
there are lessons of very wide application in it, for the same problems 
will be met with in nearly every hilly neighborhood in the United 
States. I allude to the road-improvements in Morris County, famous 
for its picturesque scenery and its health-giving altitudes. The free- 
holders of Morris County were driven to adopt some general road- 


842 


IMPROVING THE COMMON ROADS. 


improvement plan by the property-owners who applied for State and 
county aid. They were unwilling to go into any scheme, but were 
forced into it by the necessities of the situation. The County Engineer 
consulted with an eminent authority on road-making, and after some 
preliminary surveys he was advised that money spent in mac^adamizing 
many of the present roads would be thrown away unless the locations 
were changed or the grades altered. This eminent authority, General 
Eoy Stone, Engineer of the Road Bureau of the United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, said, — 

‘‘Any costly resurfacing of the existing roads will fasten them 
where they are for generations. Your chief difficulty is not with your 
road surfaces, but with their high grades, most of which are too long 
to be reduced by cutting and filling on the present lines. Your roads 
were laid out, as is the custom in this country, without any attention 
to the general topography, and generally by following the settlers’ 
paths from cabin to cabin or by running along their farm lines, regard- 
less of grades or direction ; and most of them still remain where they 
were laid and where untold labor has been wasted in trying to improve 
them. 

“ No hilly region was ever better provided with natural roadways. 
Low summits divide the waters of all your great intervales, and all 
your high plateaus have gently sloping valleys leading up to them. 
But your roads climb the steep hill-sides, or where they follow the 
valleys in the main, they cross all the foot-hills they come to instead of 
skirting them. It would have been worth many millions to you to 
have had them systematically and skilfully laid out in the beginning. 

“Your hill townships would have been rich and prosperous to-day, 
and your towns would have shared in their prosperity. All your 
leading roads would have been kept down to the limit prescribed for 
hilly regions in other countries ; that is, to a four-per-cent, grade, or 
four feet rise in one hundred, instead of ten, twelve, or fifteen per 
cent., as you have them now. And if this had been done, one-half 
the cost of all the hauling that has ever been done to and from your 
farms and forests, mines and manufactories, mills and stores, would 
have been saved.” 

Then, after discussing some of the details of the problem. General 
Stone continued his words of advice : 

“ For the whole county, seventy-five to one hundred miles of new 
road will be needed, which, if well built, will take one-third of your 
whole fund. But it will be money well spent, and will give you a 
splendid system of highways upon which to begin your surface-im- 
provement. But, as the Spaniards say, ‘ You cannot make omelets 
without breaking eggs,’ and you cannot correct the mistakes of four 
or five generations without hurting somebody. You will encounter 
violent opposition to many of the necessary changes, and your great 
danger will be in yielding to local influences before there is time for 
the public to come to your support. But if you go slowly at first, 
if you fix your limit, and do not allow yourselves to be rushed into 
any departure from it until you are sure that the whole county will 
justify you, all will be safe. 


IMPROVING THE COMMON ROADS. 


843 


Many of those who fancy they will be hurt by the changes will 
find themselves benefited instead ; and if you simply mark out your 
new lines, and postpone action on them till the people are familiar 
with their advantages, you will find your way made easy in nine cases 
out of ten. If, on the other hand, you make no limit, and throw the 
whole burden of locating the roads upon the local freeholders in each 
case, unless they are more than human, your whole system of roads 
will be sacrificed to neighborhood influences, and you will have a 
beggarly piece of patchwork, with the old hills and hollows, crooks 
and turns, perpetuated, and nothing to show for your county debt and 
extra taxation but a wasted opportunity and a bar to good roads for 
all time to come.” 

Notwithstanding this very pointed advice from one who could 
speak from professional experience, the freeholders have not had the 
backbone” to carry out the plan he made for them except here and 
there. Neighborhood demands — demands made in ignorance and in- 
sisted on with stubbornness — have been too great for them to with- 
stand, and the most splendid opportunity that road-improvers have yet 
had in this country is likely to be more than half thrown away. And 
the men who make such errors will not have to wait for the condemna- 
tion of posterity to receive their just rebuke. This movement is going 
ahead so rapidly that in ten years from now the people in every neigh- 
borhood in the United States will know what a good road is, and will 
not be satisfied with anything less. But there are problems to be met 
byre-locations in other than hilly countries ; in such places too the 
opposition is likely to be long and bitter, and in many instances to 
prevail. In the original surveys by the national government of the 
public lands, nothing whatever was done in the way of laying out a 
scientific system of roads ; hence the farmers have been left to lay out 
the roads for themselves. Generally, I may say universally, they have 
done this by following farm lines. In hilly sections of the country 
this has resulted, as in Morris County, New Jersey, in going over all 
the hills that came in the way. But in the prairie countries the farms 
are square, and the roads run around them instead of diagonally 
through them, as they frequently should to get from point to point 
by the shortest route. In hilly countries this method of location 
has entailed what might be called the hill tax ; in the prairie country 
it might be called the square-cornered tax. Now, both these taxes 
should be avoided, and I have thus called attention to them because 
those who are to carry on the movement for better roads should know 
of the difficulties they must encounter and overcome if they Avould 
succeed. 

But the road-improvers and the makers of road-laws need to be on 
their guard, for it has been demonstrated time and again in the near 
neighborhood of large cities that so soon as country roads in populous 
neighborhoods or between prosperous villages have been graded and 
paved, the builders of trolley railroads pounce upon them and divert 
them almost completely from the purpose for which they were intended. 
The extension of trolley-lines into the country should be encouraged 
in all proper ways, but the public authorities, the law-makers and the 


844 


IMPROVING THE COMMON ROADS. 


people, should insist that these trolleys should be located in proper 
places. Such proper places are not upon paved roadbeds, nor yet in 
the spaces between the pavements and the ditches. The pavement 
of a macadamized roadway is meant to drive on ; it is injured very 
seriously by having a horse-car-track on it; for driving purposes it is 
ruined by having a trolley-track upon it, — ruined as completely as 
though an ordinary railroad-track were placed over the pavement. 
Nor should the spaces between the pavement and the ditches be used 
for railway-tracks, for these spaces are admirable driving-roads more 
than half the time, and the rest of the time are needed for drainage 
purposes in taking the rainfall from the pavement to the ditches. A 
railway-track of any kind would interrupt this drainage, which is of 
the greatest possible importance, as the macadam pavement is, after 
all, as much in the nature of a roof as anything else. The inventor 
of this system of road-building maintained that if a roadbed were 
made dry by drainage, and kept dry by an impervious covering, it 
would carry any load that could be placed upon it. And the expe- 
rience of four generations has proved that MacAdam was right in his 
theory. But if we break this roof for a railway-track, or if we inter- 
rupt the surface-flow of water by a railway-track on the side, then the 
whole purpose of the road-construction has been defeated. It is 
desirable, however, that trolley-lines should be located near to the 
roads, for then they are easily accessible. The natural place for them 
is on the roadside beyond the ditches. This location involves the 
expense of grading for the railway roadbed, and hence the builders of 
trolleys endeavor to secure permission to put their lines on the roadbed, 
where everything has been prepared in advance. This is as wrong as 
it can be, for such locations not only ruin the roadway but make it 
dangerous to life. There should be incorporated in every road-law a 
stipulation that no permission be given to place a railroad in the road- 
way without referring the question to the popular vote of the town- 
ship, and requiring that the railroad should then pay a rental of not 
less than ten per cent, per annum on the first cost of the roadway. 
Such a provision of the law would compel the promoters of trolley- 
roads to seek other locations for their lines, and would leave the 
common roads for the uninterrupted use for which they were origi- 
nally intended. 

From what has been said it will be seen that, while the road- 
improvers have made encouraging progress, their path has been hedged 
about with difficulties, and that even after the work is done it is not 
secure from destructive encroachments. But tliese facts should neither 
discourage nor deter any one animated by manly public spirit. Every- 
thing in this world that is worth having has to be fought for, and all 
our vigilance is needed to keep that which we have won. So if we 
would have good roads we should be willing to fight against ignorance 
and stupidity, and if we would enjoy those that we get we should be 
prepared to battle manfully against official corruption and corporate 
cupidity. 


John Gilmer Speed. 


BESET IN ARAVAIPA CANON 


845 


BESET IN ARAVAIPA CANON. 

I N the summer of 1852 — this being the second overland journey for 
two of us — Jack Crawford, Tom Foster, and I, with four pack- 
mules, were making our way by easy stages to California, and in- 
dulging, as we went along, in frequent side excursions for the purpose 
of prospecting and hunting. 

During one of these desultory wanderings we lay over for a few 
days at the old Spanish town of Tucson, in Arizona, then containing 
less than twelve hundred inhabitants. Here we fell in with a tall, 
lank Missourian, named Joe Byers, who posed as a mighty hunter and 
warrior, professing to have slain Indians, grizzlies, and ‘‘ painters’^ (as 
he called pumas) innumerable. 

This being precisely the kind of man we wanted to supply the 
place of a deceased mate, we accepted Joe’s offer to buy in with us, and 
were ourselves beautifully sold ; for the fellow proved to be a rank 
tenderfoot and cowardly as a coyote. But he possessed one accomplish- 
ment useful at times : he could run like a deer, those long legs, when 
once set in motion, carrying him over the ground at a pace which a 
jack-rabbit might have envied. 

Although yet young men, we three original mates were old pros- 
pectors and knew a little something about Indians, Crawford in par- 
ticular, he having crossed and recrossed the Great Plains no less than 
four times. When Jack could be induced to talk of his adventures at 
all, it was always in a modest, matter-of-fact way, without a shadow 
of boasting, though he bore numerous scars from arrow- and spear- 
wounds. But Joe Byers more than made up for this reticence. He 
was eternally bragging of what great things he had done, and would 
again do, on occasion. 

Sho !” said he, in one of these spurts, talk ’bout Injens ! why, 
one well-armed white man what kin shoot ’s a match fur fifty uv the 
red cusses ; an’ ez fur grizzlies, painters, an’ sich like varmints, they 
ain’t no more ’count than so many suckin’ pigs.” 

Oh, shut up, Joe,” exclaimed Tom Foster : maybe you’ll have 
a chance to do something besides blowing, one of these days.” 

Jist wish I could,” our new mate rejoined ; but thar ain’t no 
sich luck fur me, I reckon.” A reasonable supposition, for we had 
been together on the road two weeks now and had not seen an enemy, 
though in the heart of a hostile country. 

Our past and present immunity, however, was doubtless due not 
only to our own caution, but also to the unsleeping vigilance of old 
Whitey, the hoary leader of the mule quartet. Wind or no wind, 
rain or shine, in daylight or darkness, no Indian, grizzly, cinnamon 
bear, cougar, or gray wolf could sneak, however stealthily, within two 
hundred yards of this sagacious beast unnoticed. By some strange 
instinct, or by the sense of smell, the wise old fellow always detected 
the approach of danger, and would then lift up his voice and bray in 


846 


BESET IN ARAVAIPA CANON. 


such sort that, at the appalling sound, four-footed beasts of prey would 
incontinently flee, and the red-skinned bipeds postpone to a more 
auspicious time the pleasing operation of taking our scalps. So all 
the hunting for big game had to be done beyond the reach of our 
zealous sentinel’s challenge. 

At that time breech-loading repeating guns had not come into use, 
but each one of us was armed with a good muzzle-loading rifle and the 
largest size Colt’s revolver, the chambers of the latter having to be 
loaded with loose powder and ball and separately capped, as metallic, 
rim-fire cartridges were then unknown. In skilled hands these heavy 
pistols, carrying pointed bullets, were, up to one hundred yards, quite 
as effective as rifles ; and as the four of us had always twenty-eight 
shots in hand, we were in a position, unless taken totally unawares, to 
stand off a strong force of Indians, few of whom in those early days 
possessed fire-arms : at least these far Western tribes did not. 

With the exception of Joe, however, we were not particularly 
anxious for a fight; but he was constantly wishing ‘Ho come acrost a 
good, big band uv redskins or a grizzly b’ar or two,” in order to show 
his courage, which some of us had cruelly begun to doubt. This 
laudable ambition was duly gratified in both respects. 

One morning, when about one hundred and twenty-five miles from 
Tucson, we came to a profound defile called Aravaipa Caiion, said to 
be eighteen miles in length, ranging from sixty feet to a hundred yards 
in width, and enclosed on both sides by perpendicular walls of rock 
from one thousand to three thousand feet higli ; so that, having once 
entered, nothing but a bird could escape from it except by turning back 
or going through. Along the bottom of this great canon runs a tiny 
stream, forming in places deep pools, crowded with fish, and it is inter- 
sected by several lateral canons, deep as itself, but only a few feet wide, 
from whose darkened depths one gazing upward may see stars at mid- 
day. 

Unless it may have been through a mischievous desire to test the 
Missourian’s grit, I cannot imagine why our usually prudent leader. 
Jack Crawford, proposed an exploration of this fearful place. Still 
less can I account for the fact that Tom and I agreed to the move, — 
a crazy one indeed to make in an enemy’s country, though we had no 
reason to suppose that a single Indian was just then in the neighbor- 
hood. 

On entering the cafion, we three old hands went first ; then came 
the mules, in reverse of their usual order, old Whitey taking, on this 
occasion, the post of honor in the rear, while Joe, strangely thoughtful 
now, preferred, for reasons best known to himself, sticking close to his 
long-eared friend. A great part of the floor along which we travelled 
was thickly strewn with loose boulders and pieces of detached rock, but 
for long we saw no living thing, and, save for the gentle murmur of 
the trickling rill and the occasional plash of a trout, heard no sounds 
except those made by our own party. 

Oppressed in spite of ourselves by the gloomy solitude, we went 
slowly on, scarce daring to break the awful silence by so much as a 
whisper, while closely scanning the rocks on all sides in search of pos- 


BESET IN ARAVAIPA CANON. 


847 


sible outcropping veins of mineral. We had gone, perhaps, eight 
miles, when suddenly old Whitey uttered a tremendous bray, which, 
echoing from side to side of the confined space, rang out like the 
trump of doom. 

We were instantly on the alert, all depression gone; but where was 
the danger ? before or behind ? A query quickly answered, for the 
reverberations had not died away before Joe Byers, with eyes starting 
from his head and legs going like a pair of runaway Brobdingnagian 
tongs, came tearing past the mules and breathlessly exclaimed, “ Fellers, 
thaFs two grizzlies ^way back on the trail a-lumberin’ straight fur us 

Although we were by this time almost convulsed with laughter at 
the collapsed hero’s ridiculous appearance, Tom Foster managed to 
say, Well, why in thunder didn’t you shoot the brutes? You know 
‘ sich varmints ain’t no more ’count than so many suckin’ pigs.’ But, 
hello! where’s your rifle?” 

I — I — sot it down, so’s to run faster. Them b’ars is ez big 
ez three-year-old steers, an’ I thought I’d better let you fellers have 
a chance at ’em,” stammered Joe, whose knobby knees were fairly 
knocking together. But his news was very welcome, and we really 
felt obliged by his generous forbearance. 

Old Whitey, having done his duty, had stopped trumpeting as we 
walked back past him and his trembling mates in hopes of getting a 
shot at the bears ; but not a bear could we see. Evidently astounded 
by the unearthly racket, they had retreated into a side canon, passed a 
minute or two before. 

“ Come on, Joe,” said Crawford. Pick up your gun, and we’ll 
give you a fair share of the fight.” 

Much obleeged. Jack ; but I raally b’lieve I’d orter stay by the 
mewels. The critters might stampede, you know,” Joe considerately 
replied. 

I don’t know but what you’ll be as useful there as anywhere,” 
Jack good-naturedly rejoined, and we moved briskly ahead. 

On coming to the lateral canon, we saw that at about a hundred 
yards from its mouth it was completely blocked by a mass of fallen 
rocks, perceiving which, Crawford said, We’ll have a fight, sure 
enough, boys. A grizzly will generally get out of a man’s way if he 
can, but these brutes are trapped, and it’s just a question of killing or 
being killed if we attack them. They’re hiding among those rocks 
now, and when we advance close enough they’ll charge like butfalo 
bulls, only ten times worse. What do you say ? shall we go on, or 
turn back?” 

Why, go on, of course,” we both answered. We’ve all tackled 
grizzlies before, and we’re alive yet.” 

It so happened that one of us three was, and had been from early 
boyhood, a singularly expert rifle-shot, and this man now said, I’ll 
undertake to dispose of whichever bear comes out on the left. You 
two take the one on the right. Fire together, straight at his head ; and 
if you miss the brain, draw your revolvers quick as lightning. We 
ought to drop both brutes at the first fire, though, as we won’t shoot 
until they’re within fifteen yards.” 


848 


BESET IN ARAVAIPA CANON. 


Then we went slowly on, abreast, the cailon being so narrow that 
the outside men could almost touch its walls by stretching out a 
hand. 

With rifles held ready for instant use, we drew nearer and nearer 
to the barrier, but could see nothing of the bears, whose tawny brown- 
ish fur was almost exactly the color of the rocks. 

Look out, boys,’^ Jack cautioned. The old villains are laying 
for us. We must scare them up somehow, for it'll never do to run 
right on top of them.’’ 

H-sh, Jack. Look there !” whispered Foster, as he pointed to a 
crack-like opening between two big boulders, beyond which, in a little 
clear space, we now savv the shaggy monsters lying side by side, with 
their fierce, bloodshot eyes keenly watching us. But they gave us no 
time to fire, even had the aperture been wide enough to admit of doing 
so effectively. With that curious instinct common to wild creatures, 
they instantly knew that they had been seen, and with wondrous 
celerity both brutes rolled over out of our line of vision, and the next 
moment dashed around the intervening rocks and, with open mouths 
and horrible boar-like gruntings, came at us from either flank. 

The one that emerged on the left had a short shrift indeed, a heavy, 
steel-pointed bullet piercing his brain before he had advanced three 
yards from cover ; but the one on the right, happening to jerk up his 
head just as his adversaries pulled trigger, received both shots in his 
lower jaw, shattering it to fragments. 

Though thus rendered incapable of biting, the enraged monster 
never faltered, but, rising on his haunches, struck so quickly with his 
terrible paws at the two men that, agile as they were, one had his 
hunting-smock ripped from collar to waist-band and his breast severely 
scratched by the descending claws. 

But by this time the undismayed hunters had disengaged their 
revolvers, and as the furious beast came down on all-fours again, both 
muzzles were pressed against the butt of his ear, two reports rang out 
as one, and he sank to the ground, stone dead ; for, when shot directly 
through the brain, a grizzly bear is as easily killed as a rabbit, though 
I’ve known one to destroy three men after an ounce bullet had pierced 
his own heart. 

Whew !” exclaimed Jack Crawford, that was a pretty close call ; 
but it’s all right now, and we’ve got the two biggest gri^lies I’ve ever 
seen.” 

It took us quite an hour to remove the enormous pelts in good 
shape, and then they were so heavy that we did not care to carry them 
farther than the mouth of the side caiion, from which point to the 
spot where we had left the mules was about three hundred yards. 

Joe had so heroically subordinated his fighting propensities and 
curiosity to his sense of responsibility that he had never come to see 
how we fared, and now we yelled to him to bring two of the mules 
along for the skins. 

On coming up and seeing the trophies, the fellow coolly said, 
‘‘Waal, fellers, you done fust-rate. I couldn’t hev did no better my- 
self ; but the mewels had to be looked arter, an’ so I missed the fun. 


/ 


BESET IN ARAVAIPA CA^ON. 349 

You mustn’t ’spect me to stay out, though, if we git a chance at the 
redskins.” 

Well, I’ll be blowed !” Tom Foster ejaculated. 

Then we went back and prepared dinner, to which a dozen nice 
trout, caught from one of the pools, made a welcome addition, while 
the pack-animals were regaled by that almost forgotten luxury, a feed 
of corn, a small reserve stock of which we had still on hand. 

Having yet ten miles to go, and being anxious to get through 
before night, we set out as soon as the meal was finished, the mules, 
led by old Whitey, being this time in front, and we following in the 
rear. 

As the hams of the grizzly bear, except those from a very young 
animal, are not good eating, we had left the whole of the two carcasses 
for the vultures, scores of which — a tell-tale sign for chance on-lookers 
— had begun to descend from the apparently tenantless sky even before 
we had completed the skinning. 

As we trudged merrily on, Joe entertained us by blood-curdling 
reminiscences of sundry Indian fights, wherein, according to his own 
account, he had performed prodigies of valor. Why,” said he, “ onct, 
up in the Blackfeet country, I was cornered in a couUe by nineteen 
warriors, an’, arter fightin’ ’most all day, I wiped out every mother’s 
son uv ’em. But these Injens down here doesn’t ’mount to shucks, 
an’ I reckon they’re mighty skeered uv white men.” 

They might well be scared of us, anyhow, if they knew you were 
along, Joe,” Foster dryly observed. 

They’ll find that out purty quick ef any uv ein’s fools ’nuff to 
tackle us,” replied Joe, complacently. 

After travelling steadily for two hours, we had come within a few 
hundred yards of an abrupt bend in the cafion, when once more old 
Whitey pricked up his ears, stuck his tail out stiff as a ramrod, and 
sent forth a bray compared to which his previous effort had been a 
mere piano trill. 

To the front, boys !” cried Crawford, but keep well under cover 
as soon as you can be seen from the bend. It’s Indians this time, 
sure ! mounted Apaches, likely. The red devils have seen those hov- 
ering vultures, or maybe heard our firing, and have spurred round into 
the lower end of the cafion to cut us off. We’ll have to drive them 
before us or else leave our bones in this gulch ; for a retreat would be 
certain death.” 

Hurrying along, openly at first, and then, as we came near the sup- 
posed ambuscade, gliding from boulder to boulder, we finally reached 
a position whence, ourselves perfectly concealed, we could command a 
view of the cafion beyond the bend, when Jack’s surmise was fully 
confirmed ; for, though not an enemy was to be seen, we had little dif- 
ficulty in detecting, some hundreds of yards away and partially hidden 
by rocks and bushes, twenty-two Indian ponies ! 

Well, Joe, this won’t be quite so good as your Blackfeet fight, as 
there’s only five and a half Apaches to one of us, but it’ll do to keep 
your hand in,” Jack pleasantly remarked, turning to address the 
doughty Missourian. But no Joe was there. He’d totally vanished. 

Yol. LV— 54 


350 BESET IN ARAVAIPA CANON 

One of us went back to the mules, but not a trace of him could be 
found. 

A good riddance,” Foster savagely muttered, if the miserable 
hound had only left his arms and ammunition behind. Where do you 
suppose he’s gone. Jack ?” 

The Lord only knows, and I guess only the devil cares. He’s 
likely lying in a trout-hole,” laughed Crawford. 

During this by-play, none of us had exposed himself to the possi- 
bility of being seen by the savages, who we well knew were crouching 
among the scrubby bushes and loose stones not far off, as climbing up 
either of the vertical walls to gain a coigne of vantage was utterly out 
of the question. 

The fellows, therefore, could have no idea of our numbers, — per- 
haps did not even know the significance of old Whitey’s alarm, and 
were patiently waiting for us to run into the trap ; but, finding that 
we did not show ourselves, they, of course, soon suspected that we had 
somehow become aware of their contiguity. 

For ten minutes or so this mutual watchfulness continued ; then 
Crawford whispered, I am going to try to draw the reds out, boys. 
If I succeed, each of you fire a wild pistol-shot. Knowing nothing 
of revolvers, they’ll think there are only two of us, with empty 
guns, and will perhaps charge, hoping to wipe us out before we can 
reload. If they’re fools enough to do that, we’ll pour in our remain- 
ing nineteen shots ; though they’ll probably run before we’ve fired half 
of them.” 

Jack now took off his blue flannel jumper and overall trousers, 
fixed them artistically together, and stuffed them out with the coarse 
grass growing everywhere around us. Then he held the dummy be- 
yond the edge of a boulder in such a way as to look as if the bulge of 
his own body were protruding. 

The old, old ruse succeeded admirably, for instantly there came 
from the cover, about thirty yards away, a hurtling shower of arrows ; 
and as soon as Tom and I had fired our decoy shots a squad of hid- 
eously painted Apaches sprang up and, with uplifted tomahawks and 
terrific yells, rushed toward us. But not for far. ‘^Now, boys!” 
shouted Jack, and at the crack of our rifles the three foremost braves 
went headlong down. For a few seconds the others stood bewildered, 
and then, as one after another dropped under the storm of revolver 
bullets, fired so rapidly as to seem like the work of a dozen enemies, 
the surviving warriors darted off to their ponies and scurried away 
with the whole herd except two animals, which, to our surprise, they 
left behind. 

After a moment’s reflection, while we were hurriedly reloading our 
weapons, Crawford thoughtfully said, ^^Boys, there’s some mystery 
about this. Eleven reds are lying here, and nine have skedaddled, 
making twenty in all. Where are the other two, for whom the ponies 
are left ?” 

A startling but quickly answered inquiry, for Jack had barely 
ceased speaking when from far in the rear there came a series of 
affrighted screams. The hell-hounds have outwitted us, after all I”^ 


BESET IN ARAVAIPA CANON. 


851 


he exclaimed, and, running at top speed toward the spot whence the 
sounds had come, we caught sight of the whilom beliigerent Joe 
struggling frantically in the grasp of the two missing braves! In 
another second it would have been all up with the poor fellow, as we 
did not dare to fire while the three were thus interlocked. But at 
our mighty view-halloo the savages glanced back, relaxed their hold, 
turned about, shot two random arrows at us, and then, with erratic 
leaps, dashed away toward cover, — a cover never reached ; for, despite 
their aim-distracting contortions, both fell to our rifles before they 
had gone twelve yards ; while Joe, sobbing like a baby, sank in a 
heap to the ground. 

Well, young man, how do you like the style of the Indians in 
these parts that ‘ don’t ’mount to shucks,’ and how in the deuce did 
they ever catch a fellow that can run like an antelope ?” Foster rather 
heartlessly inquired. 

‘‘ ’ Tain’t no use kickin’ a feller what’s down, Tom,” Joe sheepishly 
replied. I war a-settin’ up to my chin in the crik, when, jist arter 
you chaps fired, the fust thing I knowed them two varmints yanked 
me out by the ha’r, an’ ef I hadn’t fended them off purty good I’d ’a’ 
bin a gone sucker ’fore you come up, fur I’d dropped my rifle, an’, uv 
course, the revolver in my belt war soakin’ wet.” 

We accounted for Joe’s capture by supposing that the Indians must 
have sent out two scouts to ascertain our strength, and that, despite our 
vigilance, these men must have crept past us along the bed of the creek, 
and, coming upon our cowardly comrade just as they heard the sounds 
of battle, were determined, however the fight might have gone, to secure 
at least one scalp, or, more likely, as they had not at once killed their 
captive, to take in a prisoner for future torture. 

There’s one comfort, Joe,” one of us consolingly observed : you 
won’t, from this out, have to peril your soul by telling about those 
wonderful Indian fights of youi-s.” 

‘^Well, there’s no great harm done,” Jack cheerfully remarked. 

Not one of us has a scratch, and we’re richer by two war-ponies ; but 
the quicker we get out of this place the better, for the Apaches will 
collect a strong force by to-morrow morning and come back to remove 
their dead. They consider that a solemn duty; and we must be far 
away before then.” 

Fortunately, we were now within two miles of the end of the 
cafion, and so came out upon the open plain by sundown, not a little 
pleased to escape skin-whole, or at least with only a few bear-claw 
marks, from an enterprise so rashly undertaken. 

After getting supper, we travelled rapidly all night, the two saddle- 
ponies being a great help, and by daybreak next morning were far 
beyond the Apache country. 

Never once after his pitiful taking down did Joe vex us by apocry- 
phal tales of his prowess ; before California was reached he had become 
a quite modest fellow, and once, in the Sierras of Nevada, — then a part 
of Utah,— he actually helped us to repel an attack of Pah-Utes with- 
out flinching. 


William Thomson. 


852 


THOREAU. 


THOREAU, 

T here are two of the many essays on Thoreaii that are probably 
more read than all the others put together, and because of their 
authorship — Emerson and Lowell — have greater weight in the minds 
of readers than would any expression of opinion from any other source 
as to Thoreau as a man of letters or as a naturalist. But the world is 
not always wise in bowing down to greatness, for greatness is very sure, 
in the long run, to overestimate itself. Neither Emerson nor Lowell 
was fitted to the task they undertook, though they doubtless thought 
they were. It is true that Emerson^s article prefacing Thoreau^s volume 
Excursions’^ is a biographical sketch merely, but in it are phrases 
that are open to criticism. As an instance, take Emerson’s estimate 
of Thoreau’s ambition, or what he calls a lack of it. Now, so great 
is the infiuence carried with every word of Emerson that probably not 
one reader in a hundred but regrets that Thoreau preferred to be cap- 
tain of a huckleberry party” to leader of a political one, and that he 
held pounding beans” to be better than the pounding of empires.” 
There is the error. What we sadly need is an infusion of intellect 
into the lower strata of man’s activities. There will always be brains 
and to spare in the courts of professional life, — great leaders who will 
reach the artificial element that crowds the cities and happily leaves 
undisturbed the simple folk who live nearer to Nature. Thoreau 
would have been lost, or at best but one of many, had he overcome his 
repugnance to mere formality and met his neighbors in a dress-suit. 
We cannot imagine him acting any one of the innumerable white lies 
of modern society. In such slavish toggery he would have excited as 
much of ridicule as he now commands of admiration. In his lifelong 
battle for sincerity and simplicity, he knew the field upon which he 
was to fight ; knew it better than any antagonist he met, and left it a 
conqueror. 

As we glance over modern biography, we find there are countless 
examples of youth born in the ranks of the lowly who have aspired 
to better things and seized knowledge as a cable by which to draw 
themselves upward, and spent their remaining days at a higher level 
and in an atmosphere that was but a source of wonderment to their 
ancestors. This sounds very noble ; it is noble ; but in Thoreau’s case 
there was an inversion of this order, and the intellectuality that Emer- 
son deplored as dissipated was put to the very highest of uses, that of 
making the lower or simpler things of life shine out in their proper 
light. By thoughtfully pursuing the occupations he chose, he raised 
them to the rank of professions, and clothed with dignity labor that 
before was drudgery. The quickest way to send the world to perdition 
would be to make all men lead professional lives, and the positive curse 
under which we now rest is that the absurdity is taught by parents 
to infants, and by teachers to scholars, that the true or best life is that 
of the pre-eminently learned, and that no dignity or honor or worthy 


THOREA U. 


853 


reward of any kind comes to him who lives closest to Nature, and so 
most remote from the centres of civilization. Pounding beans, which 
Pmerson sneers at, would not be degrading or belittling or unworthy a 
man of brains, if here and there a man of mental force would show 
that his brain and brawn need not come into conflict. If, over the 
land, Thoreaus would demonstrate that a day of toil in the fields can 
be followed by an evening of rational, intellectual enjoyment, the world 
would quickly advance beyond the present stage of agitation and unrest, 
that needs a standing army to preserve even the semblance of order. 
If the philanthropists would attack the problem of intellectualizing 
work, the workman would be benefited indirectly more than any efforts 
directed at ‘^the masses’^ will avail. No work that the world calls for 
should be looked upon by a favored few as beneath manhood. More 
mischief lurks in a sneer than about a cannon’s mouth. Thoreau stands 
for two conditions which neither Emerson nor Lowell nor any great 
man of letters or of science or of political economy has ever dreamed 
of displaying upon his banner : Simplicity and Sincerity. This was 
an ambition far higher, far better fitted to secure the welfare of man 
and the permanency of his own fame (if he ever thought of the latter), 
than anything that Emerson ever thought of. Of course we must 
always bear in mind that Thoreau died before the youth of old age had 
commenced, and it is obviously unfair to pass too critically upon his 
writings. But two of the eleven volumes that complete his works 
were issued in his lifetime, and what he might have done with the mass 
that has since been printed, what omitted and what elaborated, cannot 
even be conjectured. That the best results should be realized, Thoreau 
should be read first, and what his critics have to say be considered 
subsequently; and it is to be regretted that, laudatory as is the bio- 
graphical sketch by Emerson, it should have contained a single stricture. 
That stricture was not called for. 

Lowell’s essay on Thoreau, in the former’s volume entitled “ My 
Study Windows,” though he claims his ^^most fruitful studies” to have 
been ‘^in the open air,” is eminently unjust. There was not the 
slightest trace of sympathy between the two men. Lowell is the re- 
porter of the flower-garden ; Thoreau, of the forest. Lowell can ride 
in a well-appointed boat down a safe stream, and report the graceful 
weeping willows that adorn its banks ; Thoreau can sit cross-legged in 
a cranky canoe and tell in matchless language of the wild life that 
lives in dangerous rapids and lurks in the fastnesses of the untrodden 
wilderness. Lowell is tame, Thoreau is savage. The former tells us 
of a zoological garden ; the latter of life in the haunts that Nature had 
provided. This being true, there lurked no cunning in Lowell’s pen 
to tell the world who and what Thoreau really was. He simply gives 
us his own impressions, and they are erroneous. The well-known in- 
stance of Lowell, as editor, omitting from a manuscript of Thoreau’s 
what he considered an objectionable passage, shows how widely apart 
these two men stood, and the act was an assumption on Lowell’s part 
without excuse. What right, indeed, had he tacitly to assert that 
heaven lacked a feature Thoreau thought might be there? Neither 
of them knew, of course, one whit about the matter, but it is difficult 


854 


TROREA U. 


to see why the bare-handed, sunburnt out-of-door Thoreau’s opinion 
is not as worthy of consideration as that of his in-door, kid-gloved 
critic. It was a trivial matter, perhaps, but nevertheless a straw 
showing the direction of Lowell’s thoughts, — that Thoreau, because of 
his being a champion of simplicity and a foe to half that which Lowell 
cherished as making life worth living, could be snubbed successfully. 
But the world is growing wiser. There is more freedom of thought 
than there was forty years ago, and perhaps no better evidence of true 
advance than the increase in numbers of those who now ponder as 
seriously over Thoreau’s suggestive pages as they were once enter- 
tained by the polished periods of Lowell. 

Extremes are necessary to effect great changes. No man ever yet 
drove a nail home, using only the exact force needed. There will 
always be an over-expenditure of enthusiasm. Thoreau always said 
more than he meant, knowing that, if he did not, his meaning would 
not reach home. He did not expect or wish a Walden hut to be built 
on the shore of every frog-pond. It was enough that his own expe- 
rience should be an object-lesson for succeeding generations. We can 
carry a hermitage with us wherever we go, and meditate therein to our 
advantage. There are few men of culture but have or long to have 
their ^^den” where they are comparatively free from interruption. 
This is the meaning of Walden. He knew, well enough, that to be 
heard we must speak loudly to the deaf, and he shouted his best phrases 
where others have whispered and been unheeded. There is a roughness 
that is excusable on occasion. We do not ask the drowning man if 
his arm is sore when we firmly grasp it to save his life. If the reader 
is surprised at times at Thoreau’s earnestness and plainness of speech, 
he must remember that he was a man with a purpose and held his 
moments at their full value. There was no time to study what others 
had decided as the best methods of recording thought ; and yet who 
has given us better specimens of pure literature than he ? There is 
no other writer of our country who leaves the mind in a more 
thoughtful state, when we close the volume, than he does. This is just 
the difference between Thoreau and his critic, Lowell. The latter 
keeps us in a pleasant frame of mind so long as w^e read, but Thoreau 
lingers long after we have laid aside his boo&. 

A word more concerning Thoreau as a naturalist. He was busied 
with the wild life about Concord when Science” was still occupied 
with the hunt for new species and content with a mere description of 
form and color. Evolution was but little discussed, and in New Eng- 
land much disregarded, because of the efforts of Agassiz to make it 
appear untrue. Thoreau made no practice of haunting museums, objects 
in alcohol or stuffed with tow not appealing strongly to him ; but he 
did care to know, and was successful in ascertaining, the habits of the 
animals he saw. It is true he was anxious to know the scientific name 
of a plant that he had found, and, learning it, felt his interest grow ; 
but this does not seem to have been a need as to animal life. It was 
enough to know that a given fish was a chub or a perch. The bream 
built a nest, scooping a hollow in the sand. That this New England 
bream” was a percoid, and not a cyprinoid as is the English bream, 


THE REFERENDUM AND THE SENATE. 


855 


and that it had a dozen Latin names given by as many authors from 
Linn6 down, did not interest him. He knew the birds as creatures to 
be met in various places, each with habits of its own and its seasons 
of going and coming. This, rather than anatomy, was to him a matter 
of interest and importance. To-day such facts are found to have a 
bearing on philosophical zoology quite equal in importance to ana- 
tomical structure. Tlioreau did not add greatly to our knowledge of 
wild life, but he did that which is of equal merit, showed how delight- 
ful was the pursuit of such knowledge, and, in a measure, how it might 
be obtained. 

For many readers, perhaps for most, there is too little natural 
history in his books, too much of other matter. As we read, we feel 
at times a wish that he would sooner reach his conclusions on philo- 
sophical or political questions, because we are sure they will be followed 
by some bright reference to a bird or beast, simply phrased, yet so cun- 
ningly that the creature stands before us. Anybody can say or write, 
“ I see a fox,’^ but in Thoreau^s books these same words are so framed 
in other matter that the animal leaps into view, and we see it dart over 
the snow, daintily carrying its splendid brush, perhaps looking partly 
over its shoulder at us, and leaving footprints that dot the author’s 
pages, though he is eloquent over Greek poets, addresses a mountain, 
or weaves into splendid imagery the smoke that at sunrise he sees 
curling from his neighbor’s chimney. 

Thoreau had no predecessor and can have no successor. He was 
the product of conditions that can never again arise, for to expect 
another Concord with its galaxy of intellectual giants is utterly vain. 
He was one whose influence will last as long as our language shall 
remain. 

Charles C. Abbott. 


THE REFERENDUM AND THE SENATE. 

T hat oft-said threat of the English Radicals, to ^^end or mend” 
the House of Lords, is by no means a revolutionary cry. It is 
merely evolutionary. In the same way our own anger against the 
United States Senate is a sign of sturdy political growth. For, in 
truth, both institutions are slowly outliving their usefulness. They are 
almost ready to be carted off as old lumber to the garret of historical 
curiosities. Nor will it be necessary to hustle the Lords and Senators 
away violently; they will go of their own accord, as soon as English 
and American voters have learned to express their will directly and 
systematically by means of the Referendum. In that day the people 
will constitute a second House to pass judgment upon bills framed by 
their representatives. 

There was a time, not so long ago, when we were very proud of our 
Senate. As a rule, the States of the Union seemed to make a merit 
of sending their best men, culled from local politics by a system of 
natural selection. Of course, scholars have always recognized that the 
Senate is essentially a survival from English political practice ; that it 


856 


THE REFERENDUM AND THE SENATE. 


was a compromise adopted duriog the internal quarrels which attended 
the birth of our Federal Constitution. Still, the bicameral system 
served so happily the purpose of representing the people by population 
and by State that one readily forgave it for not being indigenous. 

But to-day the case is different. The Senate has become not only 
a clog in the wheels of legislation, it is a veritable agent of national 
corruption as well. Most of us are reluctantly losing our respect for 
an assembly which acts alternately as a tool of special legislation, as an 
obstruction to popular demands, and as a Rich Man^s Club.” At 
present the Senate does little else than multiply the chances for spoils- 
hunting, and in a general way add to the alarming array of political 
crimes annually perpetrated upon the long-sutfering American public. 

It must be understood that the objection to the prevailing million- 
aire senator is not his wealth in itself, but his lack of statesmanship, 
of expert knowledge, of enthusiasm for the public good. How can a 
man who has made his fortune by special privilege be expected to 
legislate impartially? The same popular odium attaches to poor men 
who are pushed into the Senate from the lobby to look after certain 
interests, as the phrase is. Their conduct is outlined for them at the 
start ; their policy is mortgaged, and they simply pay the interest on 
their borrowed capital by voting as they are told. 

The science of legislation is really very simple in a genuine de- 
mocracy. The sole object of political machinery, in itself considered, 
ought to be to ascertain and execute the popular will. Under our 
present system there are endless ways of blocking or diverting this 
popular will, — and the party boss knows them all. 

The true American system of self-government may be described as 
the town meeting. That was the training-school for the patriots of the 
Revolution. It is to-day the kernel of our political institutions. What 
more natural than that the voters should come together periodically to 
make their own laws ? No better method could be imagined for free- 
men living in small communities. It was Thomas Jefferson who ex- 
claimed, “ Those wards, called townships, in New England, are the vital 
principle of their government, and have proved themselves the wisest 
invention ever devised by the wit of man for the perfect exercise of 
self-government and for its preservation.” The citizens of Boston 
clung to the town meeting system until 1822, when the registered voters 
numbered between seven and eight thousand. The town of Brookline, 
though populous and rich, still refuses to be turned into a municipality, 
for fear of losing its direct and pure democracy. The town meeting, 
starting from New England, has advanced south and west, and is 
everywhere displacing or supplementing the representative county 
system. 

Now, the distinctive feature of this American town meeting system 
is that in it every voter has the right to pass judgment upon the laws 
which are to govern him. He does not merely elect a representative; 
he says yes” or no” to certain measures. That is what the Swiss 
call the Referendum. Furthermore, any ten voters of a town have the 
right to propose legislation, by having an article inserted into the 
warrant. That is what the Swiss call the Initiative. 


THE REFERENDUM AND THE SENATE. 


857 

Unfortunately, as soon as one of our towns adopts a city charter, 
its voters are considered incompetent to originate measures and pass 
judgment upon them. The usual combination of mayor, aldermen, 
councilmen, and party rings is forced upon the new-made citizens. Self- 
government has given way to a so-called representative system. In 
adopting the high-sounding title of city, the voters have sacrificed their 
birthright, which is to make their own laws. 

And, yet, is this sacrifice necessary? Is there not someway of pre- 
serving the directness of the town meeting even under our representa- 
tive system in the city, the State, and the Union ? 

The Swiss seem to have solved this problem for themselves by 
extending the use of the Referendum and the Initiative to municipal, 
cantonal, and federal matters. They have thus established everywhere 
a bond between voters and legislators, between constituencies and repre- 
sentatives. The people at large have been drawn into partnership in 
the national workshop, so that the ideal of politics without politicians 
has been almost realized. 

Side by side with this peculiar feature in Swiss government may 
be noticed another, — i.e., the absence of second Houses in the Cantons. 
There we find but one legislative body, called generally the Grand 
Council. The bicameral system is not at home in Switzerland, for the 
obvious reason that, where the Referendum is in existence, the people at 
large play the part of a second House far better than any representa- 
tives can do. 

But in their central government the Swiss have adopted the bicameral 
system. The Federal Assembly consists of a National Council, repre- 
senting Switzerland by population, and of a Council of States, chosen 
from the Cantons. It is interesting to know that the Council of States 
is an avowed imitation of our own Senate. Swiss scholars of inter- 
national politics like Bluntschli, Riittimann, and James Fazy long ago 
advocated the bicameral system unremittingly, and when, after the 
war of the Sonderbund in 1848, it was found necessary to adopt a new 
Federal Constitution, their advice prevailed. The English House of 
Lords could not well be taken as a model, since it is based upon class 
distinctions, so that Swiss constitution-makers naturally turned to the 
United States. The resemblance of the Council of States to our Senate 
is sufficiently close to excite comment, but its usefulness is problematical. 
Whenever the two Houses disagree, the question at issue is, after all, sub- 
mitted to the people through the Referendum. No dead-lock in legis- 
lation can, therefore, arise. In theory both Houses are said to be of 
equal political importance ; in practice, however, the National Council 
has far more influence. Its members are elected for three years, while 
those of the Council of States have terms varying from one year to 
three, according to the custom of the Cantons which they represent. 
When the two Houses meet in joint session, as for instance to elect a 
President of the Swiss Republic, the larger House, of course, always 
has the majority. 

It is claimed by constitutional writers that the bicameral systems 
of Switzerland and the United States typify the double sovereignty of 
the people, — i.e., by population and by State. It is a question whether 


858 


INTERWOVEN STRAINS. 


this surprising fiction is worth maintaining. There is a wide-spread 
belief in Switzerland that the Council of States is a sort of fifth wheel 
in the government coach. It seems entirely probable that this second 
House will ere long be allowed to fall away as superfluous. 

The same prophecy can be extended to this country, should the 
Keferendum ever take root in our Federal government, as now seems 
likely. The Senate will die out, it will disappear in the evolution 
of governmental machinery towards pure democracy, as surely as the 
whale, since it became a sea animal, has lost the use of its rudimentary 
legs. 

There will be no friction, no violent abolishing. It will be like 
the dropping of an over-ripe apple. 

The final cure for political corruption, of cour^se, must be sought in 
social and economic reforms. Politics are little else than a superficial 
manifestation of deep-lying conditions in society. At the same time 
the safest machinery to use in bringing about these reforms is that of 
pure democracy. Call the whole people into political action. Restore 
real self-government. 

At present men who are needed in politics abstain for various 
reasons. Some are hopelessly discouraged by the impossibility of 
making their voices heard, or even of being properly represented. 
Others justly fear the tyranny of party organizations. Rather than 
enter into the company of bar-room politicians, the majority of well- 
to-do voters who have certain interests at stake resort to bribery and to 
the regular payment of blackmail. 

But the Referendum tends to throw the element of personal 
intrigue out of politics. It makes bribery profitless and blackmail 
shameful. It produces a business government instead of a grab-bag. 
Nor must the practical politicians be allowed to cry, Theory ! theory !’^ 
for the Swiss people, who have perfected direct legislation, are the 
most practical people in the world, the least doctrinaire, the most free 
from political gush. 

W. D. McCrackan. 


INTERWOVEN STRAINS. 

A ND so,’’ said this girl with the rose-leaf lips, ^^you have got to 
the last chapter of your book ! How splendid ! Tell me, 
isn’t it a delightful sensation, now that you can see the end ?” 

He sat quite silent for an instant or two. His eyes met hers 
quickly, and passed on to the window-view beyond. Yes,” he said, 
staring out so absently as to betray his earnestness, there is only one 
chapter left. But I am in doubt about the ending. And that is one 
thing I wanted to ask you about.” 

Ask me ? I — how shall I advise so — h’m — so eminent an author ? 
Still — if I can. But you must tell me the story first.” 

Of course. It is very simple, but it has — I believe it has — the 


INTERWOVEN STRAINS. 


859 


true ring about it. That is because most of the sentiment in it is 
genuine.’^ 

delightful, and how — unique ! But how am I to help 

Oh, haven^t you known ? This will only be your finishing touch ; 
you have helped me always, from the very beginning. You have been 
such a bright light before me ; I have seen things more clearly because 
of you. I didn’t mean to tell you of it, but — well, there is still that 
last chapter. Here is the main point at issue, if you will listen a 
moment. 

“ There is an author, poor, talented. Not in actual want, mind 
you ; he makes enough for one man easily enough, especially when 
that one man happens to be a bohemian sort of bachelor ; but, as com- 
parative phrases go, he’s poor. He’s very well satisfied with himself 
and his work, — at least as well satisfied as any man can be who is 
forced to realize that only his worst work is marketable, — and he’s 
quite content in his loneliness, with its perpetual air of healthy pes- 
simism, and its occasional flashes of light-heartedness. You can im- 
agine that sort of man, can’t you?” 

For the time of a heart-throb her eyes rested upon him before she 
answered, Yes, I think I get the idea.” 

“ Well, this author did a very foolish thing. Deliberately, and in 
a mood of what he thought was second-sight, he proceeded to declare 
himself in love with a certain girl. To understand him, you must try 
to picture to yourself the girl. She was — h’m — she was ” 

He hesitated. Her face was expressive only of curiosity, of a 
mild and somewhat passive interest. 

Oh,” she put in, lightly, of course there are some beautiful 
descriptive passages about her. But never mind ; I will just think of 
an ideal woman.” 

Yes,' an ideal woman. You are right. The only unromantic 
thing about her was her poverty. She had even less money than the 
author. And you know that only the rich can afford a romance. And 
yet this author longed to marry her. She was, though she never knew 
that, lifting him out of pessimism. Cynicism — and perhaps, too, some 
cleverness — were silenced when her eyes spoke to him. Do you get 
the situation ?” 

Quite clearly.” 

He had never spoken to her of love. But her influence was upon 
him ; it showed in his work. She was a clever girl, pretty as a pas- 
telle, and as fragile, and eager of praise. His writings became tinged 
with a new beauty, a new air of fineness : that was the effect of his 
love for her. 

Well, now, in the last chapter he is to propose to her. Advise 
me, will you, whether she should accept him or not? He is unable to 
offer her luxury, remember; and she is so pretty, so fair, and so fond 
of the fair things in life, as to be, perhaps, somewhat eager for them, 
always. Now, — you are a woman, — what should be the true ending, 
the artistic end? Of course I can see that marriage bells would 
please the public ; but I’m not so anxious about the dear public. If 


860 


CONTENT. 


they married, they might become, both of them, horribly commonplace ; 
all the cleverness might go out of his work, and all the fairness out of 
her face. Though all that, as conventional fiction orders it, need not 
be told ; the ‘ I wilF can be made the last word. On the other hand, 
if she refuses him, h’m 

You are putting the thing most clearly,-^ she put in, tapping the 
floor gently with the heel of her boot ; most clearly. If she refuses 
him — will you let me conjecture what you intended ? — if she refuses 
him, he is stung into a sort of fierceness, the kind of temper that pro- 
duces the highest grade of literary expression. He does the best work 
of his life under the stimulus of hurt pride and wounded vanity, or 
even of despair. As for her, — it would be very pathetic, this ! — she 
loves him, but she is afraid of losing her creature comforts, and so she 
says ‘No,^ and afterwards marries Moneybag, wrinkled and heavy. 
Always she regrets that young author; all her life is poisoned by the 
sight of the luxuries she has bought at the price of her love. Oh, I 
think that is much the more artistic answer.’^ 

There was complete silence. The room hardly seemed to feel their 
presence. Then he sighed, quite lightly, as if he were saying, Heigh 
ho and pulled at his cufis. “Yes,’^ he assented, that does seem 
the truer art. I knew you would give me the right advice. Women 
are so much finer in some things 

Will you take another hint?’^ she interrupted. ^^It is about the 
moment — in your last chapter — when the girl refuses him. Don’t do 
what all the men before you have done ; don’t — h’m — juggle with your 
ingredients ; in a word, don’t let the curtain down immediately after 
the ‘ No.’ It doesn’t come down so in real life ; but novelists nearly 
always seize a climax here, and shut out the public from everything 
else. Don’t have the man promptly leave the room, the house, in 
anguish, in bitterness, in — oh, in anything under an hour. In the first 
place, no man with manners ever would. But in stories the men ‘ pass 
into darkness,’ and then — Curtain ! Now, your author — he should, oh, 
just take his refusal gracefully and — change the subject.” 

How clever you are ! I shall never be able to tell you how much 
I admire you ; no, never ! Your advice is delightful. And I think, 
no, I am sure, I shall follow it. And now — shall we change the 
subject ?” 

J. Percival Pollard. 


CONTENT. 

A mong the meadows of Life’s sad unease. 

In labor still renewing her soul’s youth. 

With trust, for patience, and with love, for peace, 

Singing she goes with the calm face of Kuth. 

Madison Cawein, 


THE TYRANNY OF THE PICTORIAL. 


861 


THE TYRANNY OF THE PICTORIAL. 

C ERTAIN aspects of the illustration of newspapers and periodicals 
are interesting just now as indicative of modern tendencies and 
as marking the difference between the standard of what is worth pub- 
lishing to-day and the standard that prevailed a decade or two ago. 
The editor of a prominent weekly says that his paper wants no liter- 
ary matter beyond a very small amount, — about enough to fill three 
columns. What he does want and gives all his energies to secure 
is illustrations ; the reading matter to carry them is easy enough to 
get, probably without calling upon outside help. In other words, the 
purely pictorial element is the controlling end and be-all of this enter- 
prising publisher. 

While this may be an extreme instance of the craze for pictures, it 
cannot be denied that the same spirit, if in a less degree, actuates the 
entire secular weekly press and, in larger measure than ever before, the 
daily press. It has also invaded the large and important field of trade 
publication, so that to-day no trade paper that claims to be up to date 
is without the inevitable half-tone. 

Of the latter feature of the reign of the pictorial I do not desire to 
say more, but rather to call attention to the almost unlimited field that 
has been opened in the literary and journalistic world to the man who 
is skilled as a draughtsman and who can put into his drawings the 
quality which stamps them as art. Precious few of these young fellows 
have this quality, it is true, and more’s the pity of it, for if there is 
any department of American publication that should be improved, it is 
that of illustration. The trouble is not that there are too many artists, 
but that there are too few good ones. There are almost as many men 
drawing pictures, good, bad, and indifferent, as there are writers. And 
it is far easier for an artist of ability, as newspaper artists go, to get 
profitable work, than it is for the equally good writer. 

In fact, it behooves the writer either to learn to draw, or to hire an 
artist to draw for him, and invariably to submit with his articles some 
sort of illustration which will enable the editor, who is really nowadays 
half an editor and the other half art” manager, to find some excuse 
for publishing the articles at all. That is to say, reading matter un- 
accompanied by pictures is far less in demand than when pictures come 
with it, and it should also be remembered that the pictures, however 
crude, may be redrawn or touched up to answer the requirements. So 
well understood are the pictorial necessities of modern publication that 
original photographs obtained personally either from travel in foreign 
lands or in out-of-the-way nooks and crannies of our own country, or 
sent to friends in America by travellers abroad, are hawked about the 
big daily and weekly newspaper offices and sold on their merits. The 
descriptive matter to go with them is then produced by some skilful 
writer, with the assistance of the library or the newspaper grave- 
yard.” 


862 


THE TVRANNY OF THE PICTORIAL. 


At least one of the magazines published in New York is almost 
wholly produced, as to its text, by three or four of its office-men, who 
work over pen-names now more or less familiar from repetition on the 
title-page, and who write around^^ the pictures ; that is, they supply 
the reading- matter for somebody’s photographs. Very few of the 
readers of this magazine are clever enough to detect this little trick in 
magazine-making : they fancy that whatever is published in a magazine, 
on calendered paper, with an illuminated cover and with half-tones 
judiciously sprinkled in to make the best showing, is necessarily high- 
class reading-matter. And, while we may deplore this Cheap- John 
literature masquerading in the guise of the best and highest, we cannot 
but admire the business intuition of those publishers who recognize the 
selling value of mere pictures. Of course this subordination of what 
is literary to what is pictorial is particularly hard on the man dependent 
on his pen, now more numerous than ever before; but he is rapidly 
learning to take his medicine uncomplainingly, and he either has a 
camera or is facile enough with pen or pencil to produce a rough 
sketch which some professional sketch-artist can make over into a 
genuine masterpiece and affix his own name to with fitting artistic in- 
distinctness. 

Coincident with this ascendency of the art pictorial is the peculiar 
character of the illustration itself. If the average picture-paper is a 
criterion of the public taste, the race has developed a predominant 
curiosity regarding the female adorned and unadorned. Woman is the 
summum honum and the dne qua non of the art of the modern illus- 
trator. The clever ones do her adequate justice and show her to us in 
satisfactory poses and correct costumes, although we tire of their weekly 
or monthly iteration of the same subject with a new joke or dialogue 
as its only excuse for existence. But the other fellows, the young men 
who lack the touch of individuality, who are incapable of special 
characterization, and who have to bear always in mind the limitations 
of color-printing processes, give us the American female, one and the 
same, month by month and season by season, with a change of costume 
now and then in deference to fashion’s decree. The color is laid on 
thick in those spots and combinations which yield the most striking 
effect when displayed on the news-stand. And there are those who 
imagine that a colored picture is necessarily more artistic because of 
its original paint, and who discourse learnedly of the improvement 
in modern illustration because the cheapening of color-printing has 
brought illuminated covers and special colored editions within the means 
of even the humblest publisher. For advertising purposes, doubtless 
the colored front page does admirable service, but even its advocates 
will not claim that it is in any sense a triumph for art. No, it is merely 
mechanical excellence, and the trick lies in adapting the artist’s colors 
and in imitating them so far as is possible with the colored inks of 
commerce. 

But as long as certain publishers insist on putting forth the painted 
and decorated woman in all manner of impossible costumes with im- 
possible backgrounds, the artists who want to make money can do so 
by catering to this manufactured taste. The exhibition of the portraits 


THE TYRANNY OF THE PICTORIAL. 


863 


of women given recently in New York proved by its astonishing 
financial success that the glorification of feminine beauty is a pro- 
nounced tendency of the day, whether it is the beauty of the gold 
frame and canvas, or the gorgeously brilliant creature who makes 
crushing replies to empty-headed society youths in the columns of the 
comic weekly. 

And not only in the publications which go in for color, but else- 
where and everywhere in the field of periodical publication nowadays, 
woman is the one great subject for illustration, — prima donnas and 
ballet-dancers, actresses and society heiresses, queens and famous ad- 
venturesses, business women and society women who are philanthropic, 
women who can cook and women who love out-door sports, women 
politicians and women who conduct out-of-the-way industries, and so 
on through an interminable chapter. The portrait of the up-to-date^^ 
girl, in one phase or another of her many-sided, multi-fadded life, 
meets the eye on magazine poster, menu-card, calendar, advertising 
pamphlet, and railroad guide. As a sure attention-riveter the adver- 
tisement artist long ago employed her smiling face and well-gowned 
figure, daintily slippered and with a more or less lavish exposure of 
neck and shoulders, so that the advertising pages of the magazine on 
your table show this wonderful nineteenth-century girl appealing to 
you in favor of a new brand of ready-made soup, the only piano that 
always keeps in tune, an absolutely pure baking powder, the latest 
improved bicycle, or a sure cure for superfluous flesh. 

The English illustrated papers and many of the English magazines 
are no less sensible of this public interest in pictures of women, and 
yet it is probably not true that either here or in England is this interest 
the result of the present-day womaif s movement, so called. If it were, 
we should see on the news-stands a diflerent sort of woman, the intel- 
lectual and practical woman, the women who are doctrinaires and re- 
formers and all that, instead of the women who are merely beautiful, 
or chic, or otherwise physically charming. We do not find there any 
of the modern Roman matrons who want to uplift the race by uplifting 
themselves, for in all but a very few instances they would not lend 
themselves efficiently to the highest color effects. Nor could the 
unemancipated woman fill the bill pictorially for a model tooth- wash 
advertisement with anything like the rollicking good-nature of the 
white-skinned, roguish-eyed, joyous creature whose portrait is familiar 
to us all. Our only conclusion, therefore, is that the demand for the 
pictorialized woman who crowds out so much good reading-matter from 
our weekly and monthly publications is born of our worship of female 
loveliness of the purely physical sort. We are daft — or at least many 
of us are daft — over rounded arms, snowy shoulders, lips like wine, 
radiant cheeks, and all the other sensuous allurements of a perfect 
woman ; and as long as we are thus entranced and will buy these things 
in picture-papers, so long will capital and brains go into partnership to 
supply the demand. 

With all this space in our publications pre-empted by the pictorial, 
the gentry who live by selling what they write must take metaphori- 
cally to the woods, for the reading public has suddenly become picture- 


864 


THE TYRANNY OF THE PICTORIAL. 


mad. The highest thought, the deepest truth, the most exquisite bit 
of sustained description, poetry, dialogue, love, tragedy, humor, realism 
of any kind, all are subjected by the weeklies and monthlies to the 
tyranny of the pictorial, until everything a writer writes, and too often, 
alas, that which he doesn’t write, is seized upon and illustrated as if in 
the endeavor to help him make himself understood. 

And does the illustrator really help the writer? Not necessarily. 
Often he takes most outrageous license with the truth as written. He 
is essentially an exaggerator, a perverter of the facts. He sins on the 
side of his picture, never on that of the manuscript. He makes effects ; 
he does not inform. If his picture is not an attractive one, we are apt 
not to read what accompanies it, and in such a case he does the writer 
an absolute injury. If the picture is an attractive one, the reader’s curi- 
osity is often satisfied by the picture alone, and he doesn’t care to read 
what has been written. And it is very frequently true that the pictorial 
attractiveness of a publication is such that the mere contemplation of 
its pictures suffices, and the purchaser tosses it aside without reading a 
line. 

Let it not be supposed that I would do away entirely with the 
illustrator. Far from it. What I object to is over-illustration, the 
picture-on-every-other-page idea. Let us have things proportioned 
to their true value. Let the reading-matter have the most of the space. 
The written word is the first and the highest expression of thought, 
and it ever will be. To illustrate the perfect literary production does 
not necessarily improve it artistically. To assume that it does improve 
it implies that the writer has produced an unfinished work. Are the 
works of the best modern literary artists improved by illustration? 
Can an artist with his brush or pen add anything to the well -developed 
characterizations of our successful novelists ? In other words, is not 
the literary art of a master amply sufficient to portray to the apprecia- 
tive, intelligent reader all in his book that is charming or thrilling or 
pathetic or humorous ? I believe that it is, and also that it is a literary 
crime for the average illustrator to inject an unsympathetic personality 
into the pages of a great work of fiction, of whose creative forces he 
can know no more than the reader. Some of this sort of illustration 
is amazingly clever, but most of it is just the opposite. To distinguish 
the pictorial opportunity in a book-manuscript is a work requiring rare 
discretion, and too many of our illustrators, with the approval of the 
publishers, take their cue for a picture from some such inadequate 
and puerile suggestion as that conveyed in the familiar climax of 
love-stories : And she fell on his breast and wept tears of unutterable 

joy.’’ 

Sidney Fairfield. 


BOOKS OF THE MONTH. 


865 


Boofesi of tfte 

There is a tang of the real thing about Josiah Allen’s Wife 
which few or none of the dialect story-tellers ever succeed 
in acquiring. 

In the two stories contained in this handy and at- 
tractive little volume the author is seen at her very beat. 
JosiaKs Alarm is a sample of her humorous vein, and Ahel Perry’s Funeral is a 
little masterpiece of pathos and good sense. In the first story the fun centres 
around a new furnace which Josiah puts into his “ suller,” said to be of such a 
heat-giving quality that it will make winter-grass sprout in the door-yard out- 
side. The ridiculous reality dawns on Josiah after a hard winter, and the 
model furnace is superseded by a real heater. Abel Perry’s Funeral is more 
deftly done, and shows in the amusing vein usual with the author the “show 
and sham” of certain funerals. 

There is a source of deep interest in this work which has given it a wide 
and worthy fame, and the J. B. Lippincott Company have simply fulfilled a 
public demand in preparing this tasty pocket volume with illustrations full of 
the native flavor from the pen of a rising artist, — Frank P. Sauerwen. 


Josiah’ s Alarm and 
Abel Perry’s Fune- 
ral. By Josiah Al- 
len’s Wife. 


It was the good fortune of the Messrs. Lippincott to secure, 
Captain Dreams about a year ago, a capital book of short stories by Captain 
Stones. King and his brother officers, and some others, entitled An 
Charles King. Initial Experience. This venture proved so successful that 

it has suggested another book of the same order, and we 
now have a volume of seven tales, all of which deal with military life, from as 
breezy a group of story-tellers as it has been our luck to encounter. This vol- 
ume is entitled Captain Dreams and other Stories, after the opening story by 
Captain Charles King, and it has been edited by no less a hand than that of 
the always entertaining captain himself. 

“ Captain Dreams” is a forgetful fellow whose real name is De Remer. His 
adventure is a diverting one which nearly ends in jail, but the mystery is cleared 
up in time to save the wool-gathering captain, and the reader who has followed 
him through his night off* in town will enjoy a hearty laugh at his simplicity; 
Captain King’s habitual wit and animation are well condensed in this capital 
short story. The rest of the tales are as follows : The Ebb- Tide, by Lieutenant 
A. H. Sydenham, White Lilies, by Alice King Hamilton, A Strange Wound, by 
Lieutenant W. H. Hamilton, The Story of Alcatraz, by Lieutenant A. H. Syden- 
ham, The Other Fellow, by R. Monckton-Dene, and Buttons, by Captain J. G. 
Leefe. 


Distaff and Spindle. 
Sonnets by Mary 
Ashley Townsend. 


Some years ago there appeared at intervals two volumes of 
poems which won from public and critic alike a kindly re- 
ception. These were called respectively Xariffa’s Poems, 
and Down the Bayou and other Poems, and it was announced 
that the writer was a lady of New Orleans and named Mary Ashley Townsend. 
This author has long been held in regard by a circle of readers who enjoy poetry 
which is direct and sweet in utterance, true in substance, and native in tone, 
VoL. LV.-~55 


866 


BOOKS OF THE MONTH. 


and now that the J. B. Lippincott Company publishes another book from the 
same pen there is sure to be a demand for it among those to whom Mary Ashley 
Townsend has endeared herself by her unaffected talent. 

Distaff and Spindle is an unusually handsome volume, with a broad, open 
page, clear old-style type, rarely fine paper, and a specially designed title-page 
and cover which give it a distinction quite in keeping with its contents. 

It is difficult to convey the quiet charm of Mrs. Townsend’s poetry by 
description, and we therefore indulge ourselves and are sure to please the reader 
by quoting a representative sonnet from the sixty-nine which compose the book ; 

XIV. 

’Twas but a bamboo hut with thatch of palm, 

Yet well we knew it sheltered its full share 
Of human life, and courage, and despair, 

Through all that night of tropic dew and balm ! 

Whilst sang the eternal stars their infinite psalm 
Above the lowly roof, we saw the flare 
' ' Of one frail candle in the door-way there 

Where watched the watchers humble, reverent, calm. 

None sobbed nor spoke, but waited as to hear 
A coming silence stop beside the bed. 

And touch its pillow with a sign devout ; 

At last, as drew the moonless morning near. 

By wails of women we knew all, and said, 

“ They watch no more, and lo ! the light is out.” 

Those bracing stories of the Wild West which have ap- 
peared for a year past over the name Owen Wister have 
brought a new order of repute to one already well known 
as a graceful and witty poet, a finished composer of music, 
and a writer of tales deliciously facetious. But Mr. Owen 
Wister has never before or since done anything so clever, 
laughable, and delightful as his early story. The Dragon of Wantley. This was 
issued by the Lippincotts a short time ago ; and, a new edition being demanded, 
they now bring forth the diverting skit in a reduced size and in paper covers, 
which changes render the book pocketable and companionable without in the 
least sacrificing the humorous effect of Mr. John Stew^rdson’s charming black 
and white illustrations, — a very essential feature of the tale. 

It would deprive the reader of half the pleasure of reading this uncom- 
monly bright tale were we to anticipate even a part of the plot. Suffice it to 
say that there is the prettiest and freshest of love episodes, and that the Baron of 
Wantley, the Monks of Oyster-le-Main, Elaine, and Geoffrey, and little Whelp- 
dale the Buttons, and old Popham the Butler, — that all these and a score more 
are the most laughable and lovable characters that we have encountered in 
fiction this many a day. 

In Mr. John Stewardson, Mr. Wister has had an artistic collaborator born. 
The humorous pen-and-ink work which illustrates the text and adds to the fun 
of almost every page opens an entirely new vein in art. i 


The Dragon of 
Wantley. His Tale. 
By Owen Wister. 
Illustrated by John 
Stewardson. 


CURRENT NOTES. 


867 


Better and 

Cheaper. 

' I ''HE ROYAL BAKING POWDER is more econom- 
^ ical than other brands because of its greater 
leavening strength, as shown by both the U. S. and 
Canadian Government Reports. 

The other baking powders contain from 20 to 80 
per cent, less leavening gas than the ROYAL. So 
the ROYAL, even should it cost more than the others, 
would be much the cheaper. 

In addition to this, the superior flavor, sweetness, 
wholesomeness, and delicacy of the food raised by 
ROYAL BAKING POWDER would make any differ- 
ence in cost insignificant. 


Highest of all In leavening strength. — 

Latest U, S. Government Food Report, 


ROYAL BAKING POWDER CO , 106 WALL ST., NEW-YORK. 


868 


CURRENT NOTES. 


A Lost Novel. — A good many years ago an historical novel by Mr. Hoff- 
man was announced as soon to appear under the title of “The Red Spur of 
Eamapo.” But the book never was published, and the cause of its non- 
appearance may well be set down among the calamities which befall authors. 

Mr. Hoffman had been employed more than six months upon his romance. 
He had taken unusual care in its composition, and an eminent book-publisher 
had contracted with him for the copyright. The novel was nearly completed, 
the public was talking about it, and romance-readers were anticipating a treat. 
The author, as he wrote it, placed the manuscript sheets in a large portfolio by 
the side of his writing-table, so that none of them should be lost. One day 
on looking into his literary sub-treasury he discovered, to his astonishment and 
dismay, that only a few sheets of “ The Red Spur of Ramapo” were to be found. 

Not many men could have acted so calmly as did the author of “ Greyslaer’’ 
on this occasion and as the great Newton is reported to have done on a similar 
one. 

He called the chambermaid who had been intrusted with the care of his 
room, and said, — 

“ Mary, have you ever taken any papers from this place?” 

“ Sure it’s mesilf that has, sorr,” she replied, with perfect frankness. 

“ For what purpose did you take them?” inquired the author, with a sink- 
ing heart. 

“ Sure, sorr, to kindle the foire,” replied the guileless Mary, “ an’ many’s 
the toime Oi’ve thought how good ye was to put ’em there for me.” 

“ And how long have you been in the habit of taking papers from this 
place?” groaned the poor author. 

' “Oi couldn’t sayjist how long, sorr,” returned Mary, seeing at last that 
something was amiss, “ but Oi niver misthrusted there was any good to ’em, for 
they was all scribbled over, sorr.” 

And, with sobs and wild protestations of sorrow, the destroyer of “ The Red 
Spur of Ramapo” fled from the room, leaving the afilicted author to console 
himself for his loss as best he might. — Youth's Companion. 

A Mind- Wrecking Task.— “It is impossible!” she exclaimed. “I am 
foiled.” And she threw the pen despairingly from her. 

“ What is the matter?” asked her mother. 

“ 1 was writing to Herbert, and tried to spell his college yell.”— Washington 
Star. 

The Cleanly Dutch.— Not only the pavements of the main thorough- 
fares, but all the side streets, are thoroughly well washed and cleansed daily. 
When you walk out in the early morning, you might eat your breakfast any- 
where with perfect comfort on the side-walks. We had to look for more than a 
quarter of an hour to find a bit of paper in the streets, and the windows in the 
back streets, even of houses to let, are rubbed bright and polished to a point 
which must be the despair of the passing English housewife. 

Why are Dutch housemaids so incomparably more diligent and clean 
than English? Can it be their Puritan bringing-up? I remember a story 
current at home of an excellent housewife who maintained her conviction that 
her maid-of-all-work had “ found salvation.” Being asked the ground of her 

belief, she replied that the girl had taken to sweeping under all the rugs. 

London Spectator. 


CURRENT NOTES. 


869 







870 


CURRENT NOTES. 


It Reminded Him. —The Kansas City Mail tells a story of a Congressman 
who, having submitted himself to the manipulation of a venerable colored 
barber in Washington, was told, “ Do you know, sah, you remind me so much 
of Dan’l Webster?” 

“ Indeed !” he said. “ Shape of my head, I suppose?” 

This staggered the aged colored man somewhat. He had not expected a 
question in reply, and had merely laid the foundation for his complimentary 
bluff, never thinking that there would be a call for an explanatory superstruc- 
ture. “ No, sah,V he stammered, in reply ; “ not yo’ head, sah ; it’s yo’ breff.” 

The Crow was Loaded. — Dick was driving a tunnel on a ledge back of 
his cabin, and was in the habit of leaving a stick of giant powder on a rock in 
a sunny place at the mouth of the tunnel to thaw out. On several occasions 
when he went to get his powder it had mysteriously disappeared, and Dick 
concluded to watch proceedings and wait for the thief. 

He laid the stick of powder in its usual place, and had waited but a short 
time when he saw a raven sail out of a tree and swoop down upon the explosive. 
The bird tore at the tough paper cover until it could get at the powder, then 
began greedily to devour it. Giant powder is made up of nitroglycerin, saw- 
dust, and grease, and a whole stick of it makes a very hearty breakfast for a 
raven. The stick had nearly disappeared when Dick thought it time to avenge 
his loss, and was in the act of raising his rifle, when the raven gave a defiant 
caw and arose in the air with the remainder of the stick of powder grasped in 
its claws. When up some distance, the powder slipped from the bird’s grasp 
and came tumbling to the ground. Dick saw the powder drop, and dodged 
behind a boulder, fearing it would explode when it struck the rocks. However, 
it did not. The raven perched in a tree, and Dick drew a bead and let drive. 
Immediately following the report of the gun Dick was not a little startled at 
receiving quite a shock and hearing a second and louder report, while the air 
was filled with small bits of raven meat and feathers. 

After the smoke of battle had cleared away, all that Dick could find of 
that raven were the bill and claws and a bunch of black feathers. The shock 
of the bullet passing through the bird’s body had exploded the powder it had 
devoured . — Juneau [Alasha) News. 

Muskrats as Household Pets.— Mrs. Sarah Howard, of Houlton, has 
two queer pets, — a couple of muskrats that come up the drain into her cellar 
and thence even into the kitchen. They have now got so tame that they eat 
out of the cat’s saucer and show no fear of that individual, who on her part 
does not deign to notice them, though her kittens sometimes cuff the rats. One 
day they got straw and pieces of the broom and made a nest under the cupboard. 
They will come close to one’s chair and smell one’s hand when reached down to 
them. When eating milk, they sit beside the saucer, thrust both paws into the 
milk, and then lap it from their paws, sometimes taking a half-hour to consume 
a small saucer of milk . — Lewiston Journal. 



Vain Pursuit.— “ Cholley pursued a number of studies at college, didn’t 
he?” 

“ Yes. He pursued ’em, but I don’t think he ever caught up with any.” — 
Chicago Record. 


CURRENT NOTES. 


871 



There are many makes of perfume, and 
all of them have a more or less pleasant 
odor, but, if you wish those that are 
true to the fragrance of the flowers, 
and suited to a cultivated, refined taste. 

Buy 

Lundborg’s 

& COFFIN, Anywhere and everywhere. 


Among the favorites are : 


Edenia, 


Goya Lily, Nada Rose, Alpine Violet. 


872 


CURRENT NOTES. 


Bank of England Safeguards. — “The safeguards adopted by the Bank 
of England to prevent that institution being robbed are about as thorough and 
complete as human ingenuity and mechanism can devise/’ says Mervin O. 
Todd, of Manchester, England. “ Its outer doors are so finely balanced that a 
clerk by pressing a knob under his desk can close them instantly, and they 
cannot be opened again except by special process. The bullion department is 
nightly submerged in several feet of water by the action of machinery, and in 
some of the banks the bullion department is connected with the manager’s 
sleeping-apartments, so that an entrance cannot be effected without setting off 
an alarm near this person’s head. If a dishonest official during the day or 
night should take even one from a pile of a thousand sovereigns, the whole pile 
would instantly sink, and a pool of water take its place, besides letting every 
one in the office know of the theft.” 

A Surprise in Seidlitz. — On the first consignment of seidlitz powders in 
the capital of Delhi the monarch became deeply interested in the accounts of 
the refreshing draught. A box was brought to the king in full court, and the 
interpreter explained to his majesty how it should be used. 

Into a goblet he put the twelve blue papers, and having added water the 
king drank it off*. This was the alkali, and the royal countenance expressed no 
signs of satisfaction. It was then explained that in the combination of the two 
powders lay the luxury, and the twelve white powders were quickly dissolved 
and eagerly swallowed by his majesty. 

With a wild shriek that will be remembered while Delhi is numbered 
among the kingdoms, the monarch rose, staggered, exploded, and in his full 
agonies screamed, “ Hold me down !” then, rushing from the throne, fell pros- 
trate on the floor. There he lay during the long-continued effervescence of the 
compound, spirting like ten thousand pennyworth of imperial pop and believing 
himself in the agonies of death . — London Tit-Bits. 

Labor-Troubles Forty Years Ago.— The 3d of October, 1857, was 
known in business circles as “ blue day.” It was perhaps not so disastrous as 
“black Friday,” but it was bad enough. One of the many incidents of that 
memorable occasion may be thus related. The firm of Chickering & Sons 
employed in their establishment over three hundred persons, and their weekly 
pay-roll was very large. Owing to non-remittances from all parts of the country 
of money due, this firm did not pay their men, having business paper maturing 
which required all their available funds. 

Their workmen, understanding the situation, and deeply sympathizing with 
their employers, with creditable promptness, and without a dissenting voice, 
passed resolutions expressing to Messrs. Chickering their regrets at such a 
financial crisis, and stating their willingness and ability to wait for their pay 
until a more favorable time, and also intimating in the kindliest manner that 
if a loan of six or eight thousand dollars would be useful at that moment, 
they would be happy to tender that sum as a willing contribution from their 
savings. Could you find a parallel case to this to-day? I fear not. The 
breach between the laborer and his employer has widened, and— well, it is 
enough to make one sigh for a return of the good old times of cordial relations 
and sympathetic regard between employer and employee ; but that was before 
the days when corporations covered nearly all the industries. 


CURRENT NOTES. 


873 



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874 


CURRENT NOTES. 


A Private Mine. — A Mexican grandee, whose name is Don Alcazar de 
Chilicoloro, owns a famous mine of inexhaustible riches in the state of Chi- 
huahua. It contains a high-grade silver ore, and is so rich that whenever the 
don and his sefiora run short of money they simply direct the head peon to 
gather together his delegation of twelve or thirteen serfs and their equally 
patient and uncomplaining fellow-serfs the burros. Then the don mounts the 
head burro, and the procession takes the trail for the family mine, as it is called. 
The mine has been in the possession of the don and his ancestors for the past 
three centuries. It is nothing but a rude tunnel in the mountain-side. The 
entrance to the tunnel is securely barricaded with heavy timber doors, which are 
securely locked with three old Spanish locks, the keys to which are always in 
the possession of the don. When the mine is reached, the don unlocks the 
doors. He then directs his body-servant to swing his hammock beneath the 
branches of a massive tree standing at the entrance to the mine, which was a 
well-grown sapling when. the first don of the family discovered the mine, three 
hundred years ago. 

The peons are then set to work getting out the rich silver ore, which they 
put into baskets slung upon the backs of the burros. It is but the work of 
five or six hours to get out ore that will be worth several thousands of dollars. 
The ore is free-milling ore, and it is no trouble to work it. While the ore is 
being taken out of the mine and put into the baskets, the don is lying in his 
hammock leisurely smoking cigarettes. When the baskets are full, the don 
manages to pull himself together long enough to lock up the mine and seal the 
entrances, and the cavalcade then starts back and goes straight to Chihuahua, 
twelve miles away. As soon as they arrive there the don sells the contents of 
the baskets, for which he receives from twelve thousand to eighteen thousand 
dollars in cash in Mexican money. He gives his peons a liberal tip besides their 
meagre wages, which they divide, like the conscientious peons they are, between 
the church and the pulque-merchant, reserving a modicum to keep themselves 
and their families partly clothed and fed until the don holds the next of his 
grand rallies, which occur four or five times a year. The don owns a magnifi- 
cent hacienda, and has a lovely wife and two beautiful daughters, who have all 
the pride of the true Castilians. The hacienda contains over six thousand acres, 
and is on one of the principal highways leading out of Chihuahua, upon which, 
like most of the land-owners of the country, he pays little or no taxes . — Kansas 
City Journal. 


The German Court Kitchen. — On state occasions the menu is prepared 
a week in advance and submitted to the emperor, the details being ordinarily 
arranged by the empress. The cooking is done upon iron stoves, the roasting- 
room containing huge stoves of special construction let into the walls and a 
huge turnspit worked by machinery. The department of the pastry chef is 
considered of great importance. The pastry and sweets have all sorts of elab- 
orate designs round the edges of the dishes, made of dough gilded or silvered 
over and not intended to be eaten. All kinds of ornamentations in the shape 
of figures, hunting scenes, and castles are to be seen on the dishes, most of them 
being modelled of dough or fat and colored and gilded. The emperor pays so 
much a cover for every dinner, so that strict carefulness has to be observed. 
For ordinary meals the rate is about six shillings a cover, without ^me.-—Zur 
Outen Stunde. 


CURRENT NOTES. 


875 


Teachers of Cookery 

Use and Recommend 


Cleveland’s Baking Powder. 

Teachers of cookery are versed not only in the science of food and 
theory of cooking, but in the practical work; — their cooking must be 
perfect. They can’t afford to make any failures, and in their work they 
must use the best. 

No other article of food has ever received so many commendations from 
eminent teachers of cookery and writers on domestic science as Cleve« 
land’s Baking Powder. Read what some of them say in regard to it: 


(Maj/ 5 , 1894.) — Finding Cleveland’s Baking 
Powder the best in quality, the most economical 
in use, and always sure to give uniform results, I 
did what every intelligent housekeeper who keeps 
pace with the progress in domestic science would 
do, adopted Cleveland’s Baking Powder.” 



4, 1893.) — prefer Cleveland’s Baking 
Powder to others because it is pure and whole- 
some, it takes less for the same baking, it never 
fails, and bread and cake keep their freshness and 
flavor. ” 


Superintendent New York Cooking School. 


Author Common Sense hi the Household.'^ 


{March, 1892.) — “I have used Cleveland’s 
Baking Powder exclusively for several years, be- 
cause I have found it what it claims to be, pure 
and wholesome. The results have been uniformly 
satisfactory.” 



Author of the Boston Cook Book.” 


{March, 1894.) — “I use Cleveland’s Baking 
Powder in my kitchen and class work. ” 

Principal Chautauqua Cooking School. 


{August 27, 1890.) — ‘‘I am convinced Cleve- 
land’s is the purest baking powder made, and I 
have adopted it exclusively in my cooking schools 
and for daily household use.” 






Principal Philadelphia Cooking School. 


{Dec. I, 1893.) — The results obtained by the 
use of Cleveland’s Baking Powder have always 
been satisfactory.” 








Principal Boston Cooking School, 


{March, 1892.) — I prefer to use Cleveland’s 
Baking Powder because I consider it perfectly 
wholesome and it has always given uniform re- 
sults.” 

Late Principal Boston Cooking School, 




876 


CURRENT NOTES. 


In each of the years 1835, 1842, and 1843 was organized one of three of the life 
insurance companies now in existence in the United States. In 1845 two more 
of the companies still doing business were started upon successful careers. They 
are all “ old-line” companies, and, with others of like character whose organiza- 
tion followed at intervals of two or more years, practically monopolized the 
business up to about twenty years ago. There then began the organization of 
the great Fraternal Orders and the Assessment Associations, of which the pro- 
gressive class of the latter have evoluted to what are termed natural premium 
companies or associations. 

The growth and prosperity of the “ old-line” companies have, not without 
reason, been looked upon and referred to as one of the marvellous instances of 
what American pluck and enterprise can accomplish. What, then, will ade- 
quately qualify the history and accomplishment of the Assessment and the 
Natural Premium Associations? Look at the following comparison. 

As a result of say sixty years’ work, ending December 31, 1894, the “old-^ 
line” companies report insurance in force amounting to $4,763,610,389; the 
combined figures of Natural Premium Associations and of such assessment 
organizations as make annual reports show as a result of only twenty years’ 
labor $3,392,673,519. When it is also taken into consideration that a large 
proportion of the above total for “ old-line” companies includes “ endowment” 
or other forms of investment business which is not strictly life insurance, the 
significance of these facts would seem to be that the up-to-date methods of the 
‘‘ new-line” advocates meet the need and approval of rapidly increasing numbers 
who seek to secure to their families financial welfare through life insurance. 

One of the stanch and conservative companies doing business on the 
natural premium plan — and it is the oldest of prominence, having been organ- 
ized in 1874 — is the Northwestern Masonic Aid Association, of Chicago. Its 
Low-Rate, Absolute-Security Plan” is the result of experience and study on 
scientific lines ; it has over forty-eight thousand policies in force, representing 
over $141,000,000 of insurance, and has demonstrated its reliability by the pay- 
ment of death-claims of more than $15,000,000. Non-Masons are eligible, 
and a large number of “ outsiders” have taken advantage of the opportunity 
to secure the protection of its liberal and attractive policies. The association 
issues a neat little booklet descriptive and explanatory, which can be had for 
the asking. 


Hottest Place on Earth. — I don’t believe there is any difference of 
opinion among naval men that Panama can claim the most emphatic amount 
of execration for hot weather without any exception whatever. The ther- 
mometer goes higher in other places than down on the Isthmus, but I doubt if 
the conditions are more intolerable anywhere. In the rainy season the water 
will come down in a perfect flood, and then the clouds will clear away and the 
sun beat down mercilessly. There is no evaporation whatever, and the per- 
spiration just stands out on a man, and he has to go armed with a towel with 
which to continually swab himself. In fact, the sensible man never stirs without 
equipping himself with a Turkish bath towel, and he needs it all the time. 
When you go to bed at night down there, you finally fall asleep from exhaustion 
pure and simple, and when you awake you will find your form silhouetted on 
the sheet with a big wet spot of perspiration. It is simply frightful. — Washing- 
ton Star. 


CURRENT NOTES. 


877 



Now a real Tonic is something 
to build you up, give you strength 
— not fictitious strength — but real 
strength. The world has lived on 
grains since the world began, and 
“bread is the staff of life.’* Bread is 
a support, but you can’t lean on 
drugs and an empty stomach. A 
concentrated extract, the very es- 
sence of that most invigorating 
grain, barley, with the soothing, 
gentle somnolent, and wholly bene- 
ficent extract of hops, forms a true 
Tonic, — one that is a food. Food 
alone gives real strength. Ours is 
this kind. Barley for the body; 
hops for the nerves — the mind. 
There is a substance to it ; it is 
vivifying, life-producing, gives vim 
and bounce — it braces. It is not 
merely a temporary exciting agent, 
either — it cures. Pabst Malt Ex- 
tract is a builder, — feeds blood, 
brain and bone. It will quiet the 
nerves, give sleep, drive out dys- 
pepsia, and for a nursing mother it 
is salvation for herself and baby. 
Add The “Best” Tonic to your 
regular food daily — a pint bottle is 
quite enough — and you will be as- 
tounded at the results in two weeks. 


A.MEK1CA 


rfl 58 T MULT EXTRACT 

THE "BEST” TONIC 


5 LITTLE BOOKS 
SENT FREE 

mention this publication 


address 

Pabst=Milwaukee 




Observe the comparison between ancient and modern 
brewing shown on columns 







878 


CURRENT NOTES. 


No Hurried Orders. — A competent manager is not satisfied with settling 
what is to be done to-day alone : she makes everything clear as far as luncheon 
to-morrow. Thus assisted, the cook is never kept in suspense till the day is far 
spent, as is too often the case for even luncheon orders, with “ nothing in the 
house.” While talking to my “ Mr. Judkins” the other day on the subject of 
cooking meat, a breathless woman hurried into the shop and ordered a piece of 
beef for boiling to be sent up at once for lunch. 

The joint was despatched almost immediately, and as the messenger hurried 
off* with it the good butcher observed, “ There you are, sir,” raising his eyes to 
the clock ; “ eleven gone : well, it’ll be arf-past nearly before that meat’s put on 
the fire. It’ll be boiled ever so much too farst, and come to table as ’ard as a 
brick. To-morrow probably the lady herself will call and complain of my 
supplying her with such tough, inferior meat. Believe me, sir, that it isn’t so 
much the fault of the cooks as these hurried orders. The quantities of good 
meat that’s spoilt in this way you’d scarcely believe, and us butchers are blamed 
for it.” 

This is only too true. Much of the dissatisfaction that is now expressed in 
regard to the indifferent treatment of food should be attributed to incompetent 
management rather than to incompetent cooks. — Nineteenth Century. 

Tough Luck. — Cashier. — “ I hear that you lost a whole lot of money in 
one of those mushroom boom towns out West.” 

Rasher. — “It wasn’t even a mushroom town. It was just plain toadstool.” 
— Indianapolis Journal. 

The Properties of Cocaine. — Travellers in Peru and countries where 
coca grows chew the leaves of this plant for the purpose of allaying the sense 
of hunger and the feeling of exhaustion that accompanies it. At first the leaves 
were thought to possess food elements, but now it is known that the cocaine 
they contain merely allays the irritability of the nerves that produce the sense 
of hunger. 

Cocaine is an alkaloid made from the coca leaf, which has the effect of 
completely destroying the sensibility of nerves. The discovery of this active 
principle of the coca leaf explained fully and satisfactorily the effect produced 
by chewing the leaves. An infusion of the leaf might be used with good re- 
sults in allaying the gnawing appetite that follows some forms bf fever, or in 
cases where the sense of hunger is due to a diseased condition of the stomach. 

Cocaine should never be used except on the prescription of a trustworthy 
physician, because it is dangerous. The cocaine habit is more readily formed 
than either the morphine or the liquor habit, and is far more rapid in its work 
of destruction. — Pittsburg Commercial Gazette. 

The Deacon’s Doubt. — Some one came past Deacon Podberry’s the other 
night about ten o’clock, and was surprised to find that good man carefully ex- 
amining his wood-pile. 

“ What are you looking for ?” asked the passer-by. 

“Just examining this load of wood to see if it was all right,” answered the 
good man. “ I bought it from Brother Brown yesterday, and to-night in prayer- 
meeting he called himself so many kinds of a miserable sinner that I thought 
maybe it was the quality of this load of wood that was weighing on his mind.” 
— Indianapolis Journal. 


CURRENT NOTES. 


879 


Beauty [^ules the World. 



JULIE RECAMIER. 

The original of this picture retained her ex- 
quisite complexion through the use of Re- 
camier Cream, until her death at eighty. 


A sample bottle of 
Recamier Cream will 
be sent prepaid to any 
part of the United 
States on receipt of 
2 5 cents. Address 


Harriet Hubbard Ayer, 


131 West Thirty=First Street, 


NEW YORK CITY. 


the heaven to which you are going that 
you forget what is to become of your wife 
and children after you are dead.— Talma^e. 


T he reverend gentleman has a blunt way of putting a wholesome truth. 
Happily, there are few to whom his criticism justly applies. Men are 
greatly concerned for the future material welfare of their families. The 
struggle of to-day is intensified and embittered by this anxiety. Taking heed 
of to-morrow is a necessity imposed by the existing civilization. 

It is becoming more and more difficult for the individual to accumulate 
wealth for the protection of his family. Eong years of toil and privation, 
united with wise investment of all surplus earnings, may mean much to the 
thrifty and long-lived. For the vast majority the yearly savings can be but 
meagre ; for all there is no certainty of the duration of life. The best safe- 
guard is life insurance. In the event of death it means so much for so little. 
Taking the average age, less than $ioo per year will unfailingly guarantee to 
the family $5000 at the death of the bread-winner ! Omitting interest, which 
does not exist for those who can save but $100 per year, here is the result of 
fifty years’ savings made sure to the family from the start ! 

Consult 

Penn Mutual Life 

Insurance Company, 

921-3-5 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 


880 


CURRENT NOTES. 


Dogs in War. — A very interesting history might be written of the part 
played by living creatures, other than human beings, in war. As far as we are 
aware, no convention or conference has pronounced either for or against this 
means of injuring an enemy. Where dogs are used as sentinels, or pigeons in 
carrying despatches, the injury done by the dumb creatures is not direct. The 
service rendered to their own side may be no less great than that of the geese 
which saved the Capitol or of the dog which foiled Aurungzeb in his siege of 
Golconda and was rewarded with a golden collar; but in neither of these cases 
is the attack confided to bird or animal. 

But dogs have been used, and by ourselves, to attack an enemy. The Celts 
used them, the Gauls used them, Columbus used them. Queen Elizabeth is said 
to have given Essex six hundred fighting dogs for purposes of war, and late in 
the eighteenth century one hundred bloodhounds were landed in Jamaica by 
our government to attack the Maroons. Fortunately, it was destined that the 
disgrace of using them should be spared us, for the enemy, hearing of the dogs, 
surrendered without a blow. 

Effectively as dogs may be trained to destroy human beings, it has been 
well said in this connection that, in the words of Pascal, “ Le coeur a ses raisons 
que la raison ne connoist pas .” — Saturday Review. 

Religions in British Burmah. — The detailed results of the census of 
Burmah were expected with unusual interest, because of the addition of Upper 
Burmah to the empire during the decade. Mr. Eales has reported a total popu- 
lation of 8,098,014, of whom some 3,000,000 are in the conquered territory and 
one-third of a million are in the Shan states. In Lower Burmah this is the 
third census, and it was so popular with the Burmans and Karens that they 
complained if they thought themselves overlooked by the enumerator, and in 
many cases they carved the census numbers in wood and hung them up on the 
houses. The population of Lower Burmah, doubled since Lord Dalhousie’s 
time, increased one-fourth in the last decade, and yet it contains only forty-five 
per square mile of fertile soil. The whole province is now of the size of Great 
Britain and two Irelands. 

A curious and altogether new fact comes out for the first time : the Buddhism 
of the Burmans is all on the surface, the mass of the 7,000,000 of our subjects 
who profess that belief being still Shamanists, or devil-worshippers,— Animists. 
Like Brahmanism, nominal Buddhism absorbs the aboriginal cults with an easy 
tolerance, but is itself adulterated thereby. Like Hume’s philosophical scep- 
ticism, Buddhist latitudinarianism “ is almost wide enough to include an honest 
disavowal of itself .” — Edinburgh Scotsman. 

Prudent Restraint. — Feminine Auditor (at the amateur theatricals). — 
“ I beg pardon, but, do you know, it seems to me the gentleman who has the 
leading part does his love-making in a very tame and spiritless manner.” 

Wife of Leading Actor (intently watching the performance). — “ He won’t 
put any more spirit in it while I’ve got my eye on him, madam, let me tell 
you .” — Chicago Tribune. 

A Leading Question.— Miss Pinkerly.— “ Isn’t it a pity that all the good- 
looking people can’t be bright, and all the bright people gooilooking?” 

Young Tutter.— ‘‘ Yes, indeed, it is. Miss Pinkerly. But tell me, if you had 
your choice, which would you be ?” — Life. 




CURRENT NOTES. 


881 


Buffalo Lithia Water 

Spring No. 2. — For Bright’s Disease of the Kidneys, the Gouty Diathesis, &c. 

Dr. Alfred L. Loomis, Professor of Pathology and Practical Medicine in the Medical 
Department of the University of New York : 

“For the | WA TL " U the treatment of Chronic Brlsht’s 

1 lTlx\ TEr\X E»t\ Disease of the Kidneys occurring in 


four years I have used 

Gouty and Rheumatic subjects, with marked beue^t.” 

Dr. William A. Hammond, of Washington, D. C., Surgeon-General U. S. Army 
{retired). Professor of Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System in the University of 
New York, etc., referring to Spring No. 2: 

“I have for some 

time made use of the „ , — - 

ease of the Kidneys or with a Gouty Diathesis. The results have been eminently satisfactory. Lithia 
has for many years been a favorite with me in like cases, but the Buffalo Water certainly acts 
better than any extemporaneous solution of the Lithia Salts, and is, moreover, better borne 
by the stomach.” 

Dr. Cyrus Edson, Health Officer of New York City. 

“I have fre 

quently made useof 

correcting Rheumatic Diathesis. In a case of uric acid gravel, in which I recently prescribed it, 
its beneficial effects were apparent after the third dose. I have also prescribed it with great benefit 
In Bright’s Disease of the Kidneys.” 

Dr. G. W. Semple, Hampton, Va., President Medical Society of Va. 

“I have a large and fa- DncPAT/^ I lYUfA lAIA*f*E*0 No. 3. I have prescribed 

vorable experience with the DUF l/^ULr 1 m1 1 iTlA Tlr\l bK it with highly beneficial results 
in many cases of Chronic Rheumatism, and have known it to give marked relief in Rheumatic 
Gout, causing the absorption of deposits of Urate of Soda. It has proved particularly valuable as a 
prophylactic in all of many cases in which I have prescribed it of Nephritic Colic, and I have myself 
derived great benefit from its use in the relief most promptly of several attacks of Gravel.” 

This Water is for sale by druggists generally, or in cases of one dozen half-gallon 
bottles $5.00 f.o.b. at the Springs. Descriptive pamphlets sent to any address. 

THOMAS P. GOODE, Proprietor, BUFFALO LITHIA SPRINGS, VA. 

Springs open for guests from June 15th to October 1st. 


RTHTITAT O I I^UTA cases of affections of the Nervous 

WVA FLUTL lEnF bl\ System, complicated with Bright’s Dis- 


RimTAir^ I I^UfA IA/ATXTD spring No. a, in my practice, with excel- 

DwJl JLl XlUflL ll/Vl E*t\ lent results. It is a potent remedy in 



I 

V 

■ 5 ' 

I 


TEN REASONS FOR USING 


DOBBINS ELECTRIC SOAP. 


THE REASON WHY it is best from a sanitary point of view, is because of its absolute 


a 


“ it is unscented, is because nothing is used in its manufacture that 
must be hidden or disguised. 


<6 




jS 








“ it is cheapest to use, is because it is harder and dryer than ordinary 
soap, and does not waste away ; also because it is not filled with 
rosin and clay as make-weights. 

“ no boiling of clothes is needed, is because there is no adulteration 
in it — being absolutely pure, it can do its own work. 

“ it leaves clothes washed with it whiter and sweeter than any other 
soap, is because it contains no adulteration to yellow them. 

“ it washes flannels without shrinking, bringing them out soft, white, 
and fleecy, is because it is free from rosin, which hardens, yellows, 
and mats together all woollen fibres, making them harsh and coarse. 

“ three bars of it will make a gallon of elegant white soft-soap if 
simply shaved up and thoroughly dissolved by boiling in a gallon 
of water, is that it contains pure and costly ingredients found in no 
other soap. 

“ it won’t injure the finest lace or the most delicate fabric, is that all 
these ingredients are harmless. 

“ we paid ^^50,000 for the formula twenty- five years ago, is that we 
knew there was no other soap like it. 

“ so many millions of women use it, is that they have found it to be the 
best and most economical, and absolutely unchanging in quality. 


ISK VODB 


IT, 


DOBBINS SOAP MFC. CO. 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


VoL. LV.— 56 


882 


CURRENT NOTES. 


It Worked. — Fond Parent (on suburban train). — “ Does mother’s little 
Tessie want a nice banana ?” 

Tessie. — “ Bet I do !” 

Fond Parent. — “ Then cry, pet, real hard. There’s a dear little girl on the 
other side of the aisle with a paper sack full of them, and she’ll give you one 
to quiet you.” — Chicago Tribune. 

Louisiana’s 1,500, 000- Acre Farm. — The largest farm in this country, and 
probably in the world, is situated in the southwestern part of Louisiana. It 
extends one hundred miles north and south and twenty-five miles east and west. 
It was purchased in 1883 by a syndicate of Northern capitalists, by whom it is 
still operated. At the time of its purchase its one million five hundred thou- 
sand acres was a vast pasture for the cattle belonging to a few dealers in that 
country. Now it is divided into pasture stations or ranches existing every six 
miles. The fencing is said to have cost about fifty thousand dollars. The land 
is best adapted for rice, sugar, corn, and cotton. A tract say half a mile wide 
is taken, and an engine is placed on each side. The engines are portable, and 
operate a cable attached to four ploughs. By this arrangement thirty acres are 
gone over in a day with the labor of only three men. There is not a single 
draught-horse on the entire place, if we except those used by the herders of 
cattle, of which there are sixteen thousand head on the place. The Southern 
Pacific Kailway runs for thirty-six miles through the farm. The company have 
three steamboats operating on the estate, of which three hundred miles are 
navigable. It has also an ice-house, bank, shipyard, and rice-mill. — Pittsburg 
Dispatch. 

Only One Could Do It. — “ Last Sunday,” said the clergyman to his 
congregation, “ some one put a button in the collection-bag. I won’t mention 
names. I will merely say that only one individual in the congregation could 
have done so, and I will expect the same member after the service to replace the 
button with a coin of the realm.” 

After church a well-to-do but close-fisted individual sought an interview 
with the clergyman in the vestry. 

I — er,” he began, hesitatingly, “ must apologize for the — er — button in- 
cident, which I can assure you was an accident. I happened to have the button 
in my waistcoat- pocket, together with a shilling, and took out the former by 
mistake. However, sir, here is the shilling.” 

“ Thank you,” said the clergyman, taking the shilling and gravely handing 
him the button. 

“ By the bye, sir,” said the man, “ I cannot understand how you should 
have known that it was I who — er — committed the — er — much to be regretted 
mistake.” 

“ I didn’t know,” replied the clergyman. 

“ Didn’t know I But you said, sir, that only one individual in the congre- 
gation could have done so.” 

“Just so. You see, sir, it is scarcely possible that two individuals could 
have put one button in the bag, is it, now?” said the clergyman, with a bland 
smile. 

It was so much easier for the button contributor to say “ good-day” than to 
answer this puzzling question that he made his bow at once. — Christian Advocate. 


CURRENT NOTES. 


883 


ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 

YOU NEED FUND S j 

When Traveling in Europe ^ 

Other Foreign Countries. 



o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 


-CARRY 


Travelers Gheq 

OF THE 


AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY 

NO IDENTIFICATION REQUtRED. 

More Convenient than Letters of Credit or Circular Notes, and Half the Cost. 

Available at Over 20,000 Places in Europe, Asia. Africa, Australia, Mexico, 

South America, Cuba, India, China, Japan, United States, Canada, and elsewhere, 
including Principal Hotels. 

Cheques Issued for $10, $20, $50, $100 and $200 each. 

Exact Amount in Foreign Money printed on Cheque will be paid without com- 
mission or discount by an extended list of Bankers. 

Rates and Further Particulars can be obtained from any Agent of the Ameri- 
can Express Company, also at the Principal Offices— 

6S Broadway, NEW YORK— 78 Monroe St., CHICAGO— 45 Franklin St., BOSTON. 



ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 


PROVIDENT LIFE AND TRUST CO. 


of Philadelphia. 

Safe Investments. Low Rate of Mortality. Low Expense Rate. 
Unsurpassed in everything which makes Life Insurance reliable and 
moderate in cost. 

Has never in its entire history contested a death loss. 



For Children While Cutting Their Teeth. 

k Oil iM Well-Tiiel M, 

ROR OVER RIRTV YEARS. 


MRS. WINSLOW’S SOOTHING SYRUP 


has been used, for over FIFTY YEARS by MILLIONS of MOTHERS for their CHILDREN WHILE TEETH- 
ING, with PERFECT SUCCESS. IT SOOTHES THE CHILD, SOFTENS the GUMS, ALLAYS all PAIN, 
CURES WIND COLIC, and is the best remedy for DIARRHfEA. Sold by Druggists in every part of the 
world. Be sure and ask for Mrs. Winslow’s Sootfiing- Syrnp, and take no other kind. 

TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTI.E. 


884 


CURRENT NOTES. 


Able Swordsmen. — Elephants are completely disabled by one blow from 
the Arab’s two-handed sword, which almost severs the hind leg, biting deep 
into the bone. This feat is varied by slashing off the trunk, leaving it dang- 
ling only by a piece of skin. A Ghoorka was seen by the late Laurence Oli- 
phant to behead a buffalo with a single blow of his kookerie. And Sir Samuel 
Baker, a man powerful enough to wield during his African exploration the 
“ Baby,” an elephant-rifle weighing twenty-two pounds, once clove a wild boar 
with his big hunting-knife almost in halves as it was making a final rush, 
catching it just behind the shoulder, where the hide and bristles are at least a 
span thick. Sir Walter Scott relates how the Earl of Angus, with his huge 
sweeping brand, challenged an opponent to fight, and at a blow chopped 
asunder his thigh-bone, killing him on the spot. There is a story current in 
Australia that a Lieutenant Anderson, in 1852, during an encounter with bush- 
rangers, cut clean the gun-barrel of his adversary with his sword. And at 
Kassassin it is related that one of Arabi Pasha’s soldiers was severed in two 
during the midnight charge. But, in the opinion of experts, this is very im- 
probable, even had the new regulation sabre then been in use . — London Globe. 

Heads that Titles turn. — In London society float about many funny 
stories of people whose heads are turned by the acquisition of a small title 
bestowed by royalty in the progress of some official function. One is told of 
the wife of a city magnate who bought a country place and was finally knighted. 
The lady was of very humble origin, and her elevation was too much for her. 
The clergyman of the village — a scion of noble family — called upon the new 
knight to congratulate him, and was kept waiting in the drawing-room for some 
twenty minutes. Then the door was flung open by a powdered flunky, who, 
ushering in the fat and florid mistress of the house, bawled out at the top of his 
voice, “The Lady Jones!” 

Not long ago the wife of another new-made knight was greatly aggrieved 
at receiving on the very day this dignity was conferred a letter naturally enough 
addressed to “Mrs. So-and-so.” She proceeded to indite a scathing answer to 
her innocent correspondent, — an epistle written throughout in the third person, 
and beginning, “ Lady So-and-so begs to point out that a mistake has been 
made in the address of the letter sent to her. Lady So-and-so requests that in 
future,” etc . — London Letter. 

Do Scorpions commit Suicide?— It has been stated that a scorpion will 
poison itself if placed in such a position that it cannot escape death. This is 
said to be especially true if the reptile is surrounded by fire, with no visible 
means of reaching safety. 

A British officer lately passed through this city on his way home from 
India. He said that while in the Punjab a servant brought in a scorpion 
one morning, which had probably strayed too far from its home during the 
night. The reptile was put in a glass case for safe-keeping. After a time 
the officer thought of experimenting with it. He took a strong sun-glass and 
focussed the rays on the back of the scorpion. As the heat began to tell on the 
animal it ran around its cage, giving every sign of terror. Finally as the heat 
was intensified it raised its tail and plunged the stinger into its back where the 
sun’s rays had been centred. In less than half a minute it was dead. Other 
experiments with actual fire had brought about the same results, according to 
this officer . — Philadelphia Call. 


CURRENT NOTES. 


885 




“Aye! There’s the rub!” 

And that ought to be enough in itself to seal the 
doom of bar soap. 1 his rubbing with soap 
may get clothes clean, if you work hard 
enough, but can’t you see how it wears 
them out ? 

Follow the directions that come on 
every package of Pearline, and you’ll find 
that you not only do away with the hard 
and ruinous work of rubbing — but that you 
save time, and actually get better results. 
At every point Pearline is better than 
soap. But the mere fact that Pearline 
saves the rubbing — that ought to settle it. 


BEWARE 


Peddlers will tell you “ this is as 
good as” or “the same as Pearl- 
ine.” IT’S FALSE — Pearline is never peddled. If your 
grocer sends you an imitation, be honest — send it back. 463 




Instantly Restores Gray Hair and 
Bleached Hair. 

Leaves it clean, soft, and glossy, and no one dreams that 
you color it. Absolutely harmless, odorless, and lasting. 
Baths do not affect it. Does not prevent curling or crimping. 
Send sample of hair to be colored free. 

COLORS. 

No, 1, Black, No, 4, Chestnut, No, 6, Gold Blond. 

No. 2. Dark Brown, No. 5. Light Chestnut. No. 7. Ash Blond. 
No. 3. Medium Brown. Price, ^ 1.50 and $3.00. 


'A free sample bottle of the finest rouge, “ Imperial Venus Tint,” will be sent on receipt of 2-cent stamp. 


Imperial Chemical Manufacturing Co., 292 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK. 

In PHIL AD£IiPHI A : Geo. B. Evans, 1106 Chestnut Street. 


Don’t Worry Yourself and don’t worry the baby ; avoid both unpleasant 
conditions by giving the child pure, digestible food. Don’t use solid prepara- 
tions. /n/an( Health is a valuable pamphlet for mothers. Send your address 
to the New York Condensed Milk Company, New York. 


886 


CURRENT NOTES. 


In 1862. — Kepresentative Bundy, of Ohio, was an elector for Abraham 
Lincoln. “ The following reminiscences about ‘ Old Abe,’ ” said Mr. Bundy, 
“ have never been in print. I had come on to Washington to secure the release 
of a Union recruiting officer who had been unjustly charged with having made 
false vouchers of enlistments and had been sent to Baltimore and placed in jail 
at Fort McHenry. Before me in the line of those waiting to see the President 
was a man with some alleged letters of loyalty from an ex-governor of Mary- 
land. As he handed them to Mr. Lincoln another man caught what had been 
said, and interrupted the conversation to tell Lincoln that the papers must have 
been forged, as the Maryland ex-governor had been dead for several years. The 
man who had brought in the letter collapsed, and Lincoln, with that peculiar 
pity which he could show even to those who least deserved it, replied, quickly, 
‘Oh, never mind, sir; never mind, sir. It is far more interesting. I would 
rather get a letter from a dead man than from a live man, any day.’ 

“ The next to have a conversation with the President was a Wall Street 
broker and adventurer who wanted to be made assistant secretary of the treasury, 
so as to relieve the government, as he declared, by floating an issue of bonds. 
His plan was to borrow for the government a certain amount of money on a 
pledge of $100,000,000 of United States bonds, which were to be issued as col- 
lateral for the payment of the loan. The plan of the schemer was very evi- 
dently to break the price of the bonds and then get possession of them at a 
price less than the market, for his margin was very narrow. 

“Mr. Lincoln listened patiently until the man was through, and then as he 
eyed him closely he said, solemnly, ‘ My friend, that is a mighty good plan to 
get bonds for less than they are worth, and very well thought out ; but,’ as he 
shook his head, ‘ don’t ask me to help you in it.’ ” 

At last it was Mr. Bundy’s turn. He told Mr. Lincoln, by way of intro- 
duction, that he had been a Lincoln elector, and that what he wanted to ask of 
him was simply an act of justice to the falsely imprisoned recruiting officer. Mr. 
Lincoln heard the story, and then said, “ My friend, when are you going to 
start for home?” It was Saturday night, and Mr. Bundy told the President 
that, as he did not travel Sunday, he should not start until early Monday 
morning. 

Mr. Lincoln paused a moment, and then said, “ Well, sir, unless you start 
for Ohio at once your friend will beat you home .” — Washington Times. 


No Sympathy. — “ Higgsby suffers horribly from hay-fever.” 

“Serves him right. He married a grass-widow .” — Chicago Tribune. 

The Employer was Absent.— A photographer left his office in charge 
of a newly engaged boy the other day, and as a result lost a customer. 

Her beauty was of the doubtful sort, and the boy’s eye was better than his 
judgment. 

“ Is the photographer in ?” she asked. 

“No, ma'am,” said the boy, “but he’ll be in soon.” 

“ I want some pictures taken,” the customer went on, “ but I always have 
very hard luck. I hope Mr. will be able to suit me.” 

“ Oh, Mr. will suit you, I am sure, ma’am. By the time the pictures 

are finished up they won’t look like you a bit.” 


CURRENT NOTES. 


887 


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888 


CURRENT NOTES. 


No Dudes Need Apply. — An Eastern man who had lived in the Southwest 
about a year was mentioned as good timber for a Congressional candidate, and 
the chairman of the committee had a talk with one of the old wheel-horses on 
the subject. 

“ What do you think of Mr. Harvard as a candidate ?” was asked. 

“ That chap ez wears a plug hat?” inquired the old man, not quite sure he 
knew the proposed candidate. 

“ Yes.” 

“ An’ shines his boots ?” 

“ Yes.” 

“ An’ don’t drink liquor?” 

“ Yes.” 

“ Ner chaw terbacker?” 

“ Yes.” 

“ Says ‘ those,’ an’ ‘ came,’ an’ ‘ knew’ ?” 

“ Yes.” 

“ Wears a hard-biled shirt?” 

“Yes.” 

“ Ner don’t play poker ?” 

“ He’s the one.” 

The old wheel-horse strode up and down to soothe his perturbed spirit. 

“ Well,” he said, at last, “ well, he’s a nice sort of man ter run fer Congress 
from this deestrick, isn’t he ?” And they had to find a more available man. — 
Detroit Free Press. ^ 

The Sect of “ Non-Sleepers.” — During that epoch of extraordinary re- 
ligious enthusiasm, 412 to 430 A.D., one Alexandrianus, a native of Asia Minor, 
founded a peculiar sect known as “ non-sleepers.” They lived in communities 
of seventy (the custom having some reference to the seventy disciples), and 
whenever a young non-sleeper put in its appearance the oldest man or woman 
in the camp would leave to join some other community that had recently lost 
one of its members by death or otherwise. In this way their communities never 
exceeded the allotment of seventy, and were rarely short a member more than 
a few weeks or months at a time. 

They were called “ non-sleepers” from the fact that at least seven in each 
community were always to be found wide awake and constantly chanting the 
“ sleep song.” In summer these chanters were divided into three relays of seven 
each, and during the winter months into four or five, according to the length 
of the nights. This peculiar sect of non-sleeping, singing fanatics was finally 
exterminated by the Armenian barbarians under the leadership of Omeer Digh- 
tee. — St. Louis Republic. 

Looking-Glasses in Coffins. — One of the ancient customs connected 
with Swedish funerals was to place a small looking-glass in the coffin of an un- 
married female, so that when the last trump should sound she might be able to 
arrange her tresses. It was the practice for Scandinavian maidens to wear 
their hair flowing loosely, while the matrons wore it bound about the head and 
generally covered with some form of cap. Hence the unmarried woman was 
imagined as awakening at the judgment-day with more untidy locks than her 
wedded sisters and more in need of a glass. — Westminster Review. . , 


CURRENT NOTES. 


889 


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CURRENT NOTES. 


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LIPPINCOTT’S 


]y[ONTHLY ]y[AGAZINE. 


POPULAR JOURNAL 


OP 


GENERAL LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND POLITICS. 


VOL. LV.-JANUARY TO JUNE, 1895. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

J. B. LIPPmCOTT COMPANY. 

1895 . 


Copyright, 1895, by J. B. Lippincott Company. 


Printed by J. B. Lippincott Company, Phiudelphia, U.S.A. 


CONTENTS, 


Alain of Halfdene (A Novel) A nna Robeson Brown , . , 

Artist’s Compensations, The William Cranston Lawton . 

Artist’s Habitat, An W. J. Linton 

“As a Day in June” May D. Hatch 

Autocrat, With the F. M. B 

Dad Taste, The Pleasures of Annie Steger Winston . . . 

Battle of Salamanca, The (A Novel) Benito Perez Galdds . . . 

Beset in Aravaipa Canon William Thomson 

Bucolic Journalism of the West Mary E. Stickney . . . . 

Butterfly, The Mary Dawson 

Cavalry Troop, The Beginnings of a . , . . Kenneth Brown 

Chapel of Ease, The (A Novel) Harriet Riddle Davis . . 

Cheap Living in Paris Alvan F. Sanborn . . . . 

Christmas Customs and Superstitions .... Elizabeth Ferguson Seat . 

Climbing the Social Ladder George Grantham Bain . . 

Corean Rebel, A Young Haddo Gordon 

Corpus Christi in Seville Caroline Earle White . . . 

Costume, A Question of W. D. McCrackan .... 

Cuba, A Glimpse of James Knapp Reeve . . . 

Defendant Speaks, The Genie H. Rosenfeld .... 

Diamond-Back Terrapin, The David Bruce Fitzgerald . . 

Ducks of the Chesapeake, The Calvin Dill Wilson .... 

Effacing the Frontier William Trowbridge Lamed 

Electric Locomotives on Steam Roads .... George J. Varney 

Empress Josephine’s Happy Day Edith Duff 

Fate of the Farmer, The Fred. Perry Powers .... 

Fulfilment Elizabeth Knowlton Carter 

Furs in Russia Isabel F. Hapgood .... 

Galdds and his Novels Rollo Ogden 

Ghost of Rhodes House, The William T. Nichols .... 

Grand Opera Nellie Melba 

Gravels, The Story of the Harvey B. Bashore .... 

Heart of the Fire Spirit, The Alvin H. Sydenham .... 

High Fliers and Low Fliers W . Warren Broton . . . . 

Hop-Pole Inn, At the Mrs. Poultney Bigelow . . . 

Idyl of the Forties, An Champion Bissell 

Improving the Common Roads John Gilmer Speed .... 

Interwoven Strains J- Percival Pollard .... 

Lady of Las Cruces, The (A Novel) ..... Christian Reid ...... 

Lingo in Literature William Cecil Elam . , . 

Luck of the Atkinses, The Margaret Buchanan Yeates 

Martha’s Headstone Edith Brotver 

Menu of Mankind, The Calvin Dill Wilson .... 

Mrs. Risley’s Christmas Dinner Ella Higginson 


PAGE 

483 

429 

711 

830 

107 

253 

721 

845 

516 

543 

276 

145 

496 

96 

689 

662 

273 

425 

404 

561 

241 

80 

647 

415 

104 

261 

420 

413 

823 

696 

512 

423 

686 

679 

503 

280 

836 

858 

577 

286 

409 

669 

716 

102 


IV 


CONTENTS. 


“ Mrs. Santa Claus” 

New Year’s Days in Old New York 

Odds on the Gun 

Open Letter, An 

Powers, Hiram, in Washington 

Precedent, A 

Prodigal Friend, A 

Question of Responsibility, A 

Quong Lee 

Referendum and the Senate, The 

Shad-Float, On a 

Shakespeare, William, His Mark 

Socialist Novels 

Table Manners, Evolution of 

Tame Surrender, A (A Novel) 

Telephone, By 

“The House with the Paint wore off” . . . . 

Thoreau 

Tree, Herbert Beerbohm 

Tyranny of the Pictorial, The 

Waifs of Fighting Rocks, The (A Novel) . . 

Walk in Winter, A 

Wanted, One of the 

Womanliness of Literary Women, The . . . 
Woman’s Lot in Persia . ^ ^ . 

Youthful Reminiscence, A . . . ^ ^ . 

Poethy : 

A Preacher 

Alien Ways , 

Beyond Memory 

Content 

Dies Fugaces 

Edelweiss 

Ice 

Melba 

My Discontent 

My Tormentor 

On Christes Day 

Robert Louis Stevenson 

Robin 

Self-Control 

The Comedy 

The Difference 

The Yule Charm 

To the New Year 

With Weyman in Old France 

Yesterday 


Marjorie Richardson 
Edgar Fawcett . . . 
A War Correspondent 
C. W. Lucas .... 


Alice M. Whitlock . . 
S. Elgar Benet .... 
Imogen Clark .... 
Francis Lynde .... 
W. D. McCrackan . . 
David Bruce Fitzgerald 
William Cecil Elam . . 
M. Kaufmann .... 

Lee J. Vance 

Captain Charles King . 
Francis E. Regal . . . 
Marjorie Richardson . 
Charles C. Abbott , . . 
Gilbert Parker .... 
Sidney Fairjield . . , 
Charles Mcllvaine . . 
Charles C. Abbott . . 

B.B 

J. W. Abernethy . , . 
Wolf von Schierbrand . 
Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen 


Clinton Scollard ....... 

M. S. Paden 

Edith M. Thomas 

Madison Cawein 

Joseph Wharton 

Florence Evelyn Pratt .... 

Charles G. D. Roberts 

Champion Bissell 

Carrie Blake Morgan ..... 

Robert Beverly Hale 

Susie M. Best 

Richard Burton 

Ella Gilbert Ives 

Grace F. Pennypacker .... 
Charles G. D. Roberts .... 

John B. Tabb 

M. S. Paden 

Kathleen R. Wheeler 

Richard Stillman Powell . . . 

\ 

Alice Brotcn-. 


PAGE 

87 

136 

657 

431 

636 

267 

122 

110 

246 

855 

692 

824 

138 

531 

289 

126 

525 

852 

117 

861 

1 

255 

427 

570 

550 

417 


661 

515 

245 

860 

685 

272 

428 

511 

279 

569 

116 

422 

829 

668 

624 

691 

95 

126 

260 

101 




I The July Number 

OF 

iLIPPINCOTT’S 

■ . 

MAGAZINE, 

7 

READY JUNE 20 , 


WILL CONTAIN A COMPLETE NOVEL 
ENTITLED 

A Social Highwayman, 

BY 

^ ELIZABETH PHIPPS TRAIN, 

Author of “ The Autobiography of a Professional Beauty,” “ Doctor Lamar,” etc. 

I Also, the Usual Variety of Stories, Essays, 

Poems, etc. 

I 

I For List of Complete Novels contained in Former Numbers, see Next Page. 


1 


a 



THE COMPLETE NOVELS 

WHICH HAVE ALREADY APPEARED IN 

LIPPINOOTT’S MAGAZINE. 

AND WHICH ARE ALWAYS OBTAINABLE, ARE: 


No. 

330. The Battle of Salamanca. 

Benito Perez GaldOs 

329. The Lady of Las Cruces . . . Christian Reid 
328. Alain of Halfdene . . • Anna Robeson Brown 
327. A Tame Surrender . . . Captain Charles King 
326. The Chapel of Base . . . Harriet Riddle Davis 

325. The Waifs of Fighting Bocks. 

Charles Mcllvaine 

324. Mrs. Hallam’s Companion. 

Mrs. Mary J. Holmes 

323. Dora’s Defiance Rady Lindsay 

322. A Question of Courage . . . Francis Lynde 

321. Captain Molly Mary A. Denison 

320. Sweetheart Manette . . . Maurice Thompson 

319. Captain Close Captain Charles King 

318. The Wonder- Witch . . . . M. G. McClelland 
317. A Professional Beauty. Elizabeth Phipps Train 
316. The Flying Halcyon . . Richard Henry Savage 

316. A Desert Claim Mary E. Stickney 

314. The Picture of Las Cruces . . Christian Reid 

313. The Colonel Harry Willard French 

312. Sergeant Croesus .... Captain Charles King 
311. An Unsatisfactory Lover .... The Duchess 
310. The Hepburn Line . . . Mrs. Mary J. Holmes 
309. A Bachelor’s Bridal. . . . H. Lovett Cameron 
308. In the Midst of Alarms .... Robert Barr 
307. The Troublesome Lady . Patience Stapleton 
306. The Translation of a Savage. Gilbert Parker 

305. Mrs. Eomney Rosa Nouchette Carey 

304. Columbus in Love . . George Alfred Townsend 
303. Waring’s Peril . . . Capt. Charles King, U.S. A. 

302. The First Flight Julien Gordon 

301. A Pacific Encounter . . . Mary E. Stickney 

300. Pearce Amerson’s Will. 

Richard Malcolm Johnston 

299. More thanTKin Marion Harland 

298. The Hiss of Gold Kate Jordan 

297. The Doomswoman Gertrude Atherton 

296. The Martlet Seal .... Jeannette H. Walworth 

295. White Heron M. G. McClelland 

294. John Gray (A Kentucky Tale of the Olden Time). 

James Lane Allen 

293. The Golden Fleece .... Julian Hawthorne 
292. But Men Must Work . Rosa Nouchette Carey 
291. A Soldier’s Secret . Capt. Charles King, U.S.A. 

290. Boy the Boyalist William Westall 

289. The Passing of Major Kilgore. 

Young E. Allison 

288. A Pair Blockade-Breaker . . T. C. De Leon 
287. The Duke and the Commoner. 

Mrs. Poultney Bigelow 

286. Lady Patty The Duchess 

285. Carlotta’s Intended . . Ruth McEnery Stuart 
284. A Daughter’s Heart . Mrs. II. Lovett Cameron 
283. A Bose of a Hundred Leaves. Amelia E.Barr 
282. Gold of Pleasure . . . George Parsons Lathrop 
281. Vampires Julien Gordon 


No. 

280. Maiden’s Choosing . . . Mrs. Ellen Olnoy Kirk 
279. The Sound of a Voice . . Frederick S. Cozzens 

278. A Wave of Life Clyde Fitch 

277. The Light that Failed . . Rudyard Kipling 
27G. An Army Portia . . Capt. Charles King, U.S.A. 
275. A Laggard in Love . Jeanie Gwynne Bettany 
274. A Marriage at Sea W. Clark Bussell 

273. The Mark of the Beast. 

Katharine Pearson Woods 

272. What Gold Cannot Buy . . Mrs. Alexander 
271. The Picture of Dorian Gray . . Oscar Wilde 
270. Circumstantial Evidence . Mary E. Stickney 
269. A Sappho of Green Springs . . . Bretllarte 

268. A Cast for Fortune Christian Reid 

267. Two Soldiers .... Capt. Charles King, U.S.A. 
266. The Sign of the Four .... A Conan Doyle 
265. Millicent and Bosalind . . Julian Hawthorne 

264. All He Knew John Habberton 

263. A Belated Eevenge. Dr. Robt. Montgomery Bird 

262. Creole and Puritan T. C. De Leon 

261. Solarion Edgar Fawcett 

260. An Invention of the Enemy. W. H. Babcock 
259. Ten Minutes to Twelve . M. G. McClelland 
258, A Dream of Conquest . . General Lloyd Brice 
257. A Chain of Errors .... Mrs. E. W. Latimer 

256. The Witness of the Sun . . . Amelie Rives 

255. Bella-Demonia Selina Dolaro 

254. A Transaction in Hearts . . . . Edgar Saltus 

253. Hale-W^eston M, Elliot Seawell 

251. Earthlings Grace King 

250. Queen of Spades, and Autobiography. E. P. Roe 
249. Herod and Mariamne. 

A Tragedy Amdlie Rives 

248. Mammon Maude Howe 

247. The Yellow Snake Wm, Henry Bishop 

246. Beautiful Mrs. Thorndyke. 

Mrs. Poultney Bigelow 

245, The Old Adam H. H. Boyesen 

244. The Quick or the Dead P . . . Am61ie 
243. Honored in the Breach . . . Julia Magru^r 
242. The Spell of Home. 

After the German of E. Werner. Mrs. A. L. Wister 
241. Check and Counter-Check. 

Brander Matthews and George H. Jessop 
239. The Terra-Cotta Bust . . Virginia W. Johnson 
238, Apple Seed and Brier Thorn. Louise Stockton 
237. The Bed Mountain Mines. Lew Vanderpoole 

236. A Land of Love Sidney Luska 

235. At Anchor Julia Magruder 

234. The Whistling Buoy .... Charles Barnard 

232. Douglas Duane Edgar Fawcett 

231. Kenyon’s Wife Lucy C. Lillie 

230, A Self-Made Man M. G. McClelland 

229. Sinfire Julian Hawthorne 

228. Miss Defarge .... Frances Hodgson Burnett 
227. Brueton’s Bayou ....... John Habberton 


SINGLE NUMBERS, 25 CENTS, $3.00 PER YEAR 


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The Colonel’s Christmas Dinner. 

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“Captain King, as author of military romances, is without a peer. Soldier’s life in field and in fort, on 
horseback and in barracks, in active service and on furlough, he describes with a vividness and effectiveness 
which bear evidence of intimate personal acquaintance with camps and campaigns .” — New York Honie Journal. 

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brilliant and charming pictures of the life of the soldier in the quiet of peace at the remote frontier posts and 
the thrilling excitement of battle with wily savage, and desperate foes .” — New York Tribune. 


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A Midsummer Night’s Dream. 

Volume X. of the Variorum Edition of Shakespeare’s Plays. Edited 
by Horace Howard Furness, Ph.D., LL.D., L.H.D. In one 
handsome octavo volume of three hundred and fifty pages. Cloth, 
$4.00. 

This edition, edited by the ablest living Shakespearian scholar, has been 
received everywhere with the greatest possible favor, and has been considered 
by all critics as the most exhaustive work on Shakespeare’s plays. For the 
study of the play Mr. Furness’s edition is as invaluable as it is indispensable, and 
is without question the most complete in existence, as the editor has naturally 
taken advantage of the labors of all former Shakespearian scholars, English, 
French, and German. 

The text of the First Folio, the Editio Princeps, has been again adopted in 
the present play, being reproduced from the editor’s copy with every exactitude. 
Time has but confirmed Mr. Furness in his conviction that this is the text which 
a student needs constantly before him ; and in a majority of the plays it is the 
freshest from Shakespeare’s own hand. The various readings of all the early 
editions are noted line by line, while the notes are a choice selection from all the 
commentators. 

“Mr. Horace Howard Furness, continuing his lifelong labor of love in ‘A 
New Variorum Edition of Shakespeare,’ has just reached the tenth volume of that 
edition in ‘ A Midsummer Night’s Dream,’ which, like the volumes that have 
preceded it, bears the imprint of J. B. Eippincott Company. Many have studied 
him, but no one more lovingly and reverently than Mr. Furness, who is easily the 
first and greatest of all his scholars, a proud pre-eminence, to which every volume 
of this New Variorum Edition of his bears abundant testimony .’’ — New York 
Mail and Express. 

The New Variorum Edition of Shakespeare. 

Edited by Horace Howard Furness, Ph,D., LL.D., L.H.D. Royal 
octavo volumes. Extra cloth, uncut edges, gilt top, $4.00. 

The ten volumes already issued bound in half-morocco, gilt top, 
$50.00. Sold only in sets. 

A Midsummer Night’s Dream. 

The Tempest. King Lear. 

As You Like It. Hamlet {2 vols.'). 

The Merchant of Venice. Macbeth. 

Othello. Romeo and Juliet. 

“In conclusion, I desire to thank the many friends who have assisted me in 
the work, and without whose help my difficulties would have been greatly in- 
creased. I would especially record my obligations above all to my constant friend. 
Dr. Horace Howard Furness of Philadelphia, whose monumental volumes are the 
admiration of every true student of Shakespeare.’’ — Wini^iAM Atdis Wright, 
Editor of Cambridge Edition. 


4 









The Novels of Tobias Smollett. 

Edited by George Saintsbury. With portrait and illustrations by 
Frank Richards. To be complete in twelve i6mo volumes. 
Subscriptions received for complete sets only. Cloth, $12.00; 
half calf, $27.00 ; half morocco, $27.00. A large-paper edition^ 
limited to one hundred and fifty copies. Twelve volumes. 8vo. 
Buckram, $36.00. 

Count Fathom. 2 vols. 

Sir Launceuot Greaves, i vol. 
Humphrey Ceinker. 2 vols. 


3 vols. 

4 vols. 


Roderick Random. 

Now ready. 

Peregrine Pickee. 

Now ready. 

The principles of editing adopted in this issue of Smollett are the same 
as those which the editor applied in his presentations of Fielding and Sterne. 
No annotation is attempted, and the text is reprinted from the standard version. 
The text has, however, been carefully read throughout to guard against those 
slips which sometimes hold their ground in frequently reprinted matter. These 
three volumes are the first of a twelve-volume edition to be completed in six 
months. Subscriptions received for complete sets only. 

Josiah’s Alarm and Abel Perry’s Funeral. 

By Josiah Allen’s Wife. Eight full-page illustrations by Sauerman. 
i6mo. Cloth, 50 cents. 

There is a tang of the real thing about Josiah Allen’s Wife which few or none 
of the dialect story-tellers ever succeed in acquiring. This estimable lady not 
only studies and sympathizes with the class which she depicts, but she seems to 
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natural to the reader’s ears as would be the speech itself heard on its native heath. 

In the two stories contained in this handy and attractive little volume Josiah 
Allen’s Wife is seen at her very best. Josiah' s Alarm is a sample of her humor- 
ous vein, and Abel Perry's Funeral is a little masterpiece of pathos and good 
sense. 

The Dragon of Wantley; His Tale. 

By Owen Wister. A new edition in paper covers. i2mo. Paper, 
50 cents. 8 VO edition. Cloth, $1.50. 

It would deprive the reader of half the pleasure of reading this uncommonly 
bright tale, were we to anticipate even a part of the plot. Suffice it to say that 
there is the prettiest. and, freshest of love episodes woven through the mistletoe 
leaves of a hearty Christmas story ; that the Baron of Wantley, the Monks of 
Oyster-le-Main, Blaine, and Geoffrey, and little Whelpdale the Buttons, and old 
Popham the Butler,— that all these and a score more are the most laughable and 
lovable characters that we have encountered in fiction this many a day. 

In Mr. John Stewardson, Mr. Wister has had an artistic collaborator born. 
The humorous pen-and-ink work which illustrates the text and adds to the fun of 
almost every page opens an entirely new vein in art. 

5 















A Love Episode (Une Page d’Amour). 

By Emile Zola. Translated, with a preface, by Ernest A. Vizetelly. 
and illustrated with loo wood-engravings, drawn by Francois 
Theoenot and engraved by Ruffe. Crown 8vo. Extra cloth, gilt 
top, $ 2 . 00 . 

“ I will make all Paris weep,” said M. Zola to a friend when he had schemed 
out the plot of C/ne Page Amour, here presented to the English reader under 
the title of “A hove Episode;” and certainly, though one explore the entire 
domain of fiction, it is difldcult to find a more pathetic story than that of H^l^ne 
Grandchamp’s struggle with passion, her fall, and bitter punishment. H^ldne, as 
Mr. Andrew Lang has rightly pointed out, is a good and pure woman upon whom 
the fate of her family falls, with the result that she loves a kind of Dr. Brand 
Firmin, like the father of Philip in Thackeray’s story. Critics have frequently 
contended that M. Zola’s realism is confined to outward and visible things ; but 
“A Love Episode” embraces psychology of no mean order, and repeatedly shows 
us that its author can, when he chooses, probe the human soul to its utmost depths. 

Promont Junior and Risler Senior. 

By Alphonse Daudet. Translated by Edward Vizetelly, and illus- 
trated with eighty-eight wood-engravings from original drawings 
by George Roux. Crown 8vo. Extra cloth, gilt top, $ 2 . 00 . 

“The story of a woman without a heart. It is exciting to the general reader, 
a sketch of society to the litterateur, an admirably-constructed story to the novelist, 
and to the philosopher a weird, sombre, yet fascinating, study of human nature. 
It is a story, not an essay, and is written for readers who like their literary enter- 
tainment highly spiced. If their mental digestions are strong, it will not hurt 
them. 

“The volume is handsomely printed and bound and is embellished by eighty- 
eight excellent wood-cuts from drawings by George Roux. The translator, it may 
be added, has done his work remarkably well, turning Daudet’s language into 
graceful idiomatic English without losing the charm of the novelist’s peculiar 
style. ’ ’ — Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. 

Distaff and Spindle. 

Sonnets. By Mary Ashley Townsend, author of “ Xariffa’s Poems,” 
“Down the Bayou, and Other Poems,” and “The Captain’s 
Story.” Small quarto. Cloth, $1.50. 

Some years ago there appeared at intervals volumes of poems which won 
from public and critic alike a kindly reception. This author has long been held 
in regard by a circle of readers who enjoy poetry which is direct and sweet in 
utterance, true in substance, and native in tone, and now that another book has 
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those to whom Mary Ashley Townsend has endeared herself by her unaffected 
talent. 





00 *^0(2 00 




Africa. 

Volume I. North Africa. By A. H. Keane, F.R.G.S. Volume 

III. in New Issue of Stanford’s “ Compendium of Geography 
and Travels.” With maps and illustrations. 

Crown 8vo. Cloth, $4.50. 

In the new issue of this series the single volume formerly thought sufficient 
for the treatment of African geography is replaced by two, each somewhat larger 
than that work ; the more than double space being scarcely adequate to a proper 
exposition of the facts since the leading Powers resolved to transform this conti- 
nent to a political dependency of Europe. Of the original work by the late 
Keith Johnston, nothing remains except a few passages which appear as ordinary 
quotations. 

The Golden Pomp. 

A Procession of English Lyrics from Surrey to Shirley. Arranged by 
A. T. Quilier-Couch. 8t^o. Cloth, gilt top, $2.00. 

It is no small achievement, let it be acknowledged, to make a new anthology 
of English lyric poetry with The Golden Treasury in the field. Mr. Palgrave long 
ago preempted the English song and lyric ; and, then, Mr. Bullen came with his 
Lyrics from Elizabethan Song-Books and gathered in all the scattered gleanings 
left by his predecessor. But Mr. Quiller-Couch has drawn freely from both of 
these ; and, besides, has allowed himself a fuller choice, so that his book possesses 
a freshness which gives it a new accent, which will certainly make a wider appeal 
and have a friendlier reception from lovers of poetry who are not also students of 
verse. 

Captain Dreams, and Other Stories. 

Edited by Captain Charles King, U.S.A. i2mo. Cloth, $1.00; 

paper, 50 cents. 

“Captain Dreams” is a forgetful fellow whose real name is De Remer. His 
adventure is a diverting one which nearly ends in jail, but the mystery is 
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ant A. H. Sydenham, White Lilies, by Alice King Hamilton, A Strange Wound, 
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The Three Graces. 

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Anything more exhilarating to the oppressed lungs of introspective readers 
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quite irresistible— even to the grave and reverend reader who hugs his folios. 

7 


V 













The Mystery of the Patrician Club. 

By Albert D. Vandam, author of “An Englishman in Paris,” -“My 

Paris Note-Book.” In LippincotVs Series of Select Novels for 
May. i2mo. Cloth, $i.oo ; paper, 50 cents. 

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They Call It Love. 

A new novel. By Frank Frankfort Moore, author of “ I Forbid the 

Banns,” “ A Gray Eye or So,” etc. In LippincotP s Series of 
Select Novels for April. i2mo. Cloth, $1.00 ; 
paper, 50 cents. 

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between the old masters and the morgue, is forcibly drawn. The plot hinges on 
the fancied discovery by the heroine that there is insanity in her family, which 
compels her to renounce her lover. The twain come together for the denouement 
of the story.” — Literary World. 

Transition. 

By the author of “ A Superfluous Woman.” i2mo. Cloth, $1.25. 

“The author of ‘A Superfluous Woman,’ whoever she may be, is one who 
has studied the question of socialism to some purpose. She writes as one who is 
familiar with her subject, and deals with the extremes of the question. 

“It is not a book for the generality of novel readers, but for those who like a 
story that has an aim and purpose in the telling. It is a story that is well worth 
reading.” — Boston Times. 

Captain Close, and Sergeant Croesus. 

Two stories in one volume. By Captain Charles King, U.S.A., 
author of “ Kitty’s Conquest,” “ Captain Blake,” etc. 
i2mo. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. 

“ The author of ‘ The Colonel’s Daughter,’ ‘ Marion’s Faith,’ ‘ Captain Blake,’ 
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not wholly in keeping with expressed sentiments.” — Boston Herald. 

“The book is full of the dashing bravery, clashing of swords, and thrilling 
life of the camp and field which stirs the hearts of Captain King’s readers 
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of army life, and sure to find a warm place in the heart of every American of 
every age.” — Cleveland Amusement Gazette. 

8 








Miss Cherry=Biossom of Tokyo. 

A novel. By John Luther Long. Japanese covers. i2nio. 

Cloth, $1.25. 

. “The Japanese covers almost tell the story without any text. The delicate 
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tion of the mental palate. ’ ’ — Boston Courier. 

Urinalysis. 

Blanks for the Analysis and Microscopic Examination of Urine, with 

Simple Directions for making the Tests. Arranged by Joseph 
C. Guernsey, A.M., M.D. For sale by subscription only. 

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— Medical TimeSy Chicago. 


Scientific Publications. 


The 21st Edition of Nystrom’s Pocket=Book of 
Mechanics and Engineering. 

Revised, corrected, and greatly enlarged, with addition of original 
matter. By Wiiliam Dennis Marks, Ph.B., C.E. (Yale S.S.S.). 
Twenty-first Editiony further revised and corrected by Robert 
Grimshaw. Fully illustrated. i6mo. Over seven hundred 
pages. Pocket-book form, gilt edges, $3.50. 

In this revision much new and official information has been substituted for 
what had grown obsolete or was of unknown or questionable authority. In many 
cases (as, for instance, where 62.5 lbs. is given as the weight of a cubic foot of 
water in calculating the pressure on embankments, etc.), where such sufficiently 
approximate figures and constants are given in the twentieth edition as have been 
used for many years, these have been retained, and the latest figures, accurate to 
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from the advancements in science, mechanical inventions and appliances, etc. 

9 






A Text-Book of Chemistry. 

Intended for the Use of Pharmaceutical and Medical Students. By 
Samuel P. Sadtler, Ph.D., F.C.S., Professor of Chemistry in the 
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, and Henry Trimble, Ph.M., 
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fifty pages, bound in cloth, $5.00 ; sheep, $6.00. 

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life. The book is up to date and in keeping with the trend of modern research 
in its relation to a science which must be thoroughly understood by physician 
and pharmacist if they would maintain the ‘trusts committed to them, — the 
health and life of their fellow-men.’ “ — Pharmaceutical Era. 


forthcoming Publications. 


Pediatrics. 

The Hygiene and Medical Treatment of Children. By Thomas 
Morgan Rotch, M.D., Professor of the Diseases of Children, 
Harvard University. With over four hundred illustrations in 
the text, and eight full-page lithographic plates in colors. Nine 
hundred pages. In preparation. Sold only by subscription. 


A Colonial Wooing. 

A novel by Charles Conrad Abbott, author of “The Birds About 
Us,” “Travels in a Tree-Top,” etc., etc. In press. 

Turning on the Light. 

^ By Horatio King. In press. 

Foes in Ambush. 

By Captain Charles King, U.S.A. A new edition in paper covers. 

In press. 


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Lippincott’s Pronouncing 
Gazetteer of the World. 

EDITION OF 1893, WITH LATEST CENSUS RETURNS. 
NEWLY REVISED AND ENLARGED. 


A complete Pronouncing Gazetteer or Geographical Dictionary of the 
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LIPPINCOTT8 MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 


EDUCATIONAL. 


Massachusetts, Aubumdaie 

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Woman’s Medical College 

OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

The 46th Annual Session opens Sept. 25, 1895. A four years’ 
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Clara Marshall, M.D., Dean, 1712 Locust St., Philadelphia. 


The Leading Conservatory of America. 

Carl Faeltbn, Director. ^ 

Founded by E. 












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14 



LIPPINC0TT8 MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 


OVE'R TWO MILLIO/MS 


of the cream of the intelligent people of the country have read the 


Cosmopolitan Magazine 

during the past year, and it is expected that this number will be doubled during the 
year that is coming. 

The causes for this popularity are various, but a glance at a partial list of authors 
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show the principal one. 

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De Maupassant, 

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LIPPINCOTTS MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 



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ployed, including gold-medalists of the Paris Salon. SEND FOR CIRCULAR I 


Decorations. Write for color schemes; designs; estimates. Artists sent to all parts of 
the world, to do every sort of decorating and' painting. We are educating the country in color- 
harmony. Belief ; stained glass ; carpets ; furniture ; draperies, etc. 


Waii Papers. Spring styles. Original designs by gold-medal artists. Samples, 10 cents. 

SEND FOR CIRCULAR I 

Tapestry Materiais. We manufacture tapestry materials. Superior to foreign 

goods, and half the price. Book of samples, 10 cents. SEND FOR CIRCULAR I 

School. Six 3-hour tapestry->painting lessons, in studio, |5.00. By mail, $1.00 per lesson. 

Tapestry paintings rented; full-size drawings, paints, brushes, etc., supplied. Nowhere, Paris 
not excepted, are such advantages otfered pupils. SEND FOR CIRCULAR I 


Manual of Art Decoration. The Art Book of the century. 200 royal 

quarto pages. 50 superb full-page art illlustrations of modern home interiors and tapestry 
studies. Price, Two Dollars 


J. F. DOUTHITT, 

American Tapestry and Decorative Co., 286 Fifth Avenue, New York. 


16 



LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 



'^ CATALOGUE FREE FROMCT wise ec^omyC f BOSTON. NEWYORK, 
% ANYAGENT.ORBYMAIt SA, in every wM CHICAGO, SANFRlNClSCO.j 
■# FOR TWO 2 CT.STAMPS. BUFFALO, PROVIDENCE.' 

HARTFORD BICYCLES *80*60'50: 





Wright & Ditson, 


MANUFACTURERS OF 


Fine Lawn Tennis, Golf, 
Athletic Goods 


AND 


OF ALL 


KINDS. 


THE 

OFFICIAL 

Lawn Tennis Guide M 

For 1895. 

CONTENTS : The Latest Rules, Full Reports of 1894 
Tournaments, and numerous other articles of interest. 

Also Photographs of all the Champions. 

PRICE, BY MAIL, 15 CENTS. 

Our Cbampionsbip Ball, adopted for 1S95 by U. S. National Inter- 
collegiate, Canadian, and other Associations, 

WRIGHT & DITSON, Boston, Mass. 


,Send for Complete 
Illustrated Catalogue. 




HIQHC5T 


IfYLI FS o*" 


If you are looking for a wheel of superior exce.lence, 
buy nothing but the Waverley. Warranted superior to any bicycle built in the world, 
regardless of price. Catalogue free. INDIANA BICYCLE CO., IndlanaDOlis. Ind., U.S.A. 


RACm|:B0ATMFGC2- 

>, Hacine.wis. U.S-A. . 

' A DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS/, 
PRICES AND WORK GUARANTEED ^ 

/ 5ENDI0 CENTS TOR 68 PAGE ILLUSTRATtO CATALOGUE L 





FOLKS reduced, 15 lbs. 
a month. A safe Her* 
bal remedy. Miss M. 
Ainley, Supply, Ark., 
writes, I lost 43 lbs. and 
feel splendid. Free Tri»l Box 
and particulars (sealed) 4 cents. 
HALL CO.BOX QE 404 SL Louls.Mo. 


17 





LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 




Four Models — $85.00 and $100.00 


Elegant forty-page catalogue for postage. 


MONARCH CYCLE MFQ. CO., 


Factory and Main Office, Lake and Halsted Streets, Retail Salesroom, 280 Wabash Avenue, 

CHICAGO. 

Eastern Sales and Distributing Agents, The C. F. Guyon Co., Ltd,, 79 Reade St., and 97 Chambers St., New York, 
g Branches: San Francisco, Portland, Salt Lake City, Denver, Memphis, Detroit. H 

dinjiJxruTJiJirui/ijmjinruxri/ njiim uxiriinnjiJxrtriAruijmri/iJTTjTjTnjTxujmTJTJinj^^ 

18 


KING OF BICYCLES. 

Light, graceful, strong, speedy, beautifully finished, exquisitely designed. 


LIPPINC0TT8 MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 



BEN-HUR, No. 10. 


BEN=HUR 

Bicycles 

are absolutely High Grade, up to date in every 
detail, and compete only with higher priced 
Wheels. 

Price, $85.00. 


CATALOGUE FREE. 


CENTRAL CYCLE MFQ. CO., 

70 Garden St., Indianapolis, Ind., U.S.A. 


Have You a 
Baby ? and a ^ 

Bicycle ? 

Then get a 

Carrier ! 

and you’ll have fun. 

The carrier weighs only 3 lbs., costs only $2.50 
as shown in cut, or with board seat and strap attach- 
ment $3.00, will carry babies from the time they 
can sit alone until they are 5 years old. The net is 
linen twine and can be drawn up in the form of a 
bag to make a good Parcel Carrier. 

The (Kalamazoo 
Folding 

Weight, p 
16 oz. 

Carrier. 

Folds up when not in 
use. Price, $2.00. 
Ask your Cycle Dealer for them, or we will send 
them to you, express prepaid, upon receipt of price. 
Catalogues free. 

KALAMAZOO CYCLE CO., 

Manufacturers, 

KALAMAZOO, MICH. 



I^alamazoo 

Baby 




The best bicycle to buy 
is the one that is built 
with the most care^ that 
runs the lightest., lasts 
the longest, 
Is the strong- 
est. 

THE STERLING, 

"Built like a watch.” 

for elegant catalogue. 

Sterling Cycle Works^ 

^36-:?4o Caff<)ll Ave., ^ 

Chicago* 

Schoverling. Daly <fe Gales, 302 Broadway, N.Y. 


19 


They Got Out and Walked. 


WITH THE WITS. 



20 



LIPPINCOTTS MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 



On a Gray Day 

No camera will make a perfect, instantaneous 
photo except it is fitted with the Ross Patent 
Lens used in 

The Folding Montauk 

$25 to $150. 

Q. GENNERT, Manufacturer, 

24 and 26 East 13th Street, N. Y. 

The most complete assortment of high- 
grade photo materials in the United States. 

CATALOGUE SENT FREE. 



PORTABLE HOUSES 

With Leonard’s Patent Concealed 

IF50N 

For Summer Houses, Photograph Galleries, Mining Camps, Election 
Houses, etc., etc. Made of pine siding, set in strong frames. Inside oil 
finished, outside neatly painted. Set up in a day. Shipped anywhere. 
Send for catalogue. 

IRON COTTAGE CO., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 



ECLIPSE 

CYCLES. 


LIGHT, BEAUTIFUL, EASY-RUNNING. 

‘‘they stand the test.” 

ROADSTERS, RACER, LADIES’, AND TANDEM. 

Send for Catalog. Free to all. 

NO OTHER CYCLES HAVE ECLIPSE IMPROVEMENTS. 
Agents wanted in unoccupied territory. 

Eclipse Bicycle Co., 

Beaver Falls, Pa. Indianapolis, Ind. Hamilton, Canada. 


CIONT KILL YOURSELF 

^l -BUT USE -THE ■ 

HARMLESS SMOKER 


Nicotine is A Rank Poison. 

Why continually take it in your mouth to be 
I absorbed into your system when the Harmless 
I Smoker is an alisolute preyentative. 

Avoid Tobacco Cancer; 

I Smoker’s Heart or other troubles by using this 
dericeor quit Smoking. If you wish to quit 
the Harmless Smoker will make it Easy, Send 
for my little book telling you about it. Costs 
yon nothin?. Highest testimonials from PhysU 
I elans, ministers Prominent men in all conn- 
1 tries Don’t delay; Send now. 

RYERSON D. GATES, Sole Prop. 

J 1200, 108 LaSalle Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 


SUMMER 

VACATION TOURS 

Special Car Parties, Personally Conducted 

TO COLORADO 
YELLOWSTONE PARK 

FIRST TOUR 

TWENTY DAYS; COST S190.00 

Leaving Chicago Wednesday, June 26 

To the YELLOWSTONE PARK via Colorado, Marshall Pass, 
Glenwood Springs, Salt Lake City. Six days’ tour of Yellow- 
stone Park. Returning through the Black Hills, via the 
Ouster Battlefield and Hot Springs, So. Dak. 

SECOND TOUR 

SEVENTEEN DAYSj COST S160.00 

Leaving Chicago Wednesday, Aug. 7 

To the YELLOWSTONE PARK by way of Kansas City, Mo., 
and Lincoln, Neb. Through the Black Hills via Hot Springs, 
Deadwood and Custer Battlefield. Six days’ tour of Yellow- 
stone Park. Returning via Minneapolis and Lake Minnetonka. 

THIRD TOUR 

FOURTEEN DAYSj COST S130.00 

Leaving Chicago Wednesday, Aug. i4 

Through SCENIC COLORADO, by way of Denver, Manitou, 
Pike’s Peak, Colorado Springs, Royal Gorge, Marshall Pass — 
Around the Circle — Mount Ouray stage ride, Rico, Durango, 
Glenwood Springs and Leadville. 

The cost of tickets for these Tours includes railroad trans- 
portation, sleeping-car fares, meals and lodging, carriage 
drives and side trips — everything save incidental expenses. 

THE SERVICE IN ALL RESPECTS WILL BE 
FIRST-CLASS IN EVERY PARTICULAR. 

Consult your nearest ticket agent in regard to these parties, 
or send for a descriptive pamphlet to T. A. 6RADY, Managet 
BURLINGTON ROUTE TOURS, 211 Clath Street. Chicago, Hi. 

21 




LIPPINCOTT8 MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 


The Model 
Railroad 
of America 


Perfect Construction, 
Superb Equipment, 
Able Management. 



THE LINE BETWEEN 

Philadelphia and New York 

is conceded by eminent railway authorities to be the finest 
piece of railroad in America. 


THE ROVAL ROUTE 

BETWEEN 

Philadelphia^ Atlantic City 

is famed for the quick and efficient movement of its trains. 


THE READING is the favorite route for all points in 
Interior Pennsylvania. 

I. A. SWEIQARD, C. Q. HANCOCK, 

General Superintendent. General Passenger Agent. 


LIPPINC0TT8 MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 



Ill 


NOTED 
rOR ITS GREAT 

CURATIVE 

PROPERTIES 
IN 

RHEUMATIC 
SKIN AND 
NERVOUS 
DISEASES. 

SITUATED IN A 
HEALTHFUL. PLATEAU 
resign on the 

NORTHERN ~ 
PACIFIC 
_ RAILROAD 

NE/XR. 

Spok.^e,Washinston 

&00 D otElTsT® 


'TDljiJTJCj 
□□□□□□ 


14^ 




LJLJCn 

□□no, 

□□□I 

fSDDQaaao 

l^aaaaaaa 
□□□□□□□□ 
□□Ssaaaa 

□□□!!□□□ 
□□□□□□□ 

□ □□□□□□□ WITH THE 
INDIAN TRIBES of this 
re^ion.The surrouncfin^ Country 
is interesting in many respects 

SIX CENTS eent tome 

will brin^ you 

SKETCH e:s or 

WONDERLAND 

that describes the 
NORTHERN. PACIFIC Country. 

Chas. S. Fee, 6en, Pass.A^nt, 
6t.Poul. Minn. 


OooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooO 


Anyone knows there are other good 
wheels. But is there any wheel better 
made than the ERIE— is there any wheel 
with as modern improvements — is there 
any wheel about which riders hear so 
little complaint — is there any wheel, at 
or ;^ioo, that gives so much for the 


money ? It won’t cost anything to get a 
catalog, and something in it, too. 

Queen City Cycle Co., Buffalo, N. Y 


Mention Lippincott’s Magazine. 


o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 


OooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooO 


They Got Out and Walked. — C ontinued. 


WITH THE WITS. 



24 


Weary Waddles. — “Oh, dat^s dead easy: watch me. 



LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 



(1 


Made by Enos Richardson & Co., 23 Maiden 
Lane, New York City. 


Ill 


The New 



when 
she asks for 
these brands of 

Bias 
Velveteen 
Skirt Binding. 

A set of the" S. H. & M.” mfniafure figures showing 
the latest Parisian costumes with booklet on "How to 
Bind the Dress Skirt," mailed for 10c. in stamps. 

The S. H. & M. Co., P. O. Box 699. N. Y. 

“S.H.&M.” Dress Stays are the Best. 



Warren ’s Skir t Bone. 

A New Tkiner in Skirt StifTening. 

Used also in Revers. Collars and Sleeves, 
insuring perfect curves. Gives wonderful 
effects not to be obtained by use of any other 
material. 

Ask your dealer for it, or a 12-yards sample 
sent postpaid for 65 cents. 

WARREN FEATHERBONE CO., 

Three Oaks, Michigan 


A trifle vain 

but commendable — is pride 
in looking well, making and 
keeping the skin beautiful. 

The skin food Milk Weed 
Cream is found in every BEAUTY 
beautiful woman’s toilet. Its 
effect is positive and unerr* 
ing, effaces wrinkles, re- 
stores the tissue making the 
flesh firm and plump. 

A skin corrective, it heals 
pimples, eruptions, and 
blackheads, removes freck- 
les and sunburn. 

Price socts. at Druggists, 
by mail, sscts. 

Frederick F. Ingram & Co., Detroit, mich. 

i)®®(3 


IS 

POWER. 



W. L. Douglas 

QUAF ISTHEBEST. 
wnWk f'it for AKING. 

S. CORDOVAN, 

FRENCH &ENAMELLED CALF. 

FineCalf&Kangarqoi 

$3.^0 P0LICE,3 SOLES. 
$050^2- WORKINGMej^ 

32.*l.75B0YS’SCHI10LSH0Ea 

•CALDIES* 

END FOR CATALOGUE 
-L-DOUGLAS- 
BRO C KTOH,>IAS5 . 
Over One Million People wear the 


W. L. Douglas $3 & $4 Shoes 


All our shoes are equally satisfactory 

They give the best value for the money. 
They equs^ custom Shoes in style and fit. 
Their wearing qualities are unsurpassed. 
The prices are uniform,— stamped on sole. 
From $i to $3 saved over other makes. 

■ff your dealer cannot supply you we can. 


ol/ine for RUGS or ROBES. 
W© II iSfl your SKfnSj soft, light, motu-proof. 

Get our tan circular. We make Frisian, Coon, and Gallo- 
way Coats and Robes. If your dealer don’t keep them, 
get catalog from us. Liberal discounts to early purchasers. 
The CROSBY FRISIAN FUR CO., Box 13, Rochester, N. Y. 



LIPPINCOTT'8 MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 



“ The name of the WHITING PAPER COMPANY on a box of sta- 
tionery is a guarantee of excellence.” 


The finest stationery is so essential to polite correspondence that 
it is well to purchase that which is recognized as correct. The 
Whiting Paper Company, of Holyoke, are the largest manufac- 
turers of fine writing-papers in the world, their “Standard Linen” 
being a decided favorite in the best .society. You cannot fail to be suited by some one 
of the great variety of their papers, samples of which can be seen at your dealer’s. 
Insist on having “Whiting’s.” 



WHIXINO COMPANY. 


HOLYOKE, NEW YORK, 


PHILADELPHIA. 


LIPPINCOTT’S 



Steel pens 


LEADING STYLES: 

No. 50, Falcon; No. 61, Bank; No. 62, Commer- 
cial; No. 69, Premium; No. 60, School; No. 62, 
Badies* Falcon; No. 72, Carbon ; No. 66, Universal; 
No. 67, Fngrossiiig ; No. 68, lawyer's; No. 73, Fal- 
con Stub. 

75c. per Gross. 


Ask your Stationer for them or send to 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, Philadelphia. 
Send 1 0 cents for sample do»en. 


EISITABI-ISMEID 184 6. 

FRANKLIN 

PRINTING INK WORKS 

JOHN WOODRUFF’S SONS, 
1217 and 1219 Cherry St., Philadelphia, Pa. 



26 


This Magazine is printed with John WoodruflTs Sons’ Inks. 



LJPPINC0TT8 MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 


THE PENNSYLVANIA COMPANr 


FOR INSURANCES ON LIVES AND 
GRANTING ANNUITIES, 

No. 517 CHESTNUT STREET, 

INCORPORATED MARCH 10 , 1812 . 
CHARTER PERPETUAL. 


(TRUST AND SAFE DEPOSIT CO.) 


CAPITAI., 

SURPI.IJS 


93 , 000,000 

2 , 000,000 


Chartered to act as EXECUTOR, ADMINISTRA- 
TOR, TRUSTEE, GUARDIAN, ASSIGNEE, COM- 
MITTEE, RECEIVER, AGENT, etc. ; and for the 
faithful performance of all such duties all its Capital 
and Surplus are liable. 


ALL TRUST INVESTMENTS ARE KEPT 
SEPARATE AND APART FROM THE ASSETS 
OF THE COMPANY. 


INCOME COLLECTED AND REMITTED. 

INTEREST ALLOWED ON MONEY DEPOSITS. 

SAFES IN ITS BURGLAR.PROOF VAULTS 
FOR RENT. 

The protection of its Vaults for the preservation 
of WILLS offered gratuitously. 

Gold and Silver-Plate, Deeds, Mortgages, etc., re- 
ceived for safe-keeping under guarantee. 


HENRY N. PAUL, PRESIDENT. 

JARVIS MASON, Trust Officer. 

L. C, CLEEMANN, ASS’T TRUST OFFICER. 
JOHN J. R. CRAVEN, SECRETARY. 

C S. W. PACKARD, Treasurer. 

WM. L. BROWN, ASS’T TREASURER. 


IDIIESEC'Z'OiaS. 


Lindley Smyth, 

Henry N. Paul, 
Alexander Biddle, 
Anthony J. Antelo, 
Charles W. Wharton, 
Edward H. Coates, 


John R. Fell, 
William W. Justice, 
Craige Lippincott, 
Edward S. Buckley, 
Beauveau Borie. 
Eugene Delano. 


Edward Morrell. 


miiiiiiiiiiiriiniiiiiiiiniifiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiifiiiiiiiMiiiiiuinii 



Gallons FOR 25^1 


Not of the preparations of coloring 
matter and essential oils so often 
sold under the name of rootbeer, 
but of the purest, most delicious, 
health-giving beverage possible to 
produce. One gallon of Hires’ is 
worth ten of the counterfeit kind. 
Suppose an imitation extract costs 
five cents less than the genuine 
Hires; the same amount of sugar 
and trouble is required; you save 
one cent a gallon, and— get an un- 
healthful imitation in the end. Ask 
for HIRES and get it. 


HIRESI 

I Rootbeer i 

S THE CHAS. E. HIRES CO., Philadelphia. S 

aiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiifiiiiiiiifiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 


PJ|A|I| BLEMISHES permanentlyre- 
lAUIAL moved by regular physicians. 

20 years’ practical experience. J. H. Wood-fJ^^B 
bury 127 W. 42d St., N.Y., Inventor of Wood-BL^^ 
bury’s Facial Soap. 150 p. book for a stamp. 

Branch Offices: Boston, Phila., Chicago, St. Louis, 


A ^/y^ AIEB-IlCai Hose 


rnimlnr The ACME. Saves 
IhIII IIIIjI . yourfingers. Saveswear 

coupling in one second. Foroldor new 
nose. The A W Hose Band. Quick 
effective and needs no tools. Sold by all dealers. Full 
set, 4 Hose Couplers, and 2 Hose Bands, postpaid 50c. 
IThe JLdaxns "Westlake Co., Chicago. 




LITTLE GIANT LAMP HOLDER ! 

No more upset lamps ! Fits any lamp with 
a standard. Safe, Reliable. Convenient, and 
Ornamental. Try one and be convinced. Ja- 

? armed, 2.'>c., 5 for $1. Brass, nickel-plated, 
6c., 3 for 92. 


A Ary TO lAlAyTCn to SISO per month 
Alien I W fw An I CU easilymade. Sendforsain- 
ple, with circular and terms to agents. If ordered by mail, 
12 cents each extra for postage. 

SPECIALTY IH’FG. CO., Skaneateles, N. Y. 


E 


XCESSIVE SWEATING of the 

Guaranteed Sample Package and Book 
in Plain, Sealed Envelope, 10 cents. Ad- 



dress. Lazzarette Remedy Co., Unadilla, N, Y. 


DUBBER GOODS for Hygienic and private use. 

1% Circulars free. Gem Rubber Co., Kansas City, Mo. 

27 


nVI/CAl TP the part of France where I was 
IIAl^AI III horn, ladies of every age have good 
4#^ I Wni» I Ui complexions, and they never use 
cosmetics, but a simple domestic remedy prepared in nearly 
every household. There is nothing disagreeable in its ap- 
plication or harmful in its effects, and a change will be 
noticed in the skin in one day. When first discovered it 
was only supposed to bleach the skin, but the friction used 
in applying it ERADICATES WRINKLES and leaves the 
face firm and smooth. After a few applications 

Pimples, Tan, Blackheads and Sunburn, 

will entirely disappear. During its use all powders and 
lotions are to be avoided, nothing being used but soft water 
and OxYSALTs, for it is a process of cleansing, not covering 
up impurities. Full directions for use accompany the 
OxYSALTS,— by mail. 

One Month’s Treatment, only 25 cents. 

£. C. IjaCOMBE, 2819 Olive St., St. Liouis, Mo. 


WIDE AWAKE 

FACTS ABOUT SLEEP 

is the title of a little booklet published by Foster Bros. 
Mfg. Co., lo Clay St., Utica, N. Y. It is full of illus- 
trations, and interesting reading, on the subject of rest 
and sleep, and will be mailed free. Some spring beds ; 
rest all, others only a portion of the body. Sleep that 
refreshes the body, brain, and whole nervous system ' 
comes with the use of the “ IDEAL.** Ask your ' 
furniture dealer for the Ideal. 


They Got Out and Walked.— C ontinued 


WITH THE WITS. 



28 


Weary Waddles. See?” 

Whipor Willie. — “Yes: bring eem along, till we hitch eem up wid dis rope. 



LIPPINCOTT'8 MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 


■■■■■■■■» 



“'^ig I^odr” I 


ROUTE. 


XME XOURISXS’ l-IISI 


-BETWEEN- 


St. Louis, Peoria, Indianapolis, 
Cincinnati, Dayton, Columbus, 
Cleveland, Buffalo, 

NEW YORK AND BOSTON! 

FINEST TRAINS IN AMERICA. 

“KNICKERBOCKER SPECIAL.” 
“SOUTHWESTERN LIMITED.” 
No Tunnel at St. Louis ! No Ferry at New York ! 

MAGNIFICENT DAILY TRAINS BETWEEN 

CINCINNATI, INDIANAPOLIS, ST. LOUIS, 
AND CHICAGO. 

M. E. Ingalls, E. O. McCormick, D. B, Martin, 
President. Pass. Traffic Mgr. Gen. Pass. & Tkt. Agt. 


■■■aBBaBaBBaaanBBanB 


Survival of the Fittest 

— m 

Hotels in New York City change hands fre- 
quently. Strange faces, new management, and 
new methods seem to take away from them the 
comfortable, homelike atmosphere to which the 
traveller has become accustomed. Here and 
there, however, there are successful establish- 
ments which continue to hold their own under 
the same management. 

. . . The St. Denis . . . 

is a hotel of this character, and under the direc- 
tion of its old-time proprietor, William Taylor, 
continues one of the most pleasant and attractive 
hotels in the city. 

It is located corner of Broadway and Eleventh 
Street, directly opposite Grace Chureh, in the 
centre of the city. The Broadway cable cars pass 
the door, affording quick transit either up or 
down town. For families as well as business men 
it is most convenient. Accommodations are am- 
ple for a large number of guests, and the service 
.prompt and unobtrusive. The menu is most elab- 
orate, both in American and French cookery. In 
season and out of season there is nothing wanting! 
to tempt or satisfy the most exacting epicure or| 
accomplished bon vivant. i 


BEjjyTIFOL WDMEH 

Not only possessaclear and brilliantCOM* 
FLEXION but mubt also have a perfectly 
developed BUST. To attain and retain 
beauty’s chief charm, a perfect BUST, you 
must consult a specialist. No matter how 
severe your case, write me, I will help you. 
A DT My famous French Remedy is guar 
to Develop the BUST from 
S to 5 inches, permanently remove Wrinkles, and fills out 
hollows in Face, Throat & Neck. ROYALE CREME 
will positively cure every case of Freckles, Pimples, Black- 
heads and any discoloration of the complexion. Price $1. 
perbottle. Sample prepaid, 25c. Pamphlet on “The Per- 
fection of Face and Form,” Sent FREE to all. Address, 
MADAME JOSEPHINE LE FEVRE, 

1808 Chestnut Streetf • « Philadelphia* Ps* 



NO MORE GRAY HAIR 

BRUCELINE, the only genuine remedy for restoring gray hair 
to its natural color; no dye and harmless. Thousands of 
Testimonials. $1.00 per bottle. Druggists or Bruceline Co., 
377 .'^ixth Avenue, New York. Treatise on the hair sent on 
application, FREE. 


Kimball’s Anti-Rheumatic Ring, 

positively CURES Rheumatism, 
tiout, etc. 7,000 Testimonials. 
260,000 Rings sold. By mail, $2. Write for 

Pamphlets, ADAMS- BROWN CO. 
Sole Agents, 695 Girard Bldg., Phlla., Pa. 



AIR#REMOVED 

Permanently, root and branch, in 5 minntei, without pain, 
discoloration or injury with “Pllla Solvene.” Sealed 
particular*, 6c. Wilcox Specifle Co., Phlla., Pa,’ 


Perfume the Breath 

^ "^LL throat FROM 

r SLIGHT COUGH 

clear And STRENGTHEN the VOICE 



. Used by 

people of refinement for over 


^SSilOcts 

1 ml dkuqg'sts. 


TRDC MTy Ca 
ROCHESTER,N.Y 


FrA^rdfitlliC 






The Australian DRY' AIR ^ 

Cure for Hay Fever, Catarrh, Ca- 
tarrhal Deafness, Asthma, etc. 

BY INHALATION ONLY, 

Pocket Inhaler Outflt—SI. 

This is no stand and deliver busi- 
ness. If your case is not critical 
send me your address first and I will 
prove that Hvomei does heal and cure. 

B. T. BOOTH, 18 E. 20th St.,N.Y. 

AAAhAAAAAAAA 



Marshall’s 

Catarrh 


has never 
been equalled for the 
instant relief of Ca- 
tarrh, Cold in the Head, and Headache. Cures Deafness 
restores lost sense of smell. Sixty years on the market. All 
Druggists sell it. 25c. perbottle. P. C. EEITH, Mfr., Clsveland, 0 


29 



LIPPINCOTT'8 MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 



Manufactory Established 1761. 

LEAD PENCILS, COLORED PENCILS, SLATE PENCILS, WRITING SLATES, 
STEEL PENS, GOLD PENS, INKS, PENCIL CASES IN SILVER AND 
IN GOLD. STATIONERS’ RUBBER GOODS, RULERS, 

COLORS AND ARTISTS’ MATERIALS. 

78 Reade Street, - - New York, N. Y. 

MANUFACXORY BSXABUSHHD I 76 x. 

GOODS SOLD BY ALL STATIONERS. 


SIMPLEX PRINTER. 



Simple, Cheap, and Effective. 

Endorsed by over 50,000 Users. 

From an original, on ordinary paper with any pen, 100 
copies can be made. 50 copies of typewriter manuscript 
produced in 15 minutes. Send for circulars and samples. 
A.GENTS WANTED. 

LAWTON & CO., 22 Vesey St., New York. 


4 foot desk, $16 

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, Send for catalogue. 

18 & 20 Van Uuren bu. Chicago, U. S. A. 





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30 



LIPPTNCOTTS MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 



^>V\ANUFACTURERS'OF 

FaSS EN6ER >FREI6rif -ELEVATQM 

Send for Catalogue. 



It cdnnotbe imf)roved 
lircdnnot be e<|udIlecJ 




Thechoicesb of dll 
SMOKING T05ACC03 

2oz.TridIPdckd|e 
id P'>''25cb5 


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FREE 

Dr. Tarr’s Creme 
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stamp It preserves the teeth, pre- 
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More economical than powder or 
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gi8ts.26c. DR. W. W. TARR 
Dept. M, 146 State St., Chicago. 


■ ■ - >■ HUBERT’S _ 

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For Beautifying the Complexion. 
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sent postpaid on receipt of oOe. Use I 

MALVINA ICHTHYOL SOAP f rOTil.nlHjBn 
2a Cents a Cake* TOl<£DO» Oi 



SOLID THROUGH TRAINS BETWEEN 


CINCINNATI, 
TOLEDO DETROIT. 

Pullman Vestibuled Trains Between 


HOW TO SUCCEED. 

A well-written treatise on Personal Magnetism and its 
development, to assure improvement in life, can behadby 
mentioning name and date of this paper and nclosing loc, 
to Prof. Anderson, Masonic Temple, Chicago. This book 
should be read by everyone as itmeans the bettermentof 
moral, mental and physical manhood and womanhood. 
lOO pp. book on Hypnotism, roc. Large book la. 


0E BRILLIANT AND EMINENT ! Everybody. 

The new physiological discovery— Memory Restor- 
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GINGINNATI, 

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Through Car Lines from Cincinnati via 
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WM. M. GREENE, D. G. EDWARDS, 

General Manager, General Pass. Agent, 

CINCINNATI, OHIO. 



LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 



Deer Park 


OR 


Oakland. 



Tide-Water. 


5 eason Opens June 22d, 1895. 



These famous mountain resorts, situated at the summit of the Alleghanies, and directly upon the 
main line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, have the advantage of its splendid vestibuled express 
train service both east and west, and are therefore readily accessible from all parts of the country. 
, All Baltimore and Ohio trains stop at Deer Park and Oakland during the season. 

The houses and grounds are lighted by electricity. Turkish and Russian baths and large swim- 
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f bowling alleys and billiard rooms; fine riding and driving horses, cai’riages, mountain wagons, tally-ho 
coaches, etc., are kept for hire; in short, all the necessary adjuncts for the comfort, health, or pleasure 
of patrons. 

Rates, $60, $75, and $90 a month, according to location. 



n 


LL communications should be addressed to GEORGE 
D. DeSHIELDS, Manager Baltimore and Ohio Hotels, 
Cumberland, Md., up to June loth ; after that date. 
Deer Park, Garrett County, Md. 


32 





LIPPINCOTTS MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 




8 



An 


Oxygen 


Home Remedy 
Without Medicine. 


150 Fifth Ave., N. Y., April 6 , 1895. 

“ * * * My [confidence in the merits of the 
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ence.” w. H. DePuy, A.M., D.D., LL.D. 

(Editor Peoples’ Cyclopaedia.) 


$ 

¥ 


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Pronounced 

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How? 


99 


Write us for booklet 
that tells all about 
the l^lectropoise. 
Mailed free. 


Electrolibration Co., 1122 Broadway, New York 
346 Fulton Street, Brooklyn. 





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Room 3 , 842 Broadway, N. Y. 
Agents wanted. 


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33 




They Got Out and Walked.— Continued. 


WITH THE WITS. 



34 


Weary Waddles.— “ Talk about your Wigilant! she ain’t in it wid dis, i 


LIPPINCOTT'8 MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 



There is Only ONE^ 


WHAI F nn Fwpru Parkaw Kendall Mfg. Co.’s Trade Mark. 
WV riMI-i:. on every raOKage, EgtabUsUed isn't. providence. B. I. 



ACME CAKE BEATER, 
Price, $i.00. ‘ 


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NO DISHES AND SPOONS TO CLEAN ! NO TIRED BACK AND ARMS ! 


Nine Ladies out of every ten will buy our ACME CAKE BEATER if shown and explained 
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finest fancy cake in one minute. So simple and practical that people wonder why it was not 
thought of before. With it a child can make cake equal to a grown person. 

To introduce it quickly where we have no agent WE WILL SEND FOR 60 CENTS, 
silver, — well wrapped, — stamps, or money-order, ONE ACME CAKE BEATER, with recipes 
and fhll instructions. If you afterwards order a dozen beaters you may deduct the 50 cents 
and you have your 

saivif>i.e:3 rr3e:! 

Or we will return your 50 cents if you get us an agent who will order a dozen Beaters. Better 
still, GET UP A CLUB of 12 neighbors and friends and send us $5.00 for a dozen Beaters, 
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Thiat Xir^d Rolling 



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CHAMPION MFQ. CO., 

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36 


WE HAVE NO AGENTS 



No. 311, $111.55. 


but sell direct to the consumer 
at wholesale prices. Ship any- 
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sale. Everything warranted. 

1(H) styles of Carriages, 90 styles 
of Harness, Saddles, Fly Nets, etc. 

Send 4c. in stamps, postage 
on 112 page catalogue. 

ELKHART CARRIAGE AND 
HARNESS MFG. C0„ 

W. B. PRATT, See’y, Elkhart, Ind. 


P 


CURED without med- 
icine. Rheumatism' 
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» Dropsy easily cured. 

For a valuable book FREE to all. Address, 
Dr. C. I. TEACHER. 1401 Masonic Temple, Chicago. 


ANALYSIS 


Cjn>01SCDevSANDOW.WM.«LAIKtC.M.«. OAVIS. M.D..W.O.ANOrRSON.M.O.VALt rtl 


nutter, explains the Whitelymethodr 10c prepaid. S 

InJejeDdeDt Electric Co., 3901 Stewart-aT., Ctilcaio. “ 

9 MISS FRANCES E.WILIARO. MU*. ■ 







They Got Out and Walked. — C ontinued. 


WITH THE WITS. 



36 



LIPPINCOTT’S MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 



TO AUTHORS FOR 


^‘Stories of Mysteiy” 

The Chicago Record offers to authors the 
sum of $30,000 for original stories written in 
English, no parts of which have ever been here- 
tofore published. The offer is made upon the 
following conditions : 

$20,000 

will be paid in twelve cash prizes for the 
best twelve stories. The money will be di- 


vided as follows : 

First Prize ■ - $10,000 

Second Prize - - 3,000 

Third Prize ■ ■ 1 ,500 

Fourth Prize - - 1 ,000 

Fifth Prize - - - 800 

Two Prizes of S600 each 1 ,200 
Five Prizes of $500 each 2,500 


Making a total of $20,000 


The first prize will be paid for the story adjudged to be the best, . 
the second prize for the story adjudged the next best, the third 
prize for the story adjudged to be the third in merit, the fourth 
prize for the fourth in merit, the fifth prize for the fifth in merit ; 
two prizes of S600 each and five prizes of $500 each, thus making the 
total of twelve prizes in $20,000. 

$ 10,000 

additional will be paid at space rates for 
stories of accepted value but which may not 
be awarded any of the twelve cash prizes. 

The stories submitted in this competition are 
required to be “stories of mystery,” in other 
words stories in which the mystery is not ex- 
plained until the last chapter, in order that read- 
ers may be offered prizes for guessing the solution 
of the mystery in advance of its publication. 

The stories must reach The Chicago Record at its office of pub- 
lication, 181 Madison street, Chicago, 111., before Oct. 1, 1895, and 
the awards will be made as soon after that date as they can be 
read and judged. 

For full information authors will address 

VICTOR F. LAWSON, Publisher The Chicago Record, 
Chicago, 111., U. S. A. 


37 


They Got Out and Walked.— C oncluded. 


WITH THE WITS. 



38 


Then they got out and walked. 




Special Bargain Books. 


Atkinson’s Amoor Regions. 

Travels in the regions of the upper and lower 
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fines of India and China. With adventures 
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Thomas William Atkinson. With a map and 
numerous illustrations. 8vo, cloth, ^3.50; our 
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Stephen’s History of France. 

Lectures on the History of France. By Sir James 
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Poets of the Nineteenth Century. 

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Penshurst Castle in the Time of Sir 
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By Mrs. Emma Marshall. Illustrated. i2mo, 
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Mrs. Beecher’s Motherly Talks with 
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i2mo; our price, 25 cents; by mail, 38 cents. 

The Past in the Present. What is 
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By Arthur Mitchell, M.D., LL.D. Being ten of 
the Rhino lectures on archaeology delivered in 
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Sea Fairies and other Poems. 

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Michael Angelo. 

A dramatic poem. By Henry Wadsworth Long- 
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British Letters. 

Illustrative of character and social life. Edited 
by Edward T. Mason. 3 vols., i6mo, $S- 7 S} our 
price, $1.00; by mail, $1.26. 

Horace Chase. 

A novel. By Constance Fenimore Woolson. 
i2mo, $1.2^] our price, 60 cents; by mail, 71 
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The Silver Christ and a Lemon Tree. 

By Ouida, author of “ Under Two Flags,” etc. 
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Mad Sir Uchtred of the Hills. 

By S. R. Crockett, author of “ The Stickit Mim 
ister,” etc. i8mo, ^1.25; our price, 50 cents; by 
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How to Know the Wild Flowers. 

A guide to the names, haunts and habits of our 
common wild flowers. By Mrs. William Stan 
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Personal Memoirs of General Philip 
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Steel and wood portraits of Sheridan and his 
famous generals. Engravings of his famous war- 
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Rebecca M. Wright, the Loyal Girl of Winchester. 
Fac-similes of famous letters, twenty-six maps 
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The Century War Book. 

People’s Pictorial Edition. Being for the most 
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In this unique work many commanders and sub- 
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heroic deeds of which they were a part. In one 
large volume of 324 pages, printed on extra heavy 
paper, with 775 illustrations and 20 maps; our 
price, $1.35; by mail, $1.80. 


JOHN WANAMAKER. 


LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE ADVERTISER. 



A perfect water supply in country or suburban homes 
is now easily within the reach of all, and can be had in 
such an ornamental form as to give an added charm to 
the landscape. The galvanized steel tank and other new 
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